依靠科技进步加快经济发展

河南省煤田地质局经济的持续快速发展,得益于不断推进科技进步。表现为着力巩固发展地勘优势,使核心技术得到不断升级和创新,形成强势竞争力。科技进步的核心问题是人。尊重人才的关键是改革用人机制,用事业留人,用待遇留人,用感情留人。     

河道沿岸芦苇带对氨氮的削减特性研究

氨氮污染已成为我国江河湖库水质下降和水生态系统退化的重要因素之一.借助现场对比观测试验和理论分析的方法,研究不同季节氨氮对河流水质的影响规律,得到了雨洪初期汇流河流水质污染最为严重的结论.系统地研究了沿河岸芦苇带对氨氮的削减净化效应,得到了芦苇带吸附氨氮的主要影响因素为:芦苇生长期、水体污染物浓度、河道流速及气象条件.运用数值模拟和参数优化估算技术,确定氨氮在河道两岸有、无芦苇等植物条件下的衰减系数和削减量,分析了衰减系数的变化规律和削减量大小的影响因素,为河流水生态系统修复和水质预测预报提供科学依据.     

穿黄隧洞束窄河道对河段水沙特性的影响分析

利用建立的平面二维非恒定水流泥沙数学模型,在上游来流为10000年一遇的特大洪水过程情况下,就初步拟定的南水北调中线穿黄方案之一的孤柏嘴线路3 0km隧洞工程方案,穿黄隧洞束窄河道对河段水流流态、泥沙运动及河床变形的影响进行了计算和分析比较。计算结果表明,在该洪水过程情况下,穿黄隧洞束窄河道对河段水沙运动特性有一定影响,但影响不大。     

太平庄井地下流体动态主要干扰因素研究

通过分析多年的观测资料，认为太平庄井地下流体动态的主要干扰因素为区域地下热水开采，其次为降雨。气压的明显变化对水位、水温也有一定干扰。区域开采造成太平庄井水位、水温同步下降，氢气测值升高；降雨导致太平庄井水位上升、水温下降。     

绿色能源,世纪工程——西气东输工程

西气东输工程是国家实施西部大开发战略的重要举措.在鄂尔多斯盆地和塔里木盆地进行的大规模天然气勘探工作表明,可以为西气东输工程准备较为充分的天然气可采储量.同时,根据对河南、安徽、江苏、浙江和上海等五省市天然气需求的预测,天然气需求市场的形势良好.西气东输工程是中国境内第一条达到国际标准的大口径、高压力、长距离输气管道.通过技术攻关和高新技术的应用,西气东输工程从管材及制管、焊接、内涂敷、压缩机增压系统优化、自动化控制到流量计量和焊接的无损检测技术等方面都取得了突破性进展.西气东输工程跨越多个自然环境区和地质构造区带,在工程可行性研究中就环境保护和地质灾害的预防做了大量的研究工作,提出了一系列的保护和预防措施.     

微亮晶(臼齿)碳酸盐岩:21世纪全球地学研究的新热点

国际地质对比计划委员会批准启动了 IGCP44 7-元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩和地球演化项目 ( 2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 5 )〔1〕。本文简要地回顾了臼齿碳酸盐岩的研究历史和最新进展。臼齿碳酸盐岩是一种具有类似大象臼齿的肠状褶皱构造的岩石 ,具有特殊的时限范围 (中 -新元古代 )。试图解释其成因和可能用于古大陆地层对比是本项目研究的重要课题 ,其重要意义还在于它们是解决前寒武纪生物学和地球化学事件的关键。臼齿碳酸盐岩的发育和衰退关系到地球生命起源和海洋碳酸盐岩沉积地球化学的突变。 87Sr/86 Sr年龄同位素测定证明 ,微亮晶 (臼齿 )碳酸盐消失的时限很可能为75 0 Ma。另外 ,中 -新元古代碳酸盐岩地层具有重要的生烃潜力。     

Sea-level changes and hydrothermal sedimentary mineralization of large-superlarge ore deposits among Sinian to Triassic in South China

Among the Sinian to Triassic strata in South China, the stratiform, quasi-stratiform and lenticular metallic deposits in association with hydrothermal sedimentation mainly occur in the four periods: (1) the Sinian Datangpo interglacial period, (2) the early period of Early Cambrian, (3) the late period of Middle Devonian to early period of Late Devonian,and (4) the late period of Early Permian. The four mineralization periods all happened around the maximum flooding period in the third-order seal-level cycle during the ascending stage in the first-order sea-level cycle. The deep seawater layer, starved and non-compensatory basin, low sedimentary rate, and low energy and anoxic environment during the maximum flooding period are very suitable for the formation and preservation of large to superlarge hydrothermal sedimentary deposits. The maximum flooding period also coincided with the intensified regional tectonism, extensive deep magmatism and hydrothermal sedimentation, which provide, for the formation of large to superlarge hydrothermal sedimentary deposits through the rapid accumulation of hydrothermal sediments, the needed dynamics, ore-forming materials and favorable passway for hydrothermal fluids to enter the basin.     

Calibration of an oscillating nozzle‐type rainfall simulator

Nozzle‐type rainfall simulators are commonly used in hydrologic and soil erosion research. Simulated rainfall intensity, originating from the nozzle, increases as the distance between the point of measurement and the source is decreased. Hence, rainfall measured using rain gauges would systematically overestimate the rainfall received at the ground level. A simple model was developed to adjust rainfall measured anywhere under the simulator to plot‐wide average rainfall at the ground level. Nozzle height, plot width, gauge diameter and height, and gauge location are required to compute this adjustment factor. Results from 15 runs at different rain intensities and durations, and with different rain gauge layouts, showed that a simple average of measured rain would overestimate the plot‐wide rain by about 20 per cent. Using the adjustment factor to convert measured rainfall for individual gauges before averaging improved the estimate of plot‐wide rainfall considerably. For the 15 runs considered, overall discrepancy between actual and measured rain is reduced to less than 1 per cent with a standard error of 0·97 mm. This model can be easily tested in the ?eld by comparing rainfall depths of different sized gauges. With the adjustment factor they should all give very similar values. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Water and sediment outbursts from advanced Franz Josef Glacier,New Zealand

The Franz Josef Glacier, Westland, New Zealand, has a history of catastrophic sediment‐laden outburst ?oods associated with extreme rainfall events when the glacier toe is advanced over its own sediments. Consideration of these events and inspection of recent sediment deposits suggest that there are three distinct modes of outburst. The ?rst is associated with fans fed by over?ow along the glacier margin. As the glacier has advanced across its own fore?eld gravels, it is inferred that the primary drainage conduit has developed a reach of negative slope. In high ?ows massive boulders can block the conduit, trapping lesser clasts. The resulting backup of water causes over?ows through marginal moulins, producing the fan type of deposit. The second type of outburst deposits massive imbricated boulders at a greater or lesser distance from the glacier portal. In this case, pressure buildup drives the blockage out of the portal where the boulders deposit. Smaller materials are generally carried away. The third type consists of very shallow ?ows, and produces massive gravel deposits of uncertain provenance. In this condition, the excess pressure in the conduit results in slight uplift of the glacier and widespread discharge of water and sediment below the glacier snout; gravels and smaller sediments are laid down in a massive deposit across the fore?eld. The massive, boulder‐veneered deposit from the December 1995 outburst is interpreted in the light of the above mechanisms as a hyperconcentrated ?ow deposit from hydraulic jacking, overlain by boulders emplaced by a subsequent conduit outburst. A possible association of outbursts with the present advanced position of the glacier is suggested. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

对测绘个别名词术语英文对应词的商讨

提出了对测绘辞书中个别汉语名词术语所附英文词的修改意见或建议，与测绘界同行商讨。