鲁西南莱芜、蒙阴、平邑盆地早第三纪地层的划分和对比

鲁西南地区分布着近东西向大致平行排列的早第三纪盆地群。在蒙阴、莱芜盆地早第三纪沉积称为官庄组，在平邑盆地称为卞桥组。依据沉积物特征和沉积旋回都能分为下段、中段和上段。通过对哺乳动物、介形类、轮藻、腹足类和孢粉等化石的研究可确定中段的沉积时代为早始新世，通过对轮藻、介形类和哺乳类动物的研究能确定下段和上段分别为始新世早期和中期。在卞桥组中段和官庄组中段发现介形类Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ属，该属起源于晚侏罗世或早白垩世，在早白垩世繁盛，晚白垩世逐渐衰落，灭绝于晚古新世或早始新世，在早始新世沉积中的发现，是迄今在我国发现的最高层位。     

Recent Sea Level and Sea Surface Temperature Changes Along the Maldives Coast

Maldives, a South Asian small island nation in the northern part of the Indian Ocean is extremely vulnerable to the impacts of Sea Level Rise (SLR) due to its low altitude from the mean sea level. This artricle attempts to estimate the recent rates of SLR in Maldives during different seasons of the year with the help of existing tidal data recorded in the Maldives coast. Corresponding Sea Surface Temperature (SST) trends, utilizing reliable satellite climatology, have also been obtained. The relationships between the SST and mean sea level have been comprehensively investigated. Results show that recent sea level trends in the Maldives coast are very high. At Male, the capital of the Republic of Maldives, the rising rates of Mean Tidal Level (MTL) are: 8.5, 7.6, and 5.8 mm/year during the postmonsoon (October-December), Premonsoon (March-May) and southwest monsoon (June-September) seasons respectively. At Gan, a station very close to the equator, the increasing rate of MTL is maximum during the period from June to September (which is 6.2 mm/year). These rising trends in MTL along the Maldives coast are certainly alarming for this small developing island nation, which is hardly one meter above the mean sea level. Thus there is a need for careful monitoring of future sea level changes in the Maldives coast. The trends presented are based on the available time-series of MTL for the Maldives coast, which are rather short. These trends need not necessarily reflect the long-term scenario. SST in the Maldives coast has also registered significant increasing trend during the period from June to September. There are large seasonal variations in the SST trends at Gan but SST and MTL trends at Male are consistently increasing during all the seasons and the rising rates are very high. The interannual mode of variation is prominent both in SST as well as MTL. Annual profile of MTL along the Maldives coast is bimodal, having two maxima during April and July. The April Mode is by far the dominant one. The SST appears to be the main factor governing the sea level variations along the Maldives coast. The influence of SST and sea level is more near the equatorial region (i.e., at Gan). There is lag of about two months for the maximum influence of SST on the sea level. The correlation coefficient between the smoothed SST and mean tidal level at Gan with lag of two months is as high as ~ +0.8, which is highly significant. The corresponding correlation coefficients at Male with the lags of one and two months are +0.5 and +0.3, respectively. Thus, the important finding of the present work for the Maldives coast is the dominance of SST factor in sea level variation, especially near the region close to the equator.     

通辽市一次久旱转雨天气过程诊断分析

应用常规天气资料、卫星云图及多普勒雷达产品资料,针对2009年4月18日夜间至21日白天通辽地区出现的一次久旱转雨天气过程,通过动力诊断分析和物理量诊断方法阐述了此次过程的环流成因,利用多普勒雷达反射率因子、径向速度、风廓线及回波高度产品,揭示了这次过程天气系统的回波特征。结果表明:这次过程分别是由低层暖湿切变及短波槽不断分裂南下加强后,与地面倒槽配合形成的低涡影响造成的。     

2010年极端干湿循环对我国西南山区大规模泥石流滑坡灾害的促进作用

2010年是厄尔尼诺转拉尼娜的极端气候年份, 也是我国21世纪地质灾害最为频繁的一年。统计显示地质灾害特别集中于我国西南山区, 主要为泥石流滑坡(含崩塌)。2010年前期干旱严重, 雨季暴雨集中, 单个个例的研究也凸显自然条件的控制, 但灾害发生的主导因素依然很少定量的分析与陈述。为此, 本文通过对干湿循环的特征指标与灾害分布的时空规律进行耦合, 分析2010年西南山区灾害的影响因素。结果表明, 该年西南山区64%的大规模的泥石流滑坡事件与该年干旱有一定的对应关系, 而干湿循环是2010年灾害发育的一个重要促进因素, 其导致泥石流滑坡发生主要表现在干旱时出现大量裂隙, 降水渗流沿裂隙集中下渗增加渗流压力, 减少阻力与增加下滑力的综合作用。     

Geochronological review of Sambagawa metamorphic belt in Southwest Japan

Based on almost all available published age data, the protolith ages, peak metamorphic ages and cooling rate of the Sambagawa metamorphic belt have been discussed and the latest constraints on the ages of the Sambagawa metamorphism and subduction-related accretionary evolutions were summarized. Peak metamorphic conditions attained within the Kuma nappe complex at ca. 145～185 Ma, and uplift through ca. 500℃ at ca. 150 Ma and 350～400℃ at ca. 110～ 115 Ma. The protolith sediments of the Besshi nappe complex were accumulated and subsequently progressively subducted and suffered high P-T prograde metamorphism during the Kuma nappe complex uplifting. The Besshi nappe complex arrived maximum metamorphic conditions at ca. 110 ～ 120 Ma and subsequently started rapid uplift with the cooling rate of ca. 14.2℃/Ma at ca. 75 ～85 Ma, followed with the cooling rate of ca. 6.0 ～8.9℃/Ma. The Oboke nappe complex started subduction later than other tectonic units and arrived the peak metamorphic conditions at ca. 75 Ma, which followed by the uplift with a cooling rate of ca. 8℃/Ma.     

基于断层相互作用的地震活动有限元模型

基于断层相互作用，初步建立了西南地区有限元动力学模型，讨论了由于地震发生产生的应力变化对西南地区整个系统的应力调整情况。初步结果表明，许多强震均发生在应力增强区。因此，本模型对判断未来强震危险区有一定的意义。     

Air Quality,Climate, and Policy: A Case Study of Ozone Pollution in Tucson,Arizona

This article addresses the need to better understand the complex interactions between climate, human activities, vegetation responses, and surface ozone so that more informed air‐quality policy recommendations can be made. The impacts of intraseasonal climate variations on ozone levels in Tucson, Arizona from April through September of 1995 to 1998 are determined by relating variations in ozone levels to variations in atmospheric conditions and emissions of ozone's precursor chemicals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and by determining month‐specific atmospheric conditions that are conducive to elevated ozone levels. Results show that the transport of ozone and its precursor chemicals within the Tucson area causes the highest ozone levels to be measured at a downwind monitor. The highest ozone levels occur in August, due in part to the presence of the North American monsoon. Atmospheric conditions conducive to elevated ozone concentrations differ substantially between the arid foresummer (May and June) and the core monsoon months ( July and August). Transport of pollution from Phoenix may have a substantial impact on elevated ozone concentrations during April, May, and June, while El Paso/Ciudad Juarez –derived pollution may contribute significantly to elevated ozone concentrations in August and September. Two broad policy implications derive from this work. Regional pollutant transport, both within the U.S. and between the U.S. and Mexico, is a potential issue that needs to be examined more intensively in future studies. In addition, spatiotemporal variations in sensitivities of ozone production require the adoption of both NO_x and VOC control measures to reduce ozone levels in the Tucson area.     

广西东南及西南部中生代火山活动旋回划分

桂东南和桂西南地区中生代三叠纪和白垩纪的火山活动活跃。近年来通过对这些火山岩研究，根据目前普遍采用的火山活动旋回划分的基本原则，将该地区中生代火山活动划分出上、下２个火山岩系，４个火山活动旋回     

关于西南岩溶区石漠化土地恢复重建目标的讨论

根据恢复生态学相关研究进展和西南岩溶区石漠化土地综合治理现状,探讨了石漠化土地生态恢复重建的不同空间尺度目标、阶段性目标、植被生态建设目标、社区文化建设目标和效益目标。指出防治岩溶石漠化的实质绝不仅仅是岩溶山区的水土保持问题和恢复植被,只有实现环境恢复、经济发展和社会进步三者的协调发展,生态建设与富民增收并举,石漠化等环境问题才能得到真正的全面解决。因此,近期石漠化综合治理模式目标必须结合市场重新认识资源环境优势,由扶贫型向提高生活质量型转变,由单一坡改梯向多途径特色农业转变,由防护型向开发型转变,由政府主导向参与式转变,从而打破岩溶脆弱生态背景上土地退化的恶性循环。     

2009/2010年我国西南秋冬春连旱特征及其大气环流异常分析

利用中国逐日站点降水资料、逐日季风监测指数及逐日副热带高压指数、74项环流指数及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 分析了2009年秋季至2010年春季的秋冬春西南特大干旱过程中各指数及大气环流异常特征.结果表明: 自2009年10月底东亚冬季风建立以来, 至2010年春季, 东亚冬季风强度持续偏强, 加之西太平洋副热带高压较常年偏西偏南, 西南地区长期受副高控制, 气温持续偏高, 加之冷空气虽然总体偏强, 但主要控制我国北方地区, 造成冷暖空气在西南地区少有交汇, 致使降水偏少, 干旱发生发展. 印缅槽强度较常年偏弱, 来自印度洋、孟加拉湾以及南海的水汽条件不足, 向西南地区输送的来自南海和孟加拉湾两条水汽通道的水汽通量均较常年偏弱很多, 加之西南地区、特别是云南地区自2009年秋季以来, 长期处于下沉运动的正距平区, 造成这段时间西南地区干旱少雨, 旱情持续. 2009年9月El Niño事件全面爆发, 南海-西太平洋地区形成异常反气旋流场, 该反气旋流场较常年偏西偏南, 造成副高位置偏西偏南, 从而使得云贵高原及其周边的印度季风区的降雨量明显偏少;高原地区及南海、菲律宾附近及热带辐合带地区OLR异常对西太平洋副热带高压的变化有一定影响, 进而影响西南地区降水, 其内在机制还有待深入研究.