Seismicity, seismotectonics and seismic hazard of Italy

A first generation of probabilistic seismic hazard maps of the Italian country are presented. They are based on seismogenic zoning deriving from a kinematic model of the structural tectonic units and on an earthquake catalogue with the foreshock and aftershock events filtered out. The following ground motion parameters have been investigated and mapped using attenuation equations based on strong-motion recordings of Italian earthquakes: peak ground acceleration and velocity; Arias intensity; strong motion duration; and the pseudovelocity and pseudoacceleration spectral values at 14 fixed frequencies both for the vertical and the largest horizontal component. A Poissonian model of earthquake occurrence is assumed as a default and the hazard maps are presented in terms of ground motion values expected to be exceeded at a 10% probability level in 50 years (return period 475 years) according to the requirement of Eurocode 8 for the seismic classification of national territories, as well as in terms of exceedance probabilities of selected ground motion values. Finally, as a tentative study, the use of hybrid methods (implementing both seismogenic zones and structures), renewal processes (including earthquake forecasting) and the influence of site effects (as the basis for the planning of earthquake scenarios) were explored.     

Analysis of the 9th November 1990 flare

In this paper we present complete two-dimensional measurements of the observed brightness of the 9th November 1990Hα flare, using a PDS microdensitometer scanner and image processing software MIDAS. The resulting isophotal contour maps, were used to describe morphological-cum-temporal behaviour of the flare and also the kernels of the flare. Correlation of theHα flare with SXR and MW radiations were also studied.     

A-HIGHERS—The System to Produce the High Spatial Resolution Sea Surface Temperature Maps of the Western North Pacific Using the AVHRR/NOAA

To study on the oceanic variations in the western North Pacific, we developed a system to produce a high spatial resolution sea surface temperature (SST) map from the data obtained by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites. As the system has been improved on the HIGHERS (Sakaida and Kawamura, 1996), it is called the Advanced-HIGHERS (A-HIGHERS). The A-HIGHERS has been developed on the super computer in the Tohoku University, which is favorable for handling of a large volume of data. Mainly because of improvements in the cloud detection algorithm, the A-HIGHERS can deal with the data obtained at dawn and dusk around the year, and at daytime in summer more effectively. The A-HIGHERS are used to produce SST maps spanning from (60°N, 120°E) to (20°N, 160°E) with a grid size of 0.01 degree.     

中国电子地图发展中的可视化问题

1IntroductionSpatial data can be visualized and explored in various ways. Developments in hardware and software have led to and will surely continue to stimulate novel methods for visualizing spatial data and creation of electronic atlas information syste…     

利用Mapgis软件将等值线逆向数值化的方法

应用Mapgis软件处理无基础数据的地质图件时,存在后期使用困难、精度不高、绘图速度慢的问题。本文总结一套有效的方法,将图形文件,转成数据文件,便于后期数据分析利用,以地质灾害危险性评估工作中要求提供的5年平均沉降速率图为例,对等值线逆向数值化进行演示。     

Construction of lake bathymetry from MODIS satellite data and GIS from 2003 to 2011

In recent years, sedimentation conditions in Dongting Lake have varied greatly because of significant changes in runoff and sediment load in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River following the construction of Three Gorges Dam. The topography of the lake bottom has changed rapidly because of the intense exchange of water and sediment between the lake and the Changjiang River. However, time series information on lake-bottom topographic change is lacking. In this study, we introduced a method that combines remote sensing data and in situ water level data to extract a record of Dongting Lake bottom topography from 2003 to 2011. Multi-temporal lake land/water boundaries were extracted from MODIS images using the linear spectral mixture model method. The elevation of water/land boundary points were calculated using water level data and spatial interpolation techniques. Digital elevation models of Dongting Lake bottom topography in different periods were then constructed with the multiple heighted waterlines. The mean root-mean-square error of the linear spectral mixture model was 0.036, and the mean predicted error for elevation interpolation was -0.19 m. Compared with field measurement data and sediment load data, the method has proven to be most applicable. The results show that the topography of the bottom of Dongting Lake has exhibited uneven erosion and deposition in terms of time and space over the last nine years. Moreover, lake-bottom topography has undergone a slight erosion trend within this period, with 58.2% and 41.8% of the lake-bottom area being eroded and deposited, respectively.     

Multi-frame and multi-dimensional historical digital cities: the Como example

In this article, we present the realisation of a multi-frame and multi-dimensional WebGIS that allows users to simultaneously analyse a specific portion of the Earth taking into account the historical information, too. Two graphical panels have been realised: one for the usual 2D view and one for a more realistic 3D view. Both panels display historical maps of the city, the current orthophoto and the digital topographical map. The 3D frame is based on NASA World Wind, an open source virtual globe from where 3D buildings are shown extruding the 2D shapes using their mean height. Thanks to a specifically designed graphical user interface, it is also possible to dynamically thematise the buildings on the globe according to different criteria (e.g. the construction time span) so that only the geometries fulfilling the request are turned on. Within the proposed application, a synchronisation between the two panels has been implemented, in order to maintain a constant alignment of the two viewers. The application is also open to the time dimension. In fact, assigning to each geometry two dates (e.g. ‘year of construction’ and ‘year of demolition’), it is possible to dynamically view how buildings have changed over time, both in their shape and height. Future developments of this work will concern the possibility of implementing a city model with a higher level of detail.     

灾害保障图可视化表达规律探究

探讨了灾害保障图的研究现状,基于"区域灾害系统"理论,给出了灾害保障图较为翔实的定义和分类,并着重从表达内容、表示方法、表现形式和符号设计方面对其可视化表达规律进行了探究。     

舆图数据的整理与编目——关于《重庆历史地图集第一卷·古地图》资料著录的思考

在国家大力建设数字化图书馆的背景下,笔者在《重庆历史地图集》编制过程中,总结了一套关于地方舆图整理与编目的思路,提高了实际工作的效率,并为其他城市在类似项目中提供借鉴,同时为以后建设城市变迁资料数据库打下基础。     

浅谈1：5万地形图缩编生产中的质量控制与技巧

本文根据1：5万地形图缩编生产的特点,针对1：5万地形图缩编生产及质量检查中发现的问题,做了一些分析和探讨,结合生产实践总结了一些解决质量问题的方法与技巧,对地形图生产的质量控制有一定的借鉴意义。