湘中南二叠系孤峰组硅质岩的成因属性及其地球动力学指示意义

华南二叠系底部的硅质岩及同一层位对应于华南重要的地幔强活动期和成矿期，有非常重要的动力学指示意义。研究表明，孤峰组剖面的岩性可划分为三段：泥页岩段、厚层状硅质岩段和薄层状硅质岩段。沿剖面自下而上，Al2O3、K2O和TiO2含量逐渐降低，MnO、TFe等组分逐渐升高；稀土元素显示出一定的铈负异常，∑REE偏低，且向上∑REE逐渐减少而HREE／LREE逐渐增高；一些热水沉积诊断性微量元素如As、Sb、Hg等也显示出一定程度的异常。这些特征均表明硅质岩的成岩过程中包含有正常沉积和热水沉积的共同作用，且自下而上热水沉积作用逐渐增强的趋势。这种成岩作用的演化特征，代表了下扬子地台拉张裂陷盆地对晚古生代伸展背景的沉积响应，对于探讨裂谷盆地阶段性发育的动力学特征有一定的指示意义。     

Spatial variability of soil nutrients in Punta Fort William,Greenwich Island,maritime Antarctic

This study aims to report baseline soil nutrients, specifically the organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus profile, in soil samples collected from Puntta Fort William on Greenwich Island in maritime Antarctic. Samples were collected along two transect lines during the early summer of 2008. Ward＇s method of hierarchical agglomerative clustering was employed to group the sampling points based on their physico-chemical properties. In this context, the soil samples can be grouped into three major clus- ters： （1） Samples with intensive biological activities, （2） samples from the area recently exposed by glacial retreat and （3） samples from barren and dried areas. Nutrient contents in Punta Fort William are driven by the intensity of biological activities as well as melt water from the Qnito glacier.     

中国南沙某岛礁深层礁灰岩物理力学特性

随着南沙海域岛礁吹填工程的实践,礁灰岩的物理力学特性也逐渐成为工程地质领域的研究热点。从南沙某岛礁深度为300 m的钻孔中获取礁灰岩岩芯,分别通过纵横波测试,单轴及三轴压缩试验和礁灰岩流变试验。得到：深层礁灰岩岩样的礁灰岩岩石横波速度与纵波速度关系为V_s=0.4447V_p+409.94;礁灰岩破坏后仍然具有较大的承载能力,并且礁灰岩的破裂呈碎条状,沿着生长软弱面破裂,礁灰岩由于溶洞和软弱面的强度随机性致使其强度也表现很强的随机性;礁灰岩加速蠕变的发生的应力阀值约为5~6 MPa,当加载水平达到5~6 MPa时才有加速蠕变的过程。试验结论为南海岛礁工程建设提供依据,也为珊瑚礁工程地质力学特性的深入研究提供参考资料。     

Groundwater System Division and Description of Asia

Based on landform, climate, river system, geological structure and hydrogeological structure and from the perspective of systematology, the groundwater system of Asia can be divided into 36 secondary groundwater systems under 11 primary ones by the intercontinental scale. This forms part of the work of the groundwater series map of Asia, which is compiled according to groundwater system division and evaluation of the total amount and types of aquifer, reflecting the large-scale features of groundwater resources in Asia. Systematic profiling of groundwater in this way provides a scientific basis for groundwater exploitation planning and management in Asia, and avoiding disputes over groundwater resources and the environment among Asian countries.     

全球气候变化下南海诸岛保护优先区识别分析

全球变化下,珊瑚礁保护区是保护生物多样性、增强珊瑚礁对气候变暖抵抗力的有效方式,而维持珊瑚礁弹性是其核心内容。针对珊瑚礁最具有威胁性的热压力因子,基于南海1982—2009年卫星观测海表面温度（SST）数据和CMIP5加拿大地球系统模式CanESM2模型预估的2006—2100年南海SST数据构建热压力强度模型,从维持珊瑚礁弹性的角度识别IPCC RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5情景下南海诸岛保护优先区。结果表明：RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5情景下13%左右的南海诸岛珊瑚礁识别为保护优先区。根据热压力强度与珊瑚抵抗力及避难所关系,西沙群岛七连屿和晋卿岛近年观测与未来预估的热压力强度均比较低,在保障其服务功能的基础上建议实施完全保护;东沙群岛东沙环礁和中沙环礁排洪滩近年观测急性热压力强度较高但未来预估热压力强度较低,建议实施50%禁止利用保护;中沙群岛黄岩岛近年观测和未来预估的急性热压力强度均比较低,建议实施50%多用途保护。南沙群岛有14%左右的珊瑚礁识别为保护优先区,根据其热压力强度可实施30%~100%禁止利用保护或30%~50%多用途保护。RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5情景下的南海诸岛保护优先区及保护对策,可为维持珊瑚礁生态弹性及应对全球气候变化提供重要的参考价值。     

Finding the Southern Part of Cyberspace: Using the Internet to Teach the South

Abstract

This article suggests how teachers can approach the Internet conceptually and use it practically as they teach about the American South. Because of its information, communication, and cultural dimensions, the Internet represents a “place” where students and teachers can appraise the South from multiple, alternative perspectives. The article offers lesson strategies and resources for both on-computer and off-computer classroom settings. By finding the southern part of cyberspace, the authors illustrate that regions can and do have a place in a medium often represented as spaceless and devoid of geographic boundaries.     

冬季北极涛动和北极海冰变化对东亚气候变化的影响

本文简要回顾了冬季北极涛动 (北大西洋涛动 )和北极海冰面积变化对东亚气候变化的影响、研究中存在的问题以及目前亟待解决的科学问题。     

南洞庭湖湿地景观文化的结构与特征研究

洞庭湖是我国传统的风景名胜区,也是世界上唯一一个由三个国际重要湿地组成的湖泊。作为洞庭湖的最重要组成部分,南洞庭湖国际重要湿地蕴藏着独特的景观文化资源,在长江文明、中华文明乃至世界文明的发展中占有重要地位。根据1999～2005年的调查结果,系统地分析了南洞庭湖湿地景观文化资源的结构特征：①物质文化（稻耕文化、船文化、建筑文化、生产文化、工程文化等）;②精神文化（端午节、民俗艺术、湖乡忌禁、饮食文化、抗洪抢险、植物文化等）;③制度文化（傩文化、楚文化、历史遗迹、湿地文物等）;阐述了湿地文化的起源及地位,重点研究了15种景观文化内容。研究结果表明,南洞庭湖景观文化的本质特征（湿地文化与水文化）具有国际重要湿地背景,典型的湘楚文化特点,突出的湿地特色,独特的世界遗产特点,同时具有高度的真实性及完整性。     

Crustal thickness estimation beneath the southern central Andes at 30°S and 36°S from S wave receiver function analysis

We have used the S wave receiver function (SRF) technique to investigate the crustal thickness beneath two seismic profiles from the CHARGE project in the southern central Andes. A previous study employing the P wave receiver function method has observed the Moho interface beneath much of the profiles. They found, however, that the amplitude of the P to S conversion was diminished in the western part of the profiles and have attributed it to a reduction of the impedance contrast at the Moho due to lower crustal ecologitization. With SRF, we have successfully detected S to P converted waves from the Moho as well as possible conversions from other lithospheric boundaries. The continental South American crust reaches its maximum thickness of ∼70 km (along 30°S between 70°W and 68.5°W) beneath the Principal Cordillera and the Famatina system and becomes thinner towards the Sierras Pampeanas with a thickness of ∼40 km. Negative phases, possibly related to the base of the continental and oceanic lithosphere, can be recognized in the summation traces at different depths. By comparing our results with data obtained from previous investigations, we are able to further constrain the thickness of the crust and lithosphere beneath the central Andes.     

现代浮游有孔虫对南海西南部上升流的响应

现代夏季风系统导致了南海西南部（越南岸外）上升流的发育,但浮游有孔虫对夏季上升流的响应如何尚缺乏实测资料,这不利于准确地利用有孔虫来重建古上升流的活动进而反演过去夏季风的强度变化。本研究利用2014年4月14日至11月1日布放于南海西南部夏季上升流区的时间序列沉积物捕获器材料,详细鉴定并定量统计了其所含浮游有孔虫类型。通过分析样品中浮游有孔虫各属种的通量和百分含量变化,结合区域气候环境资料,探讨南海西南部夏季上升流区浮游有孔虫对夏季风的响应,为古上升流与夏季风研究提供现代依据。研究结果表明初级生产力是控制上升流区浮游有孔虫通量变化的首要因素,喜营养种在上升流发育期增多而寡营养种含量下降。因此高表层生产力指示种,如Neogloboquadrina dutertrei可能是追溯南海西南部夏季上升流变化最可靠的指标。