基于遥感影像的北部湾金滩变化研究

以北部湾金滩砂质海滩为研究区域,以2000～2008年的28景Landsat-ETM+为数据源,通过多时相遥感影像水边线高程技术确定地形坡度,计算出金滩海滩高程变化、淤涨速度,得出坡度为2.3%,海滩同高程水边线向海方向推移速度为2.7 m/a,高程变化为+0.068 m/a。通过本研究,将从整体上把握北部湾金滩的变化特征,为开发建设金滩提供了参考依据。     

沿淮地区秋季连阴雨综合指数构建及其变化特征

基于安徽省沿淮地区10个国家气象站1960-2019年观测资料、灾情资料和7种地方连阴雨监测指标,在评估7种地方指标适用性的基础上,采用加权综合指数法和线性趋势法,构建了沿淮地区秋季连阴雨综合指数,分析了时空变化特征。结果表明:江苏指标对沿淮地区连阴雨监测的适用性最好,连阴雨综合指数由连阴雨总日数、连阴雨总降水量线性组成,权重分别为0.8和0.2。按照综合指数,将连阴雨强度分成重度、中度、轻度3级,分级结果与灾情实况较吻合,重度连阴雨和中度连阴雨TS评分分别为100%、88.9%。秋季连阴雨在20世纪70年代到80年代前期及近10年发生频率高、强度大,尤其是2016年和2017年的连阴雨,强度居历史前2位。沿淮地区连阴雨年数东部和西部的多于中部的,重度连阴雨阜南的最多,五河的最少。     

基于JSCORS的区域电离层时空特征分析

本文利用JSCORS中心提供的连续两天的GPS观测数据,以及现有的提取垂直电离层延迟改正VTEC的软件,采用格网技术和常规单层VTEC模型,内插计算出区域格网的时空数据,对所得数据进行处理分析,得出了江苏南京附近大气层中电离层较为明显的特征。文章总结了该区域电离层的时空变化特征,为后续研究电离层更加细化的特征及其在各方面的应用等提供了依据。     

Relationship Between East Asian Winter Monsoon and Summer Monsoon

Using National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Centre for Atmospheric Research(NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data and monthly Hadley Center sea surface temperature(SST) data,and selecting a representative East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM) index,this study investigated the relationship between EAWM and East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) using statistical analyses and numerical simulations.Some possible mechanisms regarding this relationship were also explored.Results indicate a close relationship between EAWM and EASM:a strong EAWM led to a strong EASM in the following summer,and a weak EAWM led to a weak EASM in the following summer.Anomalous EAWM has persistent impacts on the variation of SST in the tropical Indian Ocean and the South China Sea,and on the equatorial atmospheric thermal anomalies at both lower and upper levels.Through these impacts,the EAWM influences the land-sea thermal contrast in summer and the low-level atmospheric divergence and convergence over the Indo-Pacific region.It further affects the meridional monsoon circulation and other features of the EASM.Numerical simulations support the results of diagnostic analysis.The study provides useful information for predicting the EASM by analyzing the variations of preceding EAWM and tropical SST.     

江苏地区地电场变化特征与差异性分析

处理、分析了江苏省4个台的地电场日变化资料,结合地磁场水平分量H、线应变理论固体潮,研究了地电场日变化特征和差异,得到：（1）4个台地电场日变化明显,主要以12小时的半日波成分最强,8小时周期和全日波成分次之;（2）地电场日变化存在地磁场和固体潮影响。靠近海边及湖泊的台站,受固体潮的影响较为明显,各方向还具有明显的固体潮半月波,但没有像固体潮一样大小的波;而远离江、海、湖的一些台站观测到的地电场日变与地磁水平分量比较相关,其差异性与台站的位置、电性结构有关系。     

克孜尔水库跨断层形变年变特征分析

通过对克孜尔水库跨断层形变特征进行分析,结果显示:①垂直形变每年3～4月、10～11月分别为峰、谷值时间;水平形变每年6～7月、1月分别为峰、谷值时间.②垂直变形的峰-谷时间间隔在1997年之前多为5～8个月,1998年后多为1～3个月;谷-峰值时间间隔在1997年前多为4～7个月,1998年后多在8～11个月.水平形...     

首都圈地区卫星热红外亮温变化特征研究

利用1999年和2003-2006年共5年的NOAA卫星热红外遥感数据,对北京及周边地区的热红外影像特征和红外亮温年变特征进行了跟踪观测、统计分析与对比研究.结果表明:①不同地质构造单元,特别是线性断裂构造在热红外影像上有清晰的显示,通过不同时期红外影像的对比研究可以很好地揭示断裂构造的空间展布及规模形态,为活动构造研...     

文蛤（Meretrix meretrix）4个壳色花纹品系的遗传差异分析

应用AFLP技术对文蛤红壳（RS）、黑斑（BS）、细纹（TC）、暗纹（DF）4个壳色花纹品系进行遗传差异分析。利用15对AFLP引物组合对4品系共128个个体进行了PCR扩增和电泳检测,共得到789个位点,总多态位点比例90．75％。Nei’s基因多样性和Shannon’s信息指数显示,4个品系的遗传多样性大小,依次为...     

南黄海西部36°N断面生态环境特征及其季节变化

重点研究了南黄海西部36°N断面水文、生源要素的四季变化特征,阐明了该断面诸参数四季变化的主控因素,并以此反映和指示了与其相关海域的生态环境特征.结果表明:黄海冷水团及黄海暖流具有季节性演替变化规律;秋季跃层以下水体是一部分夏季冷水团残留水和黄海暖流水的混合水;断面西侧在四季均存在小范围的低盐冷水现象(即青岛冷水团),...     

Latitudinal variation in the aerial/aquatic ratio of oxygen consumption of a supratidal high rocky‐shore crab

The colonisation of the terrestrial environment by crustaceans is more apparent in tropical latitudes because of the high diversity of semi‐terrestrial and terrestrial crabs. However, in temperate regions there are also great numbers of crustaceans that inhabit ecological niches at the water–air interface. Grapsidae crabs (Decopoda) are especially important in studies of water‐to‐land transition as the family contains species occupying the intertidal and adjacent regions. A way to evaluate the ability of intertidal invertebrates to breathe air is to measure the aerial/aquatic oxygen consumption ratio. The objective of this study was to test the effect of thermal variation on the aquatic and aerial metabolism. We selected as study model the decopoda crab Cyclograpsus cinereus Dana and utilised five populations of the species spread over 2000 km along the Chilean coast. To determine the compensation capacity in respiration with respect to latitude, we evaluated metabolic rate at the same temperature in a common garden design in the laboratory, to examine the extent to which variation in crab physiology is environmentally determined. Whereas in our study, m_b (body mass) varied significantly with latitude, the difference in mass‐independent metabolism both in air and water persisted, indicating that observed differences in MR (Metabolic Rate) were not an effect of differences in body size. We demonstrated that C. cinereus is able to breath oxygen from air and water as expected for an amphibious crab. Almost all the studied populations of C. cinereus show a aerial/aquatic metabolism ratio near 1. The pattern found indicates an increase in metabolic rate, both aerial and aquatic, in low latitudes and therefore does not support the latitudinal compensation hypothesis for temperate habitats. Finally, these kinds of studies are required to make the necessary link between ecological physiology and macroecology and to help develop a global understanding of organismal function in marine systems.