An intelligent agent based on virtual geographic environment system

On the basis of previous work, this paper designs an intelligent agent based on virtual geographic environment (VGE) system that is characterized by huge data, rapid computation, multi-user, multi-thread and intelligence and issues challenges to traditional GIS models and algorithms. The new advances in software and hardware technology lay a reliable basis for system design, development and application.     

Sensitive Ion‐Flotation Separation of Ag(I) Traces Using 2‐(2‐Methoxyphenyl)benzimidazole before Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination in Water

A sensitive, reliable, and environmentally friendly method for simple separation and preconcentration of Ag(I) traces in aqueous samples is presented prior to their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations. At pH 7.0, Ag(I) was separated with 2‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)benzimidazole (MPBI) as a new complexing agent and floated after adding sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a foaming reagent. The floated layer was then dissolved in proper amount of concentrated nitric acid in methanol and introduced to the flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). The effects of pH, concentration of MPBI, type and amount of surfactant as the floating agent, type and amount of eluting agent, and influence of foreign ions on the recovery of the analyte ion were investigated. Also, using a nonlinear curve fitting method, the formation constant of 1.62 × 10⁶ was obtained for Ag(I)–MPBI complex. The analytical curve was linear in the range of 1.8 × 10^?7–1.7 × 10^?6 mol/L for determination of Ag(I). The relative standard deviation (RSD; N = 10) corresponding to 0.7 × 10^?6 mol/L of Ag(I), the limit of detection (10 blanks), and the enrichment factor were obtained as 1.7%, 2.9 × 10^?8 mol/L, and 43.0, respectively. The proposed procedure was then applied successfully for determination of silver ions in different water samples.     

“双低”技术在主动脉CTA中的可行性研究

目的:评价“双低”技术在主动脉CT血管造影(CTA)中的图像质量和辐射剂量,探讨其临床应用可行性。方法:前瞻性将90例临床似诊为主动脉疾病患者随机分为常规组和双低组(n=45)。常规组:120kVp、对比剂量1.5mL/kg(浓度350mgI/mL)。双低组:100kVp、对比剂量1.0mL/kg(浓度300mgI/mL)。两组的其他扫描参数相同,开启自动管电流调制(ATCM)和Smart prep技术。读取CTA剂量报告中的CT容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP);记录每位患者对比剂用量并计算碘含量。由2位副主任医师对图像质量进行主观和客观评价,评价内容包括:靶血管和背景的CT值,图像的信噪比(SNR)及对比噪声比(CNR),主动脉及分支血管显示情况和血管锐利程度。采取两独立样本t检验来比较两组的临床资料、辐射剂量、碘含量、图像质量的主观及客观评价等指标。结果:两组在年龄、身高、身体质量指数(BMI)均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。双低组患者接受辐射剂量和碘含量均明显低于常规组,两组差异有明显统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组图像的主观评价差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。客观评价:两组在主动脉主干及分支的CT值均>300HU,之间差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);两组SNR、CNR之间差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),双低组图像噪声略高于常规组,噪声在诊断范围内。结论:应用100kVp、对比剂量1.0mL/kg(浓度300mgI/mL),结合ATCM技术在主动脉CTA检查是可行的,优势是有效降低了辐射剂量和对比剂碘量,同时能满足临床诊断要求。      

冻融作用下PPF稳定土力学性能研究

为了研究冻融作用下外加材料稳定土的力学性能,以一种国产土壤固化剂（TG固化剂）加固低剂量水泥石灰稳定土为研究对象,通过冻融前后的无侧限抗压强度试验、劈裂强度试验和抗压回弹模量试验,研究不同压实度、聚丙烯纤维（PPF）掺量稳定土的力学性能。结果表明：稳定土的抗压强度、劈裂强度及回弹模量均随冻融次数的增加而降低,经历6次冻融循环后,强度、模量损失率基本稳定。冻融前后稳定土的抗压强度、劈裂强度、抗压回弹模量以及强度、模量的残留百分比均随着压实度和PPF掺量的提高而增大。结合工程实际情况,选取压实度为95%,0.2% PPF综合稳定土进行冻融试验,得到抗压强度残留比（BDR）达到59.32%,质量变化率仅为6.28%,研究表明,PPF综合稳定土具有优良的冻稳定性,可用作路面基层材料。     

Organohalogen compounds in deep-sea fishes from the western North Pacific, off-Tohoku, Japan: Contamination status and bioaccumulation profiles

Twelve species of deep-sea fishes collected in 2005 from the western North Pacific, off-Tohoku, Japan were analyzed for organohalogen compounds. Among the compounds analyzed, concentrations of DDTs and PCBs (up to 23,000 and 12,400 ng/g lipid wt, respectively) were the highest. The present study is the foremost to report the occurrence of brominated flame retardants such as PBDEs and HBCDs in deep-sea organisms from the North Pacific region. Significant positive correlations found between δ¹⁵N (‰) and PCBs, DDTs and PBDEs suggest the high biomagnification potential of these contaminants in food web. The large variation in δ¹³C (‰) values observed between the species indicate multiple sources of carbon in the food web and specific accumulation of hydrophobic organohalogen compounds in benthic dwelling carnivore species like snubnosed eel. The results obtained in this study highlight the usefulness of deep-sea fishes as sentinel species to monitor the deep-sea environment.     

淋水碎裂顶板煤巷锚固试验研究与实践

煤巷顶板锚固区域富水岩层支护中出现的沿锚杆（索）钻孔持续渗、淋、涌水难题是工程中亟待解决的问题。采用一种新型锚杆（索）防水锚固剂进行了相关防水性配比试验研究;为了获得煤系碎裂顶板持续渗水作用下粉砂岩强度变化规律,在现场与实验室分别进行渗水试验。结果表明：NS-1不饱和聚酯树脂及添加2%的XS-1高分子速溶胶粉是防水型锚固剂关键点;在静水浸泡作用下,粉砂岩抗压强度呈现先缓慢增大而后快速衰减的变化规律;在动水渗流、循环风干作用下粉砂岩在36～42 h内裂隙开度增加,强度持续弱化。研究了粉砂岩顶板水与支护体耦合作用关系,在团柏煤矿101101巷道进行新型锚固剂锚杆（索）锚固试验,防水型锚固剂在钻孔渗流量为140 mL/s时,仍能达到208 kN的锚固效果;试验结果表明,对锚杆、锚索施加高预应力和采用防水锚固剂可保证顶板淋水碎裂煤巷的稳定。     

流-固耦合模型试验用的新型相似材料研制及应用

为研究隧道突水、突泥过程中断层及围岩各物理场变化规律,根据地质力学模型试验相似原理,通过大量多组别配比试验,研制出适用于流-固耦合模型试验的新型断层及围岩相似材料。其中,断层相似材料以砂为粗骨料,滑石粉为细骨料,石膏、膨润土作为胶结剂,液态石蜡作为调节剂;围岩相似材料以砂为粗骨料,重晶石粉、滑石粉为细骨料,白水泥及乳胶作为胶结剂。通过大量室内试验,对比分析原岩及相似材料变形特征及强度破坏特性,重点对单轴抗压强度、渗透系数、重度、泊松比、弹性模量等重要变形及水理特性参量进行调控,系统研究不同配比对材料参数的影响规律。试验结果表明：该材料力学参数变化范围广、性能稳定、操作工艺简单,可用来模拟不同渗透系数的低、中等强度岩体材料。将该相似材料应用于吉莲高速公路永莲隧道断层突水、突泥三维地质力学模型试验中,力学性能及水理特性均达到试验要求,能够有效地模拟突水、突泥的发展演变过程,真实反映断层灾变过程中各物理场响应规律。     

保水剂与活性炭改良白云岩石漠化坡地土壤促进植物生长的盆栽试验研究

文章分析了白云岩坡地岩土组构特点,针对白云岩坡地土壤易漏水、漏肥的原因,提出利用保水剂的保水功能和活性炭的吸附与缓释功能对白云岩坡地土壤进行改良的思路和方法,并开展相关盆栽试验,研究保水剂保水、活性炭保肥对促进植物生长的作用,取得了良好效果。研究结果表明:（1）减少水分渗漏,利用保水剂的吸水性,是促进白云岩坡地植被生物量提高的重要措施。加入保水剂含量比例为0.5%时,总生物量比不加保水剂处理增加51.2%。加入保水剂含量比例为1%时,总生物量比不加保水剂处理增加111.2%;（2）同等添加0.5%保水剂情况下,随着活性炭加入比例的提高,生物量增长显著。加入3%的活性炭处理相比未加入活性炭处理,总生物量提高31.2%;加入5%的活性炭处理相比未加入活性炭处理总生物量提高78.6%。初步论证了利用活性炭的吸附与缓释功能改良白云岩糖砂层土壤,缓解养分渗漏的可行性。（3）白云岩土壤改良前后,植被生长差异显著。加入0.5%保水剂和5%的活性炭的处理比无添加的对比实验,总生物量提高101.2%,其中地上部分与地下部分分别增长90.9%和205.8%。此研究为白云岩石漠化坡地提高土地生产力, 缓解人地矛盾, 促进白云岩石漠化坡地植被恢复及土地的开发利用探索了新途径,是一种待之有效的土壤改良方法。      

A Review of: “Applications of Spatial Data Structures: Computer Graphics,Image Processing,and GIS”. By H. SAMET. (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,Inc, 1989.) [Pp. xv + 507; figures,tables, appendix,references, name and credit index,subject index.] Price US $49.95. ISBN 020150300 X (hardback).

The introduction of automated generalisation procedures in map production systems requires that generalisation systems are capable of processing large amounts of map data in acceptable time and that cartographic quality is similar to traditional map products. With respect to these requirements, we examine two complementary approaches that should improve generalisation systems currently in use by national topographic mapping agencies. Our focus is particularly on self‐evaluating systems, taking as an example those systems that build on the multi‐agent paradigm. The first approach aims to improve the cartographic quality by utilising cartographic expert knowledge relating to spatial context. More specifically, we introduce expert rules for the selection of generalisation operations based on a classification of buildings into five urban structure types, including inner city, urban, suburban, rural, and industrial and commercial areas. The second approach aims to utilise machine learning techniques to extract heuristics that allow us to reduce the search space and hence the time in which a good cartographical solution is reached. Both approaches are tested individually and in combination for the generalisation of buildings from map scale 1:5000 to the target map scale of 1:25 000. Our experiments show improvements in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. We provide evidence that both approaches complement each other and that a combination of expert and machine learnt rules give better results than the individual approaches. Both approaches are sufficiently general to be applicable to other forms of self‐evaluating, constraint‐based systems than multi‐agent systems, and to other feature classes than buildings. Problems have been identified resulting from difficulties to formalise cartographic quality by means of constraints for the control of the generalisation process.     

Photocatalytic Degradation of 17α‐Ethinylestradiol and Inactivation of Escherichia coli Using Ag‐Modified TiO2 Nanotube Arrays

Ag‐modified TiO₂ nanotube arrays (Ag/TiO₂ NAs) were prepared and employed as a photocatalyst for degradation of 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) and inactivation of Escherichia coli. The as‐synthesized Ag/TiO₂ NAs were characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that metallic Ag nanoparticles were firmly deposited on the TiO₂ NAs with the pore diameter of 100 nm and the length of 550 nm. Photocatalytic degradation of EE2 and inactivation of E. coli were enhanced effectively in an analogical trend using Ag/TiO₂ NAs. In particular, Ag/TiO₂ NAs exhibited the antimicrobial activity even in the absence of light. The Ag acted as a disinfection agent as well as the dopant of the modified TiO₂ NAs photocatalysis by forming a Schottky barrier on the surface of TiO₂ NAs. Inorganic ions suppressed the rates of photocatalytic degradation of EE2, with HCO having a more pronounced effect than NO or SO. Humic acid (HA) was found to increase the rate of EE2 degradation.