南天山造山带中段推覆体内部变形及其与逆冲构造的关系

南天山造山带是古生代期间塔里木板块与伊犁—伊塞克湖板块对接、碰撞的产物 ,主体由向南逆冲的推覆体组成。推覆体内部变形构造在垂直于主断面方向上呈规律性变化。从推覆体底部向上 ,褶皱从 A型褶皱 ,紧闭、等斜的 B型褶皱 ,前翼褶皱经斜歪、倒转褶皱渐变为对称的尖棱或箱状 B型褶皱 ;构造面理从发育主断面近平行的 S-面理及剪切滑移的 C-面理渐变为只发育与主断面近垂直的 D-面理。据此 ,可把推覆体自下而上划分成为递进剪切、过渡和等轴挤压三个变形域。变形过程分析表明 ,存在水平挤压变形和随后的简单剪切变形两个变形阶段 ,前者发育于主断裂面形成之前 ,后者发育于主断裂面形成之后。这指示南天山造山带以变形扩展速率高于断裂扩展速率为特征     

南昆仑结合带盲矿西沟早白垩世高分异花岗岩的发现及其地质意义

In order to explore the petrogenesis and tectonic settings of the Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks in the South Kunlun Suture Zone, we systematically analyzed the petrography, geochronology, and whole-rock geochemistry of the granites in the Mangkuangxigou area. The Mangkuangxigou granites are featured by presence of tourmaline and mica in the rocks and formed at 113.4 to 117.5 Ma based on the zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results. These granites have high contents of SiO2 (72.03% to 75.10%) and alkali (Na2O+K2O=7.62% to 7.86%), but low contents of MgO (0.13% to 0.56%) and TiO2 (0.08% to 0.30%), and belong to strongly peraluminous (A/CNK=1.20 to 1.24) and high-K calc-alkaline to calc-alkaline series. Meanwhile, these rocks are rich in Rb, Th and U, but depleted in Ba, Sr and Ti. They have low REE concentrations and show relatively enriched LREE and significant negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.18 to 0.31). The SiO2 contents of the granites are negatively correlated with that of TiO2, Fe2O3T MgO, Al2O3, Th, and Rb, defining their affinities to highly fractionated S-type granites. Generation of the Mangkuangxigou granites was related to the partial melting of crustal rocks caused by underplating of mantle-derived magmas in an extensional setting. Such magmatism in the northern Tibetan Plateau was a far-reaching response caused by the closure of the Neo-Tethys Bangonghu-Nujiang Ocean, which may associate with a great W-Sn mineralization potential. © 2023 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

1951～2007年南疆地区气温异常的时空变化特征

采用1951～2007年南疆地区站点月平均气温资料和NCAR/NCEP气候月平均资料,运用二项式系数加权平均法、Morlet小波变换等方法分析了南疆地区冬季和夏季气温的季节—年际气候变化特征,及气温异常的时空变化特征.结论如下:南疆地区冬季和夏季气温在气候态上差异明显,1980年代以前的冬季主要为气温负异常,1980年代以后呈现气温异常升高,到2000年以后又开始出现偏冷趋势;夏季气温偏差小于冬季,57 a间南疆夏季气温大致出现两波振荡,异常偏热期大致处于1950年代、1970年代后期和21世纪初,呈20～25 a振荡.冷冬年的频次多于暖冬年,热夏年的频次多于凉夏年.偏冷年在57a时间段内所占比例最多,气温异常低的幅度大于气温异常高的幅度.南疆冬季气温存在2个显著振荡:6～10 a的年际周期和18～20 a的年代际周期;夏季气温有1个最显著的振荡,稳定的20 a为中心的周期.不同的年代和季节气温及气温偏差分布各不相同.从气温长期演变趋势来看不论冬夏南疆北部(天山山脉以南)气温升高,塔里木盆地以及南疆南部地区气温降低.冬季升温区的升温幅度比夏季升温区大,夏季降温区的降温幅度比冬季降温区大.     

泾阳南塬黄土滑坡类型与发育特征

1976年泾阳南塬大面积提水灌溉以来,沿泾河右岸发育27处,50余起黄土层内滑坡,造成严重的经济损失和人员伤亡,使得台塬面积不断缩小,水土流失加剧.通过对南塬黄土滑坡多次野外考察和滑坡测量,研究了泾阳南塬黄土滑坡类型与发育特征.依据滑坡发生力学机制对南塬黄土滑坡进行了分类,包括黄土流滑、黄土滑动和黄土崩塌.南塬黄土滑坡具有高陡的后壁,后缘裂缝普遍发育,具有演化性与群体性分布特征.其中裂缝发育及高陡的滑坡后壁是造成滑坡演化的重要因素.裂缝的发育还是滑坡群体性分布的内在动力机制.      

南阿尔金泥盆纪中基性杂岩体的成因及其地质意义研究

出露于南阿尔金西段的塔什萨依辉长岩和闪长岩及其内花岗质细脉是古生代多期岩浆活动的产物,它们构成了南阿尔金俯冲碰撞杂岩带的一部分,是深入探讨该地区构造演化过程的良好材料。本文通过对这些地质体野外地质特征、岩石学、地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年代学和锆石Hf同位素特征的系统研究,以期确定其形成时代、源区性质和岩石成因,为深入探讨南阿尔金俯冲碰撞杂岩带的演化过程提供进一步约束。本文研究表明:辉长岩和闪长岩具相对较高的SiO_2含量(50.4%~53.5%)和Mg#(57~80),低的K_2O/Na_2O比值(0.17~0.67),为钙碱性系列岩石;辉长岩的∑REE偏低(36.9×10~(-6)~83.1×10~(-6)),Eu正异常(δEu=1.17~1.85);闪长岩∑REE稍高(182×10~(-6)~190×10~(-6)),Eu负异常(δEu=0.85~0.86);二者相对富集LREE和LILE,亏损HFSE。其主量元素特征、微量元素(高Nb、Zr含量,低Zr/Y比值)、锆石Hf同位素和Sr-Nd同位素组成表明二者应为大陆板内伸展背景下软流圈交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融的产物,并在其岩浆演化过程中经历了地壳混染和分离结晶作用。花岗质细脉具高的Si O2含量(72.4%～75.5%)和K_2O/Na_2O比值(2.33～2.56),属于钾玄岩系列岩石;与闪长岩相比,两者微量元素蛛网图相似,但花岗质细脉轻重稀土分馏程度较大,Eu负异常(δEu=0.55～0.61)和P、Ti的亏损更加显著。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,辉长岩形成时代约为400～420Ma;闪长岩和其内花岗质细脉的形成时代基本一致,约为400Ma,并具有相似的锆石Hf同位素组成和Sr-Nd同位素组成,结合地球化学特征及野外产状,推测花岗质细脉为闪长岩分异的产物。结合南阿尔金区域地质背景综合分析,塔什萨依辉长岩和闪长岩起源于造山后伸展背景下软流圈交代的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,并经历了地壳混染和分离结晶作用;而闪长岩进一步分异形成花岗质细脉,并在其形成过程中可能伴随少量壳源熔融物质的加入。     

藏南泽当地区大反向逆冲断层变形研究——以磁组构与EBSD组构分析为例

仁布-泽当逆冲断层是喜马拉雅大反向逆冲断层（GCT）在藏南地区的重要延伸部分,也是喜马拉雅造山带北部边界新生代最为活动的构造单元之一。新生代以来特提斯喜马拉雅的构造变形组构特征的研究对于深入理解碰撞造山带演化与高原隆升具有重要构造意义。本文综合GCT泽当-琼结段断层的宏观与微观变形特征,对断裂带石英脉、围岩中石英和云母矿物的电子背散射（EBSD）组构及断层两侧岩石磁组构（AMS）特征进行对比分析。结果表明对AMS主要贡献来自顺磁性云母、绿泥石等,磁化率各向异性椭球体以压扁状为主,磁面理与构造面理（劈理、断层面）基本重合,显示较强的构造变形磁组构特征;磁线理优选方向近南北向,且与观测北向逆冲断层方向一致,揭示剪切作用在变形过程中的持续作用。研究发现泽当地区GCT附近石英微观结构从围岩至断层区,石英至少呈现3种不同类型的微观变形机制：围岩区溶解蠕变、断裂带石英以膨凸重结晶和亚颗粒旋转重结晶作用为主。断裂带石英的c轴EBSD组构指示变形为低温（300~400℃）环境,其中黑云母的结晶学优选（CPO）与磁组构主轴优选方向存在高度的一致性,进一步证实了顺磁性矿物黑云母对AMS的主要贡献。综合研究表明泽当地区GCT的韧性变形是断层处在中上地壳韧性带的活动阶段变形的结果,也代表了特提斯喜马拉雅在碰撞、高原隆升期的变形主要特征。

     

1998年中国特大洪涝时期的环流特征

研究了 1 998年我国特大洪涝的环流特征 ,长江流域洪涝年全国有两种降水分布型 :即长江流域大水全国降水偏多型及长江流域大水其南北降水偏少型 .进而 ,研究了这两类分布型的环流特征 ,并指出北半球 50 0hPa位势高度场有着显著的差异 .鄂霍茨克海高压的建立是长江流域多雨的重要条件 ,南海高压的强弱在全国降水分布型中起着重要的作用     

Paleolimnological assessment of human impacts on an urban South African lake

North End Lake is a polluted and eutrophic freshwater system located in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Since the lake is expected to be used for recreational/tourist purposes by 2010, a rehabilitation program will have to be designed. For this reason, we retrieved a sediment core from the central region of the lake to decipher the effect of historical human impacts on the water body. Pre-disturbance paleolimnological inferences indicate that the lake was likely mesotrophic. After ∼1831, when sheep farming activities were undertaken in the catchment, increases in trophic state and changes in sediment composition were observed. After ∼1937, increases in trace metal levels, organic matter, spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP) and changes in sediment composition were recorded. The system became eutrophic as indicated by the dominance of the diatom Actinocyclus normanii, a cosmopolitan species often observed in systems where water quality has been dramatically degraded. The conditions worsened after 1986 because of the construction of a storm-water retention system, which intentionally channeled storm-water runoff into the lake. Because of this, extremely high values of fecal coliforms (i.e. 2 × 10⁶ every 100 ml) have been measured in the water column. The paleolimnological information identified the sharp increase in organic content in the uppermost section of the core, and this could be correlated to the operation of the storm-water retention system. Therefore, as an immediate management measure, we suggest that the storm-water retention system should either no longer be utilized, or the storm-water runoff should be treated before disposal into the lake. In addition, an effective sewage system has to be constructed.     

North Pacific sea ice cover, a predictor for the Western North Pacific typhoon frequency?

The relationship between the sea ice cover in the North Pacific and the typhoon frequency has been studied in this paper. It follows that the index for the sea ice cover in the North Pacific (ISA) both in December-January-February (DJF) and in March-April-May (MAM) is negatively correlated with annual typhoon number over the western North Pacific (TNWNP) during 1965―2004, with correlation coeffi-cients of -0.42 and -0.49 respectively (above 99% significant level). Large sea ice cover in the North Pacific tends to decrease TNWNP. Positive ISA (MAM) is associated with the tropical circulation and SST anomalies in the North Pacific, which may lead to unfavorable dynamic and thermal conditions for typhoon genesis over WNP from June to October (JJASO). The variability of the atmospheric circula-tion over the North Pacific, associated with the ISA anomaly in MAM is connected to the tropical at-mospheric circulation variability in MAM via the teleconnection wave train. Besides, as the tropical circulation has strong seasonal persistency from the MAM to JJASO, thus, the ISA in MAM-related variability of the tropical atmospheric circulation as well as the SST can affect the typhoon activity over the western North Pacific.     

近50 年华南地区极端强降水频次的时空变化特征

利用华南地区110 个台站1961—2008 年逐日降水资料,采用百分位法定义各站极端强降水事件的阈值,运用线性回归、M-K 突变检验、正交函数分解(EOF)、旋转经验正交函数分解(REOF)等方法,对华南地区年极端强降水频次的时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明:在空间分布上,年极端强降水频次在华南中部较大、广东沿海和广西西部内陆较小;华南极端强降水频次有3 个主要的空间异常模态,一致性异常特征是华南极端强降水频次分布的最主要空间模态,而东、西反向和南、北反向变化模态也是比较重要的异常模态。在时间分布上,华南的极端强降水事件主要发生在夏半年,夏半年极端强降水频次占全年总频次的83.7%;1960 年代和1980 年代极端强降水频次较少,从1980 年代中后期起,极端强降水频次有由少变多的趋势。华南区域各站极端强降水频次气候倾向率不一致,除中部呈减少趋势外,其余大部呈上升趋势,华南区域各站极端强降水频次的平均序列也呈上升趋势,但上升趋势不显著。华南极端强降水频次从区域变化特征上可分为6 个主要区域,分别具有不同的年际变化趋势,其中有3 个区域的代表站先后发生了显著增多的突变现象。