Time series analysis of mantle cycles Part I: Periodicities and correlations among seven global isotopic databases

In this study, seven isotopic databases are presented and analyzed to identify mantle and crustal episodes on a global scale by focusing on periodicity ranging from 70 to 200 million years (Myr). The databases are the largest, or among the largest, compiled for each type of data – with an objective of finding some samples from every region of every continent, to make each database as global as conceivably possible. The databases contain zircon Lu/Hf isotopic data, whole-rock Sm/Nd isotopic data, U/Pb detrital zircon ages, U/Pb igneous zircon ages, U/Pb non-zircon ages, whole-rock Re/Os isotopic data, and large igneous province ages. Part I of this study focuses on the periodicities of age histograms and geochemical averages developed from the seven databases, via spectral and cross-correlation analyses. Natural physical cycles often propagate in exact integer multiples of a fundamental cycle, referred to as harmonics. The tests show that harmonic geological cycles of ～93.5 and ～187 Myr have persisted throughout terrestrial history, and the cyclicities are statistically significant for U/Pb igneous zircon ages, U/Pb detrital zircon ages, U/Pb zircon-rim ages, large igneous province ages, mean ε_Hf(t) for all samples, mean ε_Hf(t) values for igneous-only samples, and relative abundance of mafic rocks. Equally important, cross-correlation analyses show these seven time-series are nearly synchronous (±7 Myr) with a model consisting of periodicities of 93.5 and 187 Myr. Additionally, the similarities between peaks in the 93.5 and 187 Myr mantle cycles and terminal ages of established and suspected superchrons provide a framework for predicting and testing superchron periodicity.     

Statistical analyses of Global U-Pb Database 2017

The method of obtaining zircon samples affects estimation of the global U-Pb age distribution.Researchers typically collect zircons via convenience sampling and cluster sampling.When using these techniques,weight adjustments proportional to the areas of the sampled regions improve upon unweighted estimates.Here,grid-area and modern sediment methods are used to weight the samples from a new database of 418,967 U-Pb ages.Preliminary tests involve two age models.Model-1 uses the most precise U-Pb ages as the best ages.Model-2 uses the~(206)Pb/~(238)U age as the best age if it is less than a1000 Ma cutoff,otherwise it uses the~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb age as the best age.A correlation analysis between the Model-1 and Model-2 ages indicates nearly identical distributions for both models.However,after applying acceptance criteria to include only the most precise analyses with minimal discordance,a histogram of the rejected samples shows excessive rejection of the Model-2 analyses around the1000 Ma cutoff point.Because of the excessive rejection rate for Model-2,we select Model-1 as the preferred model.After eliminating all rejected samples,the remaining analyses use only Model-1 ages for five rock-type subsets of the database:igneous,meta-igneous,sedimentary,meta-sedimentary,and modern sediments.Next,time-series plots,cross-correlation analyses,and spectral analyses determine the degree of alignment among the time-series and their periodicity.For all rock types,the U-Pb age distributions are similar for ages older than 500 Ma,but align poorly for ages younger than 500 Ma.The similarities(500 Ma)and differences(500 Ma)highlight how reductionism from a detailed database enhances understanding of time-dependent sequences,such as erosion,detrital transport mechanisms,lithification,and metamorphism.Time-series analyses and spectral analyses of the age distributions predominantly indicate a synchronous period-tripling sequence of~91-Myr,~273-Myr,and~819-Myr among the various rock types.     

A modeling of the structure and favorable H-docking sites and defects for the high-pressure silica polymorph stishovite

Employing first-principles methods, the docking sites for H were determined and H, Al, and vacancy defects were modeled with an infinite periodic array of super unit cells each consisting of 27 contiguous symmetry nonequivalent unit cells of the crystal structure of stishovite. A geometry optimization of the super-cell structure reproduces the observed bulk structure within the experimental error when P1 translational symmetry was assumed and an array of infinite extent was generated. A mapping of the valence electrons for the structure displays mushroom-shaped isosurfaces on the O atom, one on each side of the plane of the OSi₃ triangle in the nonbonded region. An H atom, placed in a cell near the center of the super cell, was found to dock upon geometry optimization at a distance of 1.69 Å from the O atom with the OH vector oriented nearly perpendicular to the plane of the triangle such that the OH vector makes a angle of 91° with respect to [001]. However, an optimization of a super cell with an Al atom replacing Si and an H atom placed nearby in a centrally located cell resulted in an OH distance of 1.02 Å with the OH vector oriented perpendicular to [001] as observed in infrared studies. The geometry-optimized position of the H atom was found to be in close agreement with that (0.44, 0.12, 0.0) determined in an earlier study of the theoretical electron density distribution. The docking of the H atom at this site was found to be 330 kJ mol^–1 more stable than a docking of the atom just off the shared OO edge of the octahedra as determined for rutile. A geometry optimization of a super cell with a missing Si generated a vacant octahedra that is 20% larger than that of the SiO₆ octahedra. The valence electron density distribution displayed by the two-coordinate O atoms that coordinate the vacant octahedral site is very similar to those displayed by the bent SiOSi angles in coesite. The internal distortions induced by the defect were found to diminish rather rapidly with distance, with the structure annealing to that observed in the bulk crystal to within about three coordination spheres.     

国产WSP—2半米平面光栅测定超痕量金方法介绍

本文叙述了国产半米平面光栅光程短、光强好、谱线锐度佳的特点,通过最佳条件选择,改进分析方法,使其测金灵敏度为3×10~(-9)g,取样10g可测定含金量范围为0.3—1000ppb,取得了很好的效果。     

山东荣成沽河流域水资源系统分析

流域水资源系统由降水产流，以及通过水文下垫面的转换，形成的地表径流和地下水流流组成。本文将复杂的沽河流域水 资源系统分解成多个子系统，利用频谱分析方法对各个水资源子系统的转换功能进行定量的分析刻画，并利用地下含水介质子系统的转换特征函数－频率响应函数求取水文地质参数，丰富了水文地质参数的获取途径。     

油气资源遥感勘查新方法

地下深处的油气藏中的烃类物质,在压力梯度下会向地表产生微渗漏,导致地表物质产生一系列理化异常,在地表形成吸附烃异常、红层退色、粘土化、碳酸盐化、放射性异常和地植物异常等标志。根据这些地表标志的地物波谱特征,选择出油气资源遥感勘查的最佳工作波段,在此基础上,以机载遥感信息为主,以星载遥感信息为辅,以地表地球化学、地植物学、地面遥感勘查作为验证手段,最终施行多元信息复合分析,可达到寻找油气藏的目的。     

基于机载和星载高光谱遥感的武夷山成矿带蚀变矿物信息识别研究

武夷山成矿带是中国东部中生代火山岩区重要的金铜多金属成矿带之一。为进一步对武夷山成矿带的岩矿蚀变信息进行识别与对比研究,该文利用机载航空高光谱SASI短波红外数据和星载高分五号(GF-5)高光谱数据,在充分分析不同蚀变矿物的实测波谱典型吸收特征和矿化蚀变信息识别提取方法的基础上,基于迪开石、高岭石、石膏、铁绿泥石、铁镁绿泥石、镁绿泥石等6种蚀变矿物的实测光谱特征,应用光谱角填图法(Spectral Angle Mapper,SAM)对闽中永泰—德化—尤溪矿集区的两类高光谱影像的蚀变矿物信息进行自动匹配识别和信息提取。研究表明:1 两类高光谱数据都能较好地提取出上述6种典型蚀变矿物的分布范围,且结合地质资料能够推测出火山机构,暗示了较好的找矿前景;2 通过对提取的蚀变矿物信息的效果和特征进行对比研究,并经野外实测岩矿样品的光谱验证,SASI数据提取的蚀变矿物信息与实际验证点吻合更多;3 通过对比分析,发现应用高空间分辨率SASI数据的蚀变矿物信息提取结果较空间分辨率较低的GF-5数据更加稠密和精确,与空间分辨率越低,像素光谱混合越明显、地物精细区分程度也相对较差的常规认识相吻合。由于该研究中光谱验证点相对较少,且矿物种类有限,同时原始空间分辨率不同等因素,评价结果还需作进一步验证。     

遥感技术在南盘江地区油气烃类检测中的应用

应用陆地卫星 TM 资料对南盘江地区进行了烃类微渗漏蚀变信息检测研究。岩石土壤地球化学特征分析表明,该区不同程度地存在着“褪红”、“粘土矿化”、“碳酸盐矿化”等烃类蚀变异常现象。选择 FeO/Fe_2O_3作为褪红的成分因子;(K_2O+Na_2O+Al_2O_3)、(K_2O+Na_2O)/Al_2O_3、(K_2O+Na_2O+Al_2O_3)/S∶O_2和 K_2O/Na_2O 等作为粘土矿化的成分因子;CaO+MgO 和 CaO/MgO 作为碳酸盐矿化的成分因子。利用 TM1/TM3、TM1/TM4识别褪红蚀变信息,TM5/TM7、TM5/TM4用干识别粘土矿化和碳酸盐矿化蚀变信息。建立了地球化学—光谱—遥感图像三位一体的遥感找油气模式,根据油气遥感色调异常对南盘江地区进行了评价和分类。     

基于ASTERSWIR-TIR多光谱数据的西准噶尔花岗岩类岩性信息提取与识别——以克拉玛依岩体为例

花岗岩类的遥感岩性提取与识别研究一直是遥感岩石学领域的热点之一.位于中国新疆北部的西准噶尔地区有许多花岗岩体产出,其岩性信息对于西准噶尔的地质研究十分重要.本文通过对西准噶尔克拉玛依花岗岩体岩石样品及光谱库中相关矿物的可见光-近红外及短波红外(VNIR-SWIR)与热红外(TIR)的光谱测试与特性分析,采用ASTER SWIR-TIR比值13/12(R),4/6(G),(12×12)/(11×13) (B)假彩色合成技术识别与提取出研究区碱长花岗岩、花岗岩、花岗闪长岩与二长花岗岩四种花岗岩类,证明ASTER SWIR-TIR多光谱数据,尤其是TIR数据,对花岗岩类岩性识别的能力.此外,根据遥感影像中岩性、构造特征的解译与区域内包古图斑岩型铜钼矿的成矿斑岩岩体比较,推断出位于克拉玛依Ⅱ号岩体以及Ⅰ号与Ⅲ号岩体交汇部位东侧的部分区域仍可能具有一定的成矿潜力.     

Local site effects in Latur, India: an empirical study based on the aftershocks of the Killari earthquake of September 29, 1993

The site amplification is estimated at five seismic stations of the Latur region using the horizontal to vertical spectral ratios of 33 aftershocks of the main Killari earthquake of September 29, 1993 (UTC). Spectral amplifications, ranging from a factor of 2–6 are found to vary with frequency at different places. Significant amplification is found at four sites within the Latur region, at Basavakalyan, Kasgi, Killari, and Mudgad Eakoji villages. Our results show a positive correlation between the site amplification and the damage pattern in area. The pattern and the nature of the site amplification estimated in the present study corroborates also with the analytical models and the borehole data indicating alternating layers of unconsolidated sediments and basaltic rocks.