海洋微生物低温碱性脂肪酶的纯化与性质研究

以海洋微生物通过发酵制备的脂肪酶为材料 ,对该酶的分离纯化条件及理化性质进行了研究。在脂肪酶纯化中 ,采用氯仿萃取、中空纤维柱超滤及CM SepharoseFF阳离子交换柱层析等技术对发酵制备的脂肪酶进行了纯化 ,结果得到达到电泳纯的脂肪酶。在脂肪酶理化性质研究中 ,采用SDS PAGE电泳对该脂肪酶分子量进行测定 ,并在实验中以橄榄油为底物采用脂肪酶酸碱滴定测活法 ,对脂肪酶的最适水解条件、各种因素对脂肪酶稳定性的影响进行了研究。结果显示 ,该脂肪酶分子量为 ( 38 0± 1 )kD ,最适水解温度为 35℃ ,最适pH为 8 5 ,为一低温碱性脂肪酶。该脂肪酶可在 35℃以下、pH =4 0— 9 0范围内保持良好的稳定性 ,与常见金属离子、化学试剂等的配伍性较好 ,并且具有良好的耐盐及抗氧化性能。研究中还以p NPL(月桂酸对硝基苯酚酯 )为底物采用脂肪酶化学发光测活法 ,对脂肪酶进行了酶促动力学的研究。结果表明 ,该脂肪酶在最适条件下Km 值为 7 80 5 μmol/L ,Vmax为 1 2 385mmol/ (L·min)。通过对Zn2 +抑制脂肪酶水解活性的研究 ,发现Zn2 +对脂肪酶具有可逆抑制作用 ,从而筛选到该脂肪酶的可逆抑制剂Zn2 +。     

金藻中EPA的分离与分析

为建立金灌Isocrysis galbana中EPA的分离与分析方法，对金灌中的脂肪酸进行萃取分离和乙酯化，硅胶薄板检验乙酯化程度，利用气相色谱（GC）进行定性分析，用内标法对EPA进行定量分析，测得藻粉中EPA含量为1．92％。     

栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)中抗氧化肽的分离纯化及性质研究

以栉孔扇贝内脏团为原料,对其中抗氧化肽的制备、纯化及性质进行了研究。首先采用硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-Sephadex A-50阴离子交换层析的方法,进行了扇贝提取蛋白的制备,其次采用海洋蛋白酶YS-80水解、SephadexG-25凝胶层析的方法,进行扇贝抗氧化肽的制备,获得多肽粗品(海洋肽,PCF),并进一步采用CM Sepharose阳离子交换层析和反相高效液相色谱的方法,对扇贝抗氧化肽进行了纯化,结果得到组分PCF-3A,反相高效液相显示为单一峰。采用茚三酮反应、Sephadex G-15凝胶层析和AccQ.Tag氨基酸分析柱,进行了PCF-3A的理化性质研究。结果表明,茚三酮反应呈阳性;分子量约为794D;由7种氨基酸组成,分别为天冬氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸和脯氨酸。采用邻苯三酚自氧化体系和Fenton反应体系对PCF-3A的抗氧化活性进行了研究,发现该肽可有效清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子,半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.39mg/ml和2.85mg/ml,具有明显的抗氧化、抗衰老作用。     

A review of indicator minerals and sample processing methods for geochemical exploration

Geochemical exploration based on the analysis of indicator minerals (IMs) is becoming increasingly used as an effective method for mineral exploration for many types of mineral deposits. The types of IMs used or recommended for exploration for different types of deposits, their properties suitable for concentrating them, as well as those of other common minerals from which they must be separated are listed.     

Separation of a geochemical anomaly from background by fractal and U-statistic methods,a case study: Khooni district,Central Iran

Separation of geochemical anomalies from background are one of the important steps in mineral exploration. The Khooni mineral district (Central Iran) has complex geochemical surface expression due to a complex geological background. This region was chosen as a study area for recognition of the spatial distribution of geochemical elements and separating anomalies from background using stream sediment geochemical data. In the past decades, geochemical anomalies have been identified by means of various methods. Some of these separation methods include: statistical analysis methods, spatial statistical methods and fractal and multi-fractal methods. In this article, two efficient methods, i.e. U-statistics and the fractal concentration-area for separation and detection of anomalous areas of the background were used. The U spatial statistic method is a weighted mean, which considers sampling point positions and their spatial relation in the estimation of anomaly location. Also, fractal and multi-fractal models have also been applied to separate anomalies from background values. In this paper, the concentration–area model (C–A) was suggested to separate the anomaly of background. For this purpose, about 256 stream sediment samples were collected and analyzed. Then anomaly maps of elements were generated based on U spatial statistics and the C-A fractal methods for Au, As and Sb elements. According to obtained results, the U-statistics method performed better than C-A method. Because the comparisons of the known deposits and occurrences against the anomalous area created using thresholds from U-statistics and C-A method show that the spatial U-statistics method hits all of 3 known deposits and occurrences, the C-A fractal method hits 1 and fails 2. In addition, the results showed that these methods with regard to spatial distribution and variability within neighboring samples, in addition to concentration value frequency distributions and correlation coefficients, have more accurate results than the traditional approaches.     

Water tank and numerical model studies of flow over steep smooth two-dimensional hills

The present work investigates the role of different treatments of the lower boundary condition on the numerical prediction of flows over two-dimensional, smooth, steep hills. Four different law of the wall formulations are tested when a large recirculating region is formed on the lee side of the hill. Numerical implementation of the near-wall functions was made through a finite elements code. The standard κ–ε model was used to close the averaged Navier–Stokes equations. Results are validated through original data obtained in a water tank. Measurements resorted to laser Doppler anemometry. The experiment provide detailed data for the characterization of the reverse flow in the region between the separation and the reattachment points, with emphasis on the near wall region. The experimental wall shear stress distribution is compared with the results provided by the different laws of the wall showing good agreement. The numerical predictions are shown to vary markedly between different formulations.     

铀矿地质勘探设施退役整治中氡析出率快速检测

多年来我国在铀矿地质勘探取得丰硕成果的同时,也遗留了一些退役的放射性废物污染源,整治这类污染源有利于公众安全,有利于保护生态环境.整治工作中一项重要的内容,就是野外对氡(Rn)元素析出率的检测,以往的检测方法分别为局部静态法、驻极体收集积分法和活性炭吸附法.现采用HDC-90环境测氡仪可快速检测氡元素析出率.     

硼特效树脂离子交换法分离B的研究

本文对Amberlite IRA 743 硼特效树脂交换分离B的特征及其影响因素进行了研究。它适用于各种地质样品中B的分离提取，特别是在B同位素地球化学研究时必须进行B纯化的场合。     

响应面法优化浒苔半纤维素的提取条件及其组分分析

以浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)为原料,采用响应面法优化碱性过氧化氢提取半纤维素的条件。在单因素实验的基础上,运用Box-Benhnken中心组合原理,设计四因素三水平实验,确定半纤维素最佳提取条件。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和离子色谱(IC)分析浒苔半纤维素组分。结果表明,各因素对浒苔半纤维的提取率的影响为:时间温度料液比氢氧化钠浓度。碱性过氧化氢法提取半纤维素的最佳条件为:氢氧化钠浓度为4.8 g/L,提取温度为92℃,提取时间为5 h,料液比1︰70,半纤维素的提取率为56.75%,与预测值57.30%基本一致。FT-IR结果显示,浒苔半纤维素红外吸收光谱中含有明显的木糖和阿拉伯糖的特征吸收峰,为吡喃环结构,由β-糖苷键连接。离子色谱结果表明,浒苔半纤维素主要由木糖和阿拉伯糖组成,含有少量葡萄糖和半乳糖。木糖含量为54.4%,其次为阿拉伯糖,含量为15.3%,葡萄糖和半乳糖含量分别为5.6%和2.7%。     

Hartley变换在海洋工程中的应用研究

Hartley变换是一种基于谐函数的实变换,具有Fourier变换的特性,在海洋工程中使用Fourier变换的大部分应用都可以通过Hartley变换实现,并且快速Hartley变换的计算效率是快速Fourier变换的2倍,并易于实现,所以Hartley变换可以在许多应用中代替Fourier变换。详细介绍了Hartley变换在海洋工程领域的应用,包括:波谱分析、波浪分离、PIV(粒子图像测速法)技术和微分方程的Hartley域变换,举例说明了Hartley变换在节约计算空间和提高计算效率上具备的优越性。