地脉动频谱特性在探究场地评价中的应用

运用单点谱比法对地脉动频谱特性进行分析,根据频谱类型分类结果给出场地卓越周期建议值。在已有钻孔资料基础上,建立卓越周期与覆盖层厚度间的相关关系,并通过实际的工程数据验证了二者关系式的准确性和普适性。由于地脉动观测具有经济、简单、快捷的优点,可将其运用到不宜进行钻孔勘探的复杂场地,从而为该地区工程场地地震安全评价和地震小区划、场地类别划分、场地选择和评价提供基础资料。     

阻尼系数对瞬变电磁观测信号的影响特征

通过对瞬变电磁接收线圈等效电路的深入分析,研究了接收系统分布参数与阻尼系数之间的关系,研究了不同阻尼系数瞬变电磁接收系统的性能特征：幅频特性、截止频率、冲激响应及阶跃响应,探讨了接收系统对地下地质体瞬变响应信号的影响特征,最后给出了实时计算临界阻尼电阻的方法.     

强震作用下多层土质边坡破坏规律与变形特征

通过对汶川地震受灾区北川县陈家坝地区的地质灾害调查,根据现场松散土质边坡破坏情况,由工程地质类比法选择了计算模型和地震波,采用岩土弹塑性理论和FLAC3D软件分析了多层土质边坡在动荷载作用下边坡单元的剪切拉伸破坏和剪切应变动力响应规律。研究表明,在水平和竖直地震波联合作用下,地震边坡单元首先在坡体内产生剪切破坏。随着震动时间的增加,剪切破坏单元向坡脚和坡肩处延伸,而在坡肩处主要产生拉破坏,一旦剪切破坏面和拉破坏面贯通,将导致边坡失稳。强震过后边坡坡脚鼓出,坡肩下凹,整个坡体呈弧形破坏。      

Soil microbial population dynamics along a chronosequence of moist evergreen broad-leaved forest succession in southwestern China

Little is known about whether soil microbial population dynamics are correlated with forest succession.To test the hypotheses that(1) soil microbial composition changes over successional stages,and(2) soil microbial diversity is positively correlated with plant species diversity,we determined the soil microbial populations,community composition,and microflora diversity in evergreen broad-leaved forests along a chronosequence of vegetation succession from 5 to 300 years in southwestern China.The soil microbi...     

陕西大理河流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应

近年来,土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应研究已成为国际的前沿和重点。在大理河流域,LUCC(包括水土保持措施)对水循环和水量平衡产生了深远影响,该流域LUCC水文效应的研究势在必行。根据研究区1990年代三期土地利用数据分析了LUCC的时空变化特征,采用特征变量时间序列法及降水-径流模型对LUCC水文效应进行了研究。结果表明:流域土地利用类型以耕地和草地为主,近10年来,耕地和草地面积有所减少,而林地和建设用地面积持续增加;流域年径流和月径流演化过程均表现出明显的下降趋势;LUCC及水土保持具有减少流域年径流、汛期流量以及增加枯季流量的作用,相对于降水因素,人类活动对流域水文的作用占主导地位;在1990~2000年期间,主要由LUCC引起的年均径流减少量达2616.6×10⁴ m³,占该期间实测减水总量的62.19%。     

荆门非饱和膨胀土的变形与强度特性试验研究

通过压力板试验,对比分析了荆门原状膨胀土与石灰改良土持水特征的差异性;应用非饱和土三轴仪,开展了原状膨胀土、石灰改良膨胀土与重塑膨胀土的变形及强度特性试验。结果表明：①石灰改良膨胀土与原状膨胀土相比,其进气值有显著降低,残余含水率显著升高,土-水特征曲线两个特征点的斜率较为平缓,说明其水稳定性较好,土体性状更为稳定;②原状膨胀土和石灰改良膨胀土在非饱和与饱和状态的应力-应变关系曲线均呈应变软化型,随净围压的增大,应变软化的程度趋缓;随含水率的减小,峰值应力增大,应力峰值点有所提前,应变软化现象更加显著。饱和重塑膨胀土的应力-应变关系呈应变强化型,非饱和重塑膨胀土则呈现为应变软化型,但其应变软化的程度较前两类土大为趋缓;③经石灰改性后,膨胀土强度参数值有大幅度提高,即使在湿化饱和后,石灰改良膨胀土仍保持了相对稳定的力学性质和较高的抗剪强度参数值。相比之下,无论是重塑膨胀土,还是原状膨胀土,对湿化作用均十分敏感,其强度参数值或波动较大,或整体水平较低。     

非饱和土土-水特征曲线的温度效应

基于热力学的理论,利用van Genuchten的土-水特征曲线表达式,建立了一种能考虑温度影响的土-水特征曲线方程,并给出了推导过程。该表达式综合考虑了温度对表面张力和浸润系数的影响。相对于根据试验数据拟合的表达式,该表达式具有更加坚实的理论基础,更具适用性和一般性。选用MX-80斑脱土和黄土土样的试验结果,将该方程预测结果和试验结果进行了比较;可以看到,所提出的方程能较好地反映非饱和土土-水特征曲线随温度而变化的情况。     

宁夏石嘴山和固原大地电场资料对比分析

处理分析了2008年1~11月宁夏石嘴山和固原地震台大地电场资料,对比研究了这两个台大地电场静日变化、干扰变化及它们的频谱特性等。石嘴山和固原地震台大地电场的变化特征:①具有明显的峰谷型静日变化形态,都含有12、24、8 h等3种主周期成份;②地电暴记录清晰可见,主要以变幅增大、时间同步为特征,但两台地电暴时频谱成份存在差异;③干扰变化特征均表现为短时突跳,变幅增大。     

Effective typhoon characteristics and their effects on hourly reservoir inflow forecasting

This paper describes the identification of effective typhoon characteristics and the development of a new type of hourly reservoir inflow forecasting model with the effective typhoon characteristics. Firstly, a comparison of support vector machines (SVMs), which is a novel kind of neural networks (NNs), and back-propagation networks (BPNs) is made to select an appropriate NN-based model. The results show that SVM-based models are more appropriate than BPN-based models because of their higher accuracy and much higher efficiency. In addition, effective typhoon characteristics for improving forecasting performance are identified from all the collected typhoon information. Then the effective typhoon characteristics (the position of the typhoon and the distance between the typhoon center and the reservoir) are added to the proposed SVM-based models. Next, a performance comparison of models with and without effective typhoon characteristics is conducted to clearly highlight the effects of effective typhoon characteristics on hourly reservoir inflow forecasting. To reach a just conclusion, the performance is evaluated by cross validation, and the improvement in performance due to the addition of effective typhoon characteristics is tested by paired comparison t-tests at the 5% significance level. The results confirm that effective typhoon characteristics do improve the forecasting performance and the improvement increases with increasing lead-time, especially when the rainfall data are not available. For four- to six-hour ahead forecasts, the improvement due to the addition of effective typhoon characteristics increases from 3% to 18% and from 10% to 113% for Categories I (rainfall data are available) and II (rainfall data are not available), respectively. In conclusion, effective typhoon characteristics are recommended as key inputs for reservoir inflow forecasting during typhoons. The proposed SVM-based models with effective typhoon characteristics are expected to provide more accurate forecasts than BPN-based models. The proposed modeling technique is also expected to be useful to support reservoir operation systems and other disaster warning systems.