The impact of cropland conversion on environmental effect in the Loess Plateau：a pilot study based on the national experimental bases

1 Introduction The soilerosion in Loess Plateau is mostserious on the globe mainly due to the destroying of naturalvegetation and cultivation on slope land overextensive areas(Yang and Yu,1992;Jiang, 1997).To convertsloping cropland (cropped land on slope…     

Seasonal variation of polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in the southern part of the Baltic Sea

The impact of seasonal fluctuations in forcing factors such as atmospheric concentration, temperature, and biological productivity on the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the surface water of the southern part of the Baltic Sea was investigated. Water samples were collected on eight cruises over 2 years. A clear seasonal variability in dissolved PCB concentrations was observed with higher levels in summer than in winter and spring. This was attributed to changes in atmospheric concentrations and water temperature, based on measurements showing the PCB levels in the atmosphere and surface water to be close to a partitioning equilibrium. Concentrations in the suspended particulate material (SPM) fraction were also variable, and when the quotient of the organic carbon normalised concentration in SPM and the dissolved concentration was calculated (i.e., the bioaccumulation factor (BAF)), a seasonal pattern was observed which was consistent with kinetic limitations on partitioning into particles caused by plankton growth. However, seasonal variability in the partitioning properties of the SPM may also contribute to this variability.     

MapGIS数据向ArcGIS数据格式转换方法的实践与探讨

由于在地图编辑和数据分析方面各具优势,MapGIS和ArcGIS逐渐发展成为目前国内被广泛使用的地理信息系统平台,实现二者间数据安全转换将有利于对两种系统功能的充分利用,大大提高空间数据库的生产效率和使用率。在分析比较两种系统空间建模思想及专有数据格式的基础上,提出了将空间数据从MapGIS平台转换到ArcGIS平台上的基本思路,并通过工作实例进行了数据转换验证,对过程中存在的问题进行了总结,形成了一套较为成熟的技术方法。     

The relation of seasonal pattern in stable carbon compositions to meteorological variables in the leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sabina</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">przewalskii</Emphasis> Kom. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sabina chinensis</Emphasis> (Lin.) Ant.

The seasonal variation of foliar δ¹³C values in Sabina przewalskii Kom. and Sabina chinensis (Lin.) Ant. was measured. The relationships between foliar δ¹³C values and branch δ¹³C values as well as environmental factors (monthly total precipitation, monthly average air temperature, monthly average soil temperature, monthly total solar duration, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, vapor pressure, wind speed and potential evaporation) were investigated. The results showed that the foliar δ¹³C values were negatively correlated with air pressure, and positively correlated with air temperature, precipitation, vapor pressure, potential evaporation, solar duration, wind speed and soil temperature. No significant relationship between δ¹³C values and relative humidity was detected. This demonstrates that the foliar δ¹³C of Sabina is a successful empirical indictor of these meteorological factors within the usual range of C₃ whole-leaf δ¹³C values. Furthermore, the δ¹³C signature of leaf tissue is similar to that of wood tissue and the responses of δ¹³C values in S. przewalskii Kom. to environmental factors are also relatively stronger than that of S. chinensis (Lin.) Ant. These results provided strong evidence that it is feasible to extract climatic information from tree-ring δ¹³C series and S. przewalskii Kom. is a dendroclimatologically promising tree species.     

MAPSTORE与ARC／INFO数据转换的方法研究

GIS空间数据具有多源性的特征，为数据综合利用和数据共享带来不便，解决多格式数据源集成一直是近年来GIS应用系统开发中需要解决的重要问题。ARC／INFO软件是当前众多地理信息系统软件中功能最强、市场占有率最高的软件。E00格式作为一种空间数据转换的事实上的标准，对于自主版权的GIS软件MapStore来说，实现两者的数据转换具有重要意义。本文分析了MapStore与ARC／INFO空间数据模型的组织特征，在比较分析的基础上设计了转换方案，并就实现过程中的关键技术进行了论述。     

数字正射影像坐标系变换及精度分析

现有数字地图产品基于两种主要坐标系，但是数字地图在各个领域的应用需要不同坐标系的产品。随着遥感以及计算机技术的发展，数字正射影像在其他领域有了广泛的应用需求。本文介绍了坐标系变换的原理，对坐标系以及数字正射影像坐标系变换的方法进行了阐述，论述了其实现过程及方法，最后进行了相应的精度分析。     

Comparative study of dissolution rate-determining mechanisms of limestone and dolomite

The dissolution rate-determining processes of carbonate rocks include: (1) heterogeneous reactions on rock surfaces; (2) mass transport of ions into solution from rock surfaces via diffusion; and (3) the conversion reaction of CO₂ into H⁺ and HCO ₃ ⁻ . Generally, it is the slowest of these three processes that limits the dissolution rate of carbonate rock. However, from experiment and theoretical analysis under similar conditions not only were the initial dissolution rates of dolomite lower by a factor of 3–60 than those of limestone, but also there are different dissolution rate-determining mechanisms between limestone and dolomite. For example, for limestone under the condition of CO₂ partial pressures dissolution rates increased significantly by a factor of about ten after addition of carbonic anhydrase (CA) into solution, which catalysed the conversation reaction of CO₂, whereas CA had little influence on dolomite dissolution. For dolomite, the increase of dissolution rate after addition of CA into solution appeared at Moreover, the enhancement factor of CA on dolomite dissolution rate was much lower (by a factor of about 3). In addition, when dissolution of both limestone and dolomite was determined by hydrodynamics (rotation speed or flow speed), especially under the dissolution of limestone was more sensitive to hydrodynamic change than that of dolomite. These findings are of significance in understanding the differences in karstification and relevant problems of resource and environment in dolomite and limestone areas.     

Geological conditions of coal and gas(oil)-bearing basins in China

Coal is the richest fossil fuel in the world. Theby-product formed during incoalation is gas that iscomposed primarily of methane (CH4)[1,2]. This gascan generally be named coal measure gas. Accordingto the occurrence conditions, coal measure gas can befurther divided into humic gas and coal-bed methane.Humic gas refers to coal measure gas that generatesfrom the coal measure source rocks (coal and dark-coloured argillaceous rocks in coal measures), and canbe expelled and migrate into various …     

混频电路在GPS接收机射频前端中的应用

简单介绍了混频电路频率变换的概念、常用的几种简单的混频电路和设计混频电路要考虑的几个性能参数，详细阐述了GPS接收机射频前端电路中的下变频设计。     

承压水井水位固体潮扩散方程的解和含水层参数的求定

本文在求解承压水井水位固体潮的扩散方程时增加了井孔压力的边界条件，使扩散方程更符合实际情况，从而得到在理论上更为完善的起潮力位与水位固体潮之间的关系式。文中讨论了气压作用于承压含水层的水力扩散方程和气压对水位固体潮的影响，导出了相位滞后与含水层参数的解析式，为求解含水层参数建立了基础。根据水位固体潮观测资料和气压观测资料，在给定地球模型的勒夫数的情况下，全面地解决了求定观测井含水层参数的方法，并给出了一个实际算例。