江西2003年夏季罕见高温气候特征及成因分析

对江西省2003年夏季罕见高温干旱的强度、气候历史地位、500hPa环流形势特征和海温特征等进行了分析。结果表明,2003年夏季高温强度在多项指标上均排建国以来第一位;在500hPa环流形势上具有特殊的分布特征;在前期环流形势场和海温场上具有一些前兆特征,有较好的预报意义。     

旋转扰动流体中壁面湍流不稳定及其拟序结构研究Ⅱ：数值模式

对第一部分的实验结果进行了讨论,指出局地最大、最小涡度的存在与所谓的正压不稳定和大气中经常观测到的滚动涡有关。速度廓线中的拐点和涡度极大值点对应不稳定发展的位置。另外,为了改进湍流的模拟,根据“准正则”近似,发展了一个三阶闭合模式。这个模型已被证明可以描述与湍流过程有关的流体动力学变量的趋势。     

2008年北京奥运会沈阳极端天气事件气候背景分析

利用1951～2005年沈阳7月下旬至9月上旬的日最高气温、降水量、风和天气现象等观测资料,分别以旬为单位统计了高温、暴雨、大风、大雾和雷暴等对体育竞赛影响较大的极端天气气候事件发生的概率及分布特点,以期为2008年北京奥运会足球沈阳分赛场的足球小组赛提供气候背景服务信息。结果表明:7月下旬至9月上旬,沈阳易出现高温、暴雨、大风和雷暴等不利天气,对举办足球比赛等赛事将会产生不利影响;相对而言,8月中旬至9月上旬期间,这些不利天气发生的概率较小,对举办足球比赛等赛事较为有利。     

INTERDECADAL VARIATION OF THE INTENSITY OF SOUTH ASIAN HIGH

The characteristics and possible physical mechanism of interdecadal variation of the intensity of the South Asian High (SAH) in summer are analyzed using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and NOAA extended reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST) data. The results indicate that a remarkable interdecadal transition occurred in the late 1970s that increased the intensity of SAH, or, an abrupt climate change was around 1978. A comparative analysis between the weak and strong period of the SAH intensity shows that the related anomalous patterns of the atmospheric circulation (including wind field, air temperature field and vertical velocity field) are nearly opposite to each other. The surface latent heat flux anomalies over the plateau (especially in the northwest of the plateau) in summer exert great influence on the interdecadal variation of the SAH intensity and the surface sensible heat flux anomalies play a more important role. Consistent with the interdecadal variation of the SAH intensity, the monopole mode of the tropical Indian Ocean SST in summer also experienced a low to high transition in the late 1970s. To some extent, this can reveal the impact of the anomalous monopole mode of the tropical Indian Ocean SST in summer on interdecadal variation of the SAH.     

海冰非均匀条件下大气环流模式和海洋环流模式耦合的实现

通过采用一种较好地考虑了海气通量交换对下垫面特征非线性依赖的通量计算方案,利用较成熟的逐日通量距平耦合方案实现了次网格尺度海冰非均匀条件下一个全球大气环流模式和一个全球海洋环流模式在高纬地区的耦合,并完成了一个50年的长期积分。模拟结果表明,通量计算方案中水道的作用是合理的,耦合模式能较好地模拟出北半球高纬海冰的主要地理分布特征,但夏季北冰洋内部靠近欧亚大陆部分边缘海区海冰密集度偏大。     

Raman spectroscopic study of K-lingunite at various pressures and temperatures

K-lingunite is a high-pressure modification of K-feldspar that possesses the tetragonal hollandite structure. Variations of the Raman spectra of K-lingunite were studied up to ~31.5 GPa at room temperature, and in the range 79–823 K at atmospheric pressure. The Raman frequencies of all bands were observed to increase with increasing pressure, and decrease with increasing temperature for K-lingunite. This behavior is in line with those observed for most of other materials. New sharp Raman bands appear at pressures greater than 13–15 GPa, suggesting a phase transition in K-lingunite with increasing pressure. The transition is reversible when pressure was released. The appearance of these new Raman bands may correspond to the phase transition revealed earlier at around 20 GPa by X-ray diffraction studies. Instead of transforming back to its stable minerals, such as orthoclase, microcline or sanidine, K-lingunite became amorphous in the temperature range 803–823 K at atmospheric pressure.     

The effect of anatase, rutile and sodium titanate on the dissolution of boehmite and gibbsite at 90 °C

Industrial plants that refine bauxite to alumina using the high temperature process have always held the belief that anatase was detrimental to the extraction of boehmite while rutile was not. This study shows that this effect is real and that it is observable at temperatures as low as 90 °C. The extraction of gibbsite is shown to be unaffected which leads us to believe that the kinetics of both the Ti-bearing mineral and the Al-bearing mineral is important in this phenomenon. In addition, it is shown that not only is the presence of anatase an issue in boehmite extraction but so too is the presence of sodium titanate. Rutile was found to have the least impact of the three mineral phases.     

黄渤海海域贝类麻痹性贝毒的检测与分析

采用小白鼠生物测试法和高效液相色谱法对2002~2005年我国黄渤海海域采集的贝类样品进行了麻痹性贝毒毒性检测,结果显示大连海域的虾夷扇贝含有麻痹性贝毒,有毒样品均出现在5月和6月,部分虾夷扇贝样品的毒素含量已经超过食用安全标准。通过高效液相色谱法分析了有毒虾夷扇贝体内的毒素成分,共检出了6种麻痹性贝毒组分,主要以毒性较低的C1和C2毒素为主,GTX3和GTX2次之,STX和neoSTX含量很低。通过高效液相色谱法分析得到的各毒素组分毒性总和与小白鼠生物测试法毒性测试结果基本相当。     

东亚夏季风雨带和西太平洋副高季节变化的耦合特征

利用NCEP／NCAR数据集中1950～1999年4～9月500hPa位势高度和逐日降水率(PRATE)资料，通过奇异值分解，主要探讨了东亚夏季风雨带与西太平洋副高季节移动的耦合关系。分析发现，模态方差的大小只反映模态对整个分析时段和整个分析区域贡献的大小，但对某些时段、某些区域来说，方差较小模态的贡献很大；因而仅以模态方差贡献的大小来判定模态的重要性是不完全的，只有多个模态的配合才能比较全面地揭示两个场的耦合特征。结果表明：东亚夏季风雨带在不同地区的跳跃对应着西太平洋副高的三次突变，不同模态对三次突变有不同的贡献。     

江淮入梅前后大气环流的演变特征和西太平洋副高北跳西伸的可能机制

该文首先采用合成分析的方法研究了江淮入梅前后大尺度大气环流的演变特征和西太平洋副热带高压西伸北跳的可能机制。研究结果表明, 江淮入梅前期的最显著的特征是:副热带高压首先在太平洋中部增强北跳, 而后向西扩展导致太平洋副高西部脊 (120°E) 的增强北跳。进一步分析表明, 在太平洋中部副热带高压的增强北跳和西伸之前, 副热带高压南侧ITCZ中对流和孟加拉湾北部的对流活动明显并且都经历了一次增强活跃过程, 这意味着热带ITCZ和孟加拉湾北部对流的异常活跃可能对副热带高压的增强北跳西伸产生影响。全球大气环流模式模拟结果表明, 赤道中太平洋ITCZ中对流异常活跃不仅可导致副热带高压的增强北移, 而且还可导致副热带高压西伸, 与诊断分析结果相一致。