基于静止锋的强对流过程个例诊断分析

本文利用常规天气图、中尺度暴雨 η模式输出的物理量场和红外卫星云图资料对 1999年 7月 18日 0 8时～ 7月 19日 0 8时东南沿海 2 1～ 30°N ,110～ 12 2°E范围内的强对流过程进行了分析 ,并仔细考察了对流云团强烈发展的前期条件。结果表明 :此次强对流过程与副高边缘的强暖湿不稳定及准静止锋的活动有关 ,静止锋活动是产生雷暴的直接原因 ,同时也与午后的热对流运动有关。对流不稳定和惯性不稳定是这次雷暴的触发机制 ,相对湿度和对流有效位能的大值中心附近未来可能将有雷暴出现。     

1710号台风“海棠”外围龙卷大气环境条件和雷达特征分析

2017年8月1日18:10—18:30受1710号台风"海棠"外围螺旋雨带影响,江苏省淮安市淮安区出现EF1级龙卷。利用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、多普勒雷达资料等,对龙卷过程进行分析。结果显示:龙卷发生在"海棠"残留低压和副高边缘间的东南暖湿急流中,其发生前1h地面出现小尺度涡旋并沿着地面辐合线移动。龙卷影响时,相邻地面自动站观测到气压上升、气温和露点下降、风力明显增大。逐渐增大的对流有效位能、小的对流抑制能量、较大的0～1km垂直风切变、1km以下的抬升凝结高度、干侵入等环境场特征均有利于本次龙卷风暴的生成。淮安多普勒雷达探测到入流缺口、TVS特征、气旋性风场结构。通过垂直螺旋度分析和双多普勒雷达风场反演等方法,发现在龙卷发生前低层环境垂直风切变有利于小尺度涡旋生成,中低层水平风场以辐合为主。当出现龙卷时,气旋式辐合中心下降有利于涡旋触地,龙卷发生地位于低层涡旋移动方向左前侧与1km高度切变线附近。     

华北强天气的水汽图象特征研究

利用1991～1993年共37个时次的NOAA TOVS反演的红外水汽亮度温度图、卫星云图及常规气象资料，分析华北地区夏季强天气过程，归纳出降水和强对流天气的水汽图象4种基本类型，为分析和预报此类天气提供了新的依据。     

Urban hailstorms: a view from Alberta

Urban hailstorms are rarely studied in detail. This work documents five urban storms in Alberta where damage has, on three occasions, set the record for Canada's most costly natural disaster. Information from newspapers, insurance companies, and disaster assistance programs was utilized to supplement meteorological records and information obtained from public surveys.The record-breaking hail swath which accompanied the 1987 Edmonton tornado was mapped using over 800 responses to an unprecedented newspaper survey. Tennis ball sized hail struck 125 km² of the city. Record-sized hailstones for Alberta were collected. Citizens' measurements of giant hailstones were compared to laboratory measurements. The rural storms were tracked using lightning detector information and damage was mapped using crop insurance and disaster assistance claims. The tornado-bearing storm was found to have a unique track.A late-season hailstorm which struck Calgary in 1991 was mapped using homeowner insurance claims organized by postal areas. Nine out of thirty areas had claims rates exceeding 50%, mainly for shingle replacement. Experiences of claims adjustors and an informal public survey were also utilized. Rural storms were mapped using weather radar and crop losses. The radar beam was strongly attenuated when it passed through hail-bearing storms and, thus, its ability to detect large hail was compromised.Weather conditions, urban and rural damaged areas, and insurance payments were compared for all five local hailstorms. These storms were discussed within the context of the long history of Alberta hail research and current trends in technology implementation. Forecasting of these hailstorms using conventional severe weather indicators was difficult in Calgary because of that city's proximity to the mountains. Hailstorms that struck Munich, Denver, and Toowoomba (Australia) were also discussed, and the hailstones collected from the great Munich storm were compared to those collected from the Edmonton storms.     

台风西北侧强对流天气浅析

台前强对流天气过程是较为罕见的.本文通过计算华南地区12站的物理参数以及分析天气形势,并结合台风结构来寻求强对流产生的内外因素.以便为日后的台前天气预报工作服务.     

华东飑线过程中的地面中尺度物理特征

本文利用华东中尺度天气试验资料和雷达回波,分析了9例强飑线过程中逐时地面物理量场的变化。提出中尺度散度场的配置及变化与中尺度强对流天气有十分密切的关系,而中尺度扰动辐合强度演变与锋前暖区内的中尺度扰动风场汇合线有关,这些关系往往能预示中尺度强对流天气的出现和发展。有时,在飑线发展的过程中具有中尺度重力波特征。     

灾害性冰雹过程的重力波演变特征

在灾害性冰雹过程的不同阶段,大气中有不同特征的重力波出现。使用重力波周期-振幅谱的动态分析方法,把冰雹过程从不同的发展阶段加以考察,发现了一些雹云发展和重力波演变特征之间的联系。它们有助于找到一种对灾害性冰雹过程作出较长时效临近预报的方法和进行深入研究的线索。     

强对流降水前大气层结因子的分析

显著性检验方法筛选了14个在强对流降水前大气垂直层结中有明显指示作用的因子，其中K指数、γ与γm在各层中差值的绝对最大值等7个因子的指示作用最明显。这些因子表示了大气层结的对流不稳定、条件不稳定、水汽含量和整层大气的垂直均匀性，可用于短时强对流降水的分析和预报。     

1991 年江淮特大暴雨的平均云图特征

利用平均云图资料分析1991年汛期江淮特大暴雨的大尺度云系的空间分布特征。结果表明:暴雨时期有三条云带伸向江淮地区。水汽通道主要有两条:分别为南海和孟加拉湾，它显示了低纬度向中纬度的水汽输送作用。文中还分析了青藏高压对江淮暴雨的作用。     

兰州“930505”特大尘暴沉积物重矿物研究

本文对兰州“９３０５０５”特大尘暴沉积物进行了重矿物研究，鉴定重矿物共２７种，其中不稳定矿物３种、较稳定矿物１１种、稳定矿物６种和极稳定矿物７种。重矿物组合及含量特征指示特大尘暴沉积物主要来自中酸性花岗质侵入岩并混有变质岩的风化产物。从而可以认为尘暴物源区应在甘肃北山及其东邻沙漠地带，与特大尘暴开始“起沙成暴”的主要地区基本一致。若与兰州马兰黄土之重矿物组合特征相比，现代尘暴之物源区较之末次冰期时不同。