Long term variations in solar flare activity

A statistical analysis of the contemporary (1954-1975) solar flare particle events has been made for the parametersF (integrated, proton fluence in cm^-2 in an event with kinetic energy above 10 MeV) andR ₀ (the characteristic rigidity). These data are compared with the long-term averaged values determined from stable- and radio-nuclide measurements of lunar samples. The analysis shows that the ancient solar flare proton spectrum was harder (higher R₀ values) compared to that observed in contemporary flares. A similar analysis can not be made for the mean long-term averaged flux (ˉJ, cm^-2 S^-1), since the contemporary averages suffer from an uncertainty due to the statistics of a single event. However, the average flux estimates for time durations 〈T〉 exceeding 10³ yr, are free from such uncertainties. The long-term averaged ˉJ values obtained over different time scales (10⁴ - 10⁶ yr) suggest a possible periodic variation in solar flare activity, with enhanced flux level during the last 10⁵ yr. The available data rule out the occurrence of giant flares, with proton fluence exceeding 10¹⁵ cm^-2 during the last million years.     

利用空间测地技术结果估计地球平均下地幔粘性(英)

基于IEC－4G冰期后地壳反弹模型,和地球上Laurentia,Fennoscandia,Antarctica,andGreenland四大冰盖最近21000年以来的冰融参数,计算了对地球最大主转动惯量的影响△I33,并进而由现代空间测地技术观测资料分析得到的地球自转非潮汐加速项为约束,估计了地球平均下地幔（670km以下）粘性vLM为（0．9～2．5）·1022Pas,这个结果表明了vLM应具有1022Pas量级．     

运用因子分析评价山东黑泥湾沉积物重金属污染来源

在对山东黑泥湾沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As、Cr和有机质进行分析测试的基础上,运用因子分析评价沉积物中重金属污染来源,结果表明,山东黑泥湾沉积物中存在Pb、Zn和Cd污染;主成分分析中前3个主成分的贡献率分别为44.656%、19.068%和18.098%;认为山东黑泥湾重金属污染主要有3个来源:有机质降解、海上船舶排污和环境背景。     

Environmental Issues Pertaining to the Kwale Mineral Sands Project,Kenya's South Coast—Reply

Tiomin Resources Inc. (“Tiomin”), the proponent of the Kwale Mineral Sands Project in Kenya, presents a response to the article authored by J. O. Z. Abuodha and P. O. Hayombe, entitled “Protracted Environmental Issues on a Proposed Titanium Minerals Development in Kenya's South Coast”, published in Volume 24, Number 2, April–June 2006. This article contains a series of inaccuracies, some grossly misleading and many statements relate to outdated information. Tiomin is greatly concerned at the publication of such a misleading report and is obliged to state the facts correctly. This response seeks to identify the misrepresentation of statements and/or facts in the article and present a correct and accurate perspective on the environmental issues of the project.     

泥石流源地松散体起动人工降雨模拟及放水冲刷实验

以神府－东胜矿区人为泥石流及云南东川蒋家沟自然泥石流为研究对象,采用人工降雨及放水冲刷模拟实验方法,分析了不同类型,不同地区泥石流源地松散体起动条件及泥石流过程,得出一些有意义的结论。     

文山州降雨侵蚀力时空分布规律浅析

降雨是导致土壤侵蚀的主要动力因素,降雨侵蚀力反映降雨引起土壤侵蚀的潜在能力。利用文山州内21个雨量代表站月降雨资料,估算文山州降雨侵蚀力,对该地区降雨侵蚀力的年内分布、年际变化特征和空间分布变化规律进行分析。结果表明：文山州降雨侵蚀力空间分布基本与降雨一致,山区为高值区,坝区为低值区;降雨侵蚀力主要集中在汛期（5～10月）,各月的差异大于降雨量的差异;文山州降雨侵蚀力长期变化为略减小趋势但不显著,年际变化较年降雨量年际变化显著。     

南极乔治王岛环境质量现状调查

本文以１９９２／１９９３年度中国第九次南极考察期间对南极乔治王岛的表土、地衣、苔藓等样品的分析资料为基础，研究探讨了８种无机重金属元素、５种有机污染物的浓度水平。其结果表明，重金属在三种环境样品中的含量分布存在着明显的差异；地衣、苔藓两种植物呈现对不同重金属元素的不同富集能力；∑６６６、∑ＤＤＴ和ＰＣＢｓ及油的沾污亦很明显。本文还对污染物质的来源、南极环境样品历次调查分析的结果以及世界部分地区的背景水平进行了讨论和比较     

Baseline determination,pollution source and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Amu Darya Basin,Central Asia

Central Asia(CA) is one of the most fragile regions worldwide owing to arid climate and accumulated human activities, and is a global hotspot due to gradually deteriorating ecological environment. The Amu Darya Basin(ADB), as the most economically and demographically important region in CA, is of particular concern. To determine the concentration,source and pollution status of heavy metals(HMs) in surface sediments of the ADB, 154samples were collected and analyzed for metals across the basin. C...     

基于热带测雨卫星探测的东亚降水云结构特征的研究

利用2000—2013年5—10月浙江省70个常规站逐小时降水观测资料来检验同期TRMM卫星3B42RT降水产品,尤其针对台风降水进行了评估。对比分析得出,2000—2013年5—10月3B42RT资料与台站观测资料在3 h、6 h、12 h和24 h 4个时间尺度上降水总量接近,两组数据呈显著正相关,相关系数随时间尺度的增大而加强,相关系数大值区位于浙江西部地区;无论是5—10月还是台风降水期间,3B42RT测雨资料的日变化特征与台站观测资料均较为一致,3B42RT能够准确抓到峰值出现的时间;台风期间3B42RT数据表征的全省降水普遍偏低,但与台站观测数据的相关性明显好于5—10月全时段,且相关系数大值区位于浙江东部沿海地区,台风前后时刻的3B42RT逐3 h降水量差值序列与台站观测降水量差值序列呈显著正相关,两组资料表征的降水量变化随时间的演变趋势较为一致。另外,选取2004年0414号台风“云娜”进行相关分析和基于目标诊断技术检验,发现3B42RT资料对降水的结构预报和实况相似度较高。

     

新疆夜雨和昼雨的空间分布和长期变化

基于云南省1977—2017年124个测站逐小时降水资料,运用时空平均等统计方法,分析了云南地区夜雨率、夜雨频次和夜雨强度的基本气候特征。结果表明：（1）云南夜雨占日降水量的比例较大,各个季节大部分地区夜雨率均能超过50%,且具有显著的区域性差异。多年平均夜雨率逐候变化呈现复杂和特殊的三峰型变化。（2）云南夜雨年频次呈现东部和西部多,而中部少的特征。主要是因为春、冬季云南东部和西部受南支西风系统、昆明准静止锋及云南地形的共同影响,是典型夜雨高频区。（3）云南北部和南部边缘在全年多数时段为夜雨强度的大值区,而中部常年夜雨强度相对较弱。云南大部地区夏、秋季夜雨强度大于春、冬季,但云南西北部边缘夜雨强度春、冬季高于夏、秋季。