柴达木盆地北缘30Ma左右的去顶剥蚀作用——~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar热年代学定量制约

通过对柴达木盆地北缘两个花岗质岩体的钾长石进行的氩多重扩散域理论 (MDD)模拟及年龄测定 ,得到了这些岩体的冷却历史。结果表明 ,30Ma左右这里曾发生过一次快速冷却事件 (7.5～ 9.4°C Ma) ,表示该地区此时曾发生去顶剥蚀作用 ,是该地区的抬升作用的结果。这可能和阿尔金断裂的走滑活动有关。     

藏南聂拉木亚来地区早石炭世纳兴组沉积层序及深切谷

运用层序地层学理论和方法对特提斯喜马拉雅东段南带聂拉木亚来剖面下石炭统纳兴组中下部沉积层序进行了研究，首次识别划分出三个Ⅱ型、三个含深切谷充填的Ⅰ型层序，对各层序特点进行了总结，重点介绍了深切谷特征，还讨论了沉积层序的时代格架、区域性和全球性对比，以及全球性冰川海退事件问题。     

扬子地块西南部晚元古代--三叠纪沉积地球化学演化

本文通过对扬子地块西南部自上元古界板溪群到三叠系发育在盆地和下斜坡背景中的泥质岩的系统的无素地球化学研究，首次发现了下寒武统、上泥盆统和上二叠统这三个在元素地球化学性质上明显不同于其它层位的地球化学异常层，从而构成了本区地质历史中三个明显的地球化学旋回。通过地球化学旋回与本区地壳演化和一系列沉积事件之间关系的研究，发现它们之间存在着内在的必然联系，说明沉积地层的地球化学演化是地球发展演化的必然结果和物质表现形式。因此，可通过这些地层的元素地球化学体系来恢复地壳发育和演化历史，这为我们正确认识本区的地壳演化和成矿作用的时控性提供了强有力的地球化学证据.     

南极15ka以来海洋沉积物的环境磁学研究

通过对东南极普里兹湾陆坡区ＮＰ９５－１及西南极长城湾ＮＧ９３－１两柱样系统的环境磁学研究，获得了南极地区１５．０～５．５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来的古气候变化序列。结果表明，磁学参数较好地记录了古气候变化及沉积环境变化的信息。ＮＰ９５－１柱样较好地记录了Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ１事件、新仙女木事件以及波令－阿罗德暖期，其中Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ１事件发生于１４．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，新仙女木冷期为１１．７～１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以后，南极地区进入全新世。在全新世，两柱样记录了在１０．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．及６．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．前后两个暖期，其间夹有小幅气温下调的时段；６．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．后，两柱样均有气候颤动变冷的记录。     

甘肃省及邻区6～7级地震前兆异常特征及其预测意义

在对１９８７～１９９５年度地震预测意见作回顾性检验的基础上，研究了甘肃省及邻区６～７级地震前兆异常的共性特征及地区性特征，研究结果表明，前兆异常时空分布不仅与强震大小有关，还与前兆台网布局和扣续强振的相关的位置有关。     

逆延华南气温序列方法的探讨

本文用香港１８８４－１９８３年逐年１月平均气温代表冬温，把它的年际变化时间序列作为原样本进行了谱分析，从中提取有代表性的周期波，用谱波分析和方差分析法，对选出来的周期波延，迭加，拟合成新的冬温时间序列。用地方志的冻灾史料进行了检验，结果９５％以上的冻灾年与新序列的冷冬年对应；冬季应温多出现连续性冷冬年，史料和新序列也有很好的一致性。     

STUDY OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES AFFECTING THE TRANSFORMATION OF COLD AIR OVER LAND AFTER OUTBREAK OF COLD WAVES IN EAST ASIA

Authors have studied the transformation processes of cold air over land in East Asia for eight cases which occurredin different months of 1981.First,the surface eddy sensible and latent heat fluxes,and drag coefficient were estimatedaccording to the approach of similarity theory.Then,the apparent heat source,the apparent moisture sink,and solarand long-wave radiative heating(or cooling)were further calculated through the budget method and physicalparameterization algorithm.It has been found that the cold air immediately starts the transformation process over landonce it moves away from its region of origin.In winter,the degree of transformation of cold air mass gradually intensi-fied as it travelled southeastward;while arriving in the ocean,the cold air mass underwent the most significant transfor-mation process.In summer,the most vigorous transformation of thermal and moisture fields was observed in NorthChina and Mongolian region,with much greater intensity than that in winter.     

Summer and winter regimes of runoff generation and soil erosion on cultivated loess soils (The Netherlands)

Monthly runoff and soil loss data of three fallow experimental plots are presented, comprising a summer and following winter season. The fallow plots were only tilled once, at the end of April. Summer runoff appeared to be controlled by rainfall intensity and conforms to the Horton model of overland flow generation. Winter runoff was primarily controlled by rainfall amount and conforms to the saturation or storage control model of runoff generation. Summer runoff volume was one fourth of winter runoff volume. Summer soil loss was twice as high as winter soil loss and was caused by high intensity, high energy rainfall. Winter soil loss was due to detachment limited erosion, caused by low intensity, low energy rainfall. Mean sediment concentration of winter runoff was one seventh of that of summer runoff. Implications for runoff and erosion of climatic change, involving increased rainfall amounts or intensities in summer or winter, are given.     

Revisit of event-based rainfall characteristics at Shapotou area in northern China

Distribution of rainfall event sizes and interval lengths between events are important characteristics of arid and semi-arid climates. Understanding their importance will contribute to our ability to understand ecosystem dynamics in these regions. Rainfall event timing and magnitude are important drivers of ecosystem processes and are instrumental in creating landscape heterogeneity in arid and semi-arid regions. Rainfall event characteristics were analyzed using an automatic tipping-bucket rain-gauge record across the entire summer monsoon season from 2008 to 2015 at the arid desert area of Shapotou in the Tengger Desert, China. Changing the minimum inter-event time (MIT) from 30 min to 24 h alters the number of rainfall events from 64 to 25 for the event depth larger than 0.1 mm. The mean rainfall intensity declined from 0.95 mm/h to 0.53 mm/h, and the geometric mean event duration rose from 0.55 h to 4.4 h. The number of rainfall events, mean rainfall intensity, and geometric mean event duration differed under different criteria of individual rainfall depths, except that for an individual rainfall depth of 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mm. The aforementioned features differed only at the lowest range of the mean rainfall intensity and depth for MIT=3 and 6 h. These findings suggest that identification of event-based rainfall in this specific arid region can be better achieved by setting the MIT at six hours. The wide variation in rainfall event properties indicate the need for paying more attention to the proper selection and reporting of event criteria in studies that adopt event-based data analysis. This is especially true in quantifying effective rainfall for soil water replenishment in terms of rainfall depth and intensity with infrequent rainfall events.     

冬季赤道太平洋不同类型海温异常表征指数的再构建

利用1963—2013年Hadley中心月平均海表温度资料,以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,根据两类厄尔尼诺事件发生时北半球冬季赤道太平洋地区海温异常的不同空间分布特征,即赤道中太平洋CP型和东太平洋EP型海温异常空间分布,从寻找与之相似的空间型角度出发,设计了一组新的海温异常指数I_(CP)和I_(EP)。与以往ENSO指数相比,新指数组I_(CP)和I_(EP)不仅表示了空间上相互独立的海温异常分布,而且在相同的研究时段内,因时间域上相互独立而能更好地表征和区分两类El Ni?o/La Ni?a事件。据此,采用该新指数组探讨了与中部型和东部型海温异常事件相关的热带太平洋的主要海气耦合特征。结果表明,与传统的东部型El Ni?o事件发生时最大暖海温中心位于赤道东太平洋地区不同,中部型El Ni?o事件,异常增暖中心位于赤道中太平洋。中部型时异常Walker环流的上升支向西偏移,异常降水集中于热带中太平洋,不似东部型时异常限定于赤道东太平洋地区。不论哪类事件,海洋性大陆均可受到影响,即CP或EP型El Ni?o发生时,海洋性大陆区域降水偏少。但比较而言,中部型ENSO对海洋性大陆区域的影响更大。