地幔交代作用的微区微量元素证据——云南双沟蛇绿岩的质子探针研究

用质子探针技术对双沟地幔交代熔融物的微区微量元素进行了测定。研究表明,地幔橄榄岩中的残留矿物橄榄石和斜方辉石仅含Ni和Zn,而Ga、Ge、Sr、Rb、Zr、Y、As、Pb等微量元素主要集中在地幔部分熔融所产生的矿物(尤其是尖晶石和绿泥石)中。微区范围内微量元素的分布表明,尖晶石二辉橄榄岩地幔不均一性的尺度可达微米级,通常解释为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩在开放系统下地幔交代作用的结果。     

青海湟水盆地活动断裂构造格架激光散斑模拟试验研究

将最新研究的湟水盆地断裂构造格架设置于合理的试验材料之上，进行激光散斑模型模拟试验，取得了断裂活动特征的量化显示结果，并用于评价区域地壳稳定性．     

Gaschromatographische Bestimmung von polychlorierten Biphenylen in Wasser nach Headspace-Festphasenmikroextraktion

Gas-chromatographic Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Water after Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction Headspace-analytical techniques are usually applied to the determination of easily volatile substances in water, whereas semivolatiles are generally isolated by liquid-liquid or solid-phase extraction. In the present paper, a method is presented for isolating high boiling polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) using headspace solid-phase microextraction at elevated temperature. In spite of their low vapor pressure, the analytes are adsorbed very efficiently on a poly-dimethylsiloxane-coated fiber. Thus, in combination with GC/ECD, a very simple and sensitive solventless determination of PCB is accomplished. Using the simplest possible standard conditions, limits of determination in the lowest nanogram-per-liter range are achieved. Further increased sensitivity down to the ppq (parts per quadrillion) range is possible by stirring and increasing the sample volume and adsorption time. Moderate matrix effects have been observed in some surface and groundwaters.     

煤层倾角与覆岩变形破裂分带

地下采煤中三带(冒落带、裂隙带、弯曲带)高度的判断是预测采空引起地表变形破坏程度的依据。在诸多的影响因素中, 煤层倾角是控制三带高度的最主要因素。建立在实测统计基础上的经验范围值用于三带高度的判断带有一定的人为性。急倾斜煤层中冒落带和裂隙带高度随煤层倾角变化的规律已被褐示[7].通过弹塑性岩石材料的非线性有限元模拟, 本文提出了利用应力重分布图判断中、缓倾角煤层采空区覆岩三带高度的方法, 并应用于实际工程。     

Simulation Experiments of Land Surface Physical Processes and Ecological Effect over Different Underlying Surface

Based on the existing Land Surface Physical Process Models(Deardorff, Dickinson, LIU, Noilhan, Seller, ZHAO), a Comprehensive Land Surface Physical Process Model (CLSPPM) is developed by considering the different physical processes of the earth‘s surface-vegetation-atmosphere system more completely. Compared with SiB and BATS, which are famous for their detailed parameterizations of physical variables, this simplified model is more convenient and saves much more computation time. Though simple, the feas...     

The Present Space-Time Motion and Deformation Features of the Northeastern Margin of the Qinghai-Xizang（Tibet） Block and Its Adjacent Area

On the basis of Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA), and considering the moderate intrusion of specific block boundaries to different extents, the first-order block motion model is established for the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) block and the kinematical model for depicting deformation of small regions as well by using GPS observations of three periods (1991, 1999 and 2001). By simulating, we obtained the motion features of the firstorder blocks between the large WWN faults on the sides of the studied region, the distribution features of the principal strain rate field and the inhomogeneous motion features with spacetime of the faults in the northern boundary of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) block.     

CAPPS在太原市本地化过程中的改进和应用

该文针对CAPPS在太原市运行的误差问题，在分析其主要原因的基础上，变换地形背景场，依据不同季节、不同天气形势，在模式中增加对综合误差系数和扬尘系数的调节功能，进行多种数值模拟试验。结果表明:在误差分析基础上确定的模拟试验方案，使主要污染物SO₂、NO_X和PM₁₀的预报值与监测值的相关系数分别提高到0.96、0.91和0.89，最终使CAPPS成为预报准确率稳定在90%以上的业务化数值模式系统。     

新疆哈密五堡乡缺水地区找水经验

通过在新疆哈密五堡乡南大草滩严重缺水地区的水地质勘察，找到了一个日供水量为3000m^3/d的小型水源地，为在同类地区找水提供了一定的找水经验。     

Estimation of regional material yield from coastal landslides based on historical digital terrain modelling

High‐resolution historical (1942) and recent (1994) digital terrain models were derived from aerial photographs along the Big Sur coastline in central California to measure the long‐term volume of material that enters the nearshore environment. During the 52‐year measurement time period, an average of 21 000 ± 3100 m³ km^?1 a^?1 of material was eroded from nine study sections distributed along the coast, with a low yield of 1000 ± 240 m³ km^?1 a^?1 and a high of 46 700 ± 7300 m³ km^?1 a^?1. The results compare well with known volumes from several deep‐seated landslides in the area and suggest that the processes by which material is delivered to the coast are episodic in nature. In addition, a number of parameters are investigated to determine what influences the substantial variation in yield along the coast. It is found that the magnitude of regional coastal landslide sediment yield is primarily related to the physical strength of the slope‐forming material. Coastal Highway 1 runs along the lower portion of the slope along this stretch of coastline, and winter storms frequently damage the highway. The California Department of Transportation is responsible for maintaining this scenic highway while minimizing the impacts to the coastal ecosystems that are part of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. This study provides environmental managers with critical background data on the volumes of material that historically enter the nearshore from landslides, as well as demonstrating the application of deriving historical digital terrain data to model landscape evolution. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.