1994年西太平洋副高异常变化及其成因分析

对１９９４年副高的异常气候特征及其原因进行了分析，结果表明，１９９４年副高强度异常强，季节性北跳早，盛夏位置稳定北，副高的这些特点除了气候背景的影响外，主要与海气相互作用有关。同也，也讨论了副高异常对海温距平场的影响。     

Taylor定理余项中θ的渐近性和拓广

给出带有m-1项断裂项n+m阶Taylor定理余项中θ的渐近估计,其估计式为 .利用该估计式将Taylor定理推广为 ,其中余项 .最后举例说明该推广在近似计算中的优越性。     

冀中坳陷霸县凹陷文安斜坡沙三段储层特征及有效储层控制因素

综合运用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、物性分析等技术方法,系统分析了文安斜坡沙三段储层岩石学特征、成岩作用特征及储集特征。研究表明,文安斜坡沙三段储层岩石类型以岩屑长石砂岩为主,杂基含量低,成分成熟度和结构成熟度中等;储集空间以原生孔隙为主,占总孔隙的72.81%,储集物性较差,属中低孔-低渗特低渗储层;储层主要经历了压实作用/早期碳酸盐胶结→长石、岩屑溶解/石英次生加大/高岭石充填→石英溶解/碳酸盐胶结→黄铁矿胶结。在有效储层物性下限计算的基础上,选取孔隙度差值作为参数,系统分析了有效储层控制因素。有效储层的形成主要受沉积微相、粒度、分选、成岩作用以及地层压力控制。水下分流河道和河口坝微相中碎屑颗粒越粗,分选越好,杂基含量越少,有效储层越发育;胶结作用对储层物性的控制较明显,是影响中深层储层物性的主要因素;溶蚀作用主要表现为长石等硅酸盐矿物的溶蚀,平均增孔量3.42%;早期地层超压抑制压实作用,保护孔隙,是有效储层发育的有利因素。     

临汾盆地果场地裂缝成因机理分析

地裂缝是临汾盆地主要的地质灾害之一, 自20世纪70年代盆地开始出现地裂缝以来, 至2012年8月共发现86条地裂缝。本文以临汾盆地内部典型地裂缝临汾果场地裂缝为研究对象, 详细地论述了地裂缝发育的地质环境背景。利用野外调查、测量、槽探、钻探和物理勘探等地质手段, 主要研究了地裂缝的发育特征, 包括平面特征、灾害特征、浅部剖面结构特征和深部特征4个方面, 总结了地裂缝的活动规律。发现果场地裂缝平面延伸长, 宽度大, 走向稳定, 灾害严重; 浅表层上宽下窄, 呈喇叭状, 深部结构显示地裂缝下伏隐伏断层, 地裂缝活动受降雨控制。通过分析影响地裂缝形成的各个因素:盆地构造、超采地下水和强降雨, 将果场地裂缝的形成分为3个阶段:孕育阶段、出露阶段和扩展阶段; 最后概化了果场地裂缝的成因机理:构造孕缝、抽水诱缝和降雨扩缝。     

祁雨沟金矿自然金的标型特征及其找矿意义

本文以２８００粒自然金的研究为基础，系统讨论了自然金的标型特征。研究指出：本矿床应具较大规模，矿区内除Ｊ＿２、Ｊ＿４角砾岩体外，其余几个角砾岩体也应有一定远景，｛１１１｝、｛１１１｝＋｛１００｝、｛１１０｝的出现可指示富矿地段，自然金晶体形态的空间分带规律可确定（岩）矿体的剥蚀深度及评价外围角砾岩体的含矿性及远景；自然金中Ｂｉ可做为找矿评价的指示元素。     

THE EFFECTS OF STATION NETWORK DENSITY ON STATISTICAL ANALYSES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE PRECIPITATION

In this paper, 1416 conventional ground-based meteorological observation stations on the mainland of China were subdivided into groups of differing spatial density. Data from each subgroup were then used to analyze variations in the tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation statistics derived from each subgroup across the mainland of China (excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao), as well as in two regions (east China and south China) and three provinces (Guangdong, Hainan, and Jiangxi) between 1981 and 2010. The results showed that for the mainland of China, total precipitation, mean annual precipitation, mean daily precipitation, and its spatial distribution were the same regardless of the spatial density of the stations. However, some minor differences were evident with respect to precipitation extremes and their spatial distribution. Overall, there were no significant variations in the TC precipitation statistics calculated from different station density schemes for the mainland of China. The regional and provincial results showed no significant differences in mean daily precipitation, but this was not the case for the maximum daily precipitation and torrential rain frequency. The maximum daily precipitation calculated from the lower-density station data was slightly less than that based on the higher-density station schemes, and this effect should be taken into consideration when interpreting regional climate statistics. The impact of station density on TC precipitation characteristics was more obvious for Hainan than for Guangdong or Jiangxi provinces. In addition, the effects were greater for south China (including Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Guangdong, and Hainan provinces) than east China (including Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian, Anhui, and Jiangxi provinces). Furthermore, the analysis proved that the statistical climatic characteristics began to change significantly when the station spacing was between 40 and 50 km, which are close to the mean spacing for all stations across the mainland of China. Moreover, TC areal precipitation parameters, including mean total areal precipitation and mean daily areal precipitation, also began to change significantly when the spacing was between 40 and 50 km, and were completely different when it was between 100 and 200 km.     

中国东部夏季极端降水统计特征及其与El Nio的联系

选取中国东部1961—2012年夏季5—9月无缺测429站逐日降水资料,利用广义帕雷托分布(GPD)拟合,研究中国东部52 a以及El Nio发展年和衰减年极端降水的统计特征,并分析其成因。结果表明:1)中国东部降水阈值呈由东南向西北递减的态势,且基本为线性增加趋势。2)华南地区尺度参数最大,出现极端降水的概率大。黄河以南地区尺度参数变化趋势正值较多,出现极端降水的概率增加。3)El Nio发展年夏季,西太平洋上有气旋环流异常,中国东南部受气旋西侧的异常偏北气流影响,多地阈值偏小,只有福建东南部及黑龙江中西部易发生破纪录的极端降水。4)El Nio衰减年夏季,西太平洋上为异常反气旋环流,中国东南部受反气旋西侧的异常偏南气流影响,多地阈值偏大,广东中东部及皖鄂赣交界处发生洪涝灾害的可能性增大。     

Seasonal diet of black-backed jackal in the Eastern Karoo,South Africa

The ability of small canids to consume a variety of resources in an opportunistic manner has been cited as a reason for their wide distribution across many habitats. Black-backed jackals Canis mesomelas have varied diets that reflect changes in food availability as a result of seasonal fluctuations in resources. Seasonal fluctuations can include variations in food type availability, as well as variations in the phenology of food resources (i.e. ungulate birth peaks). Additionally, the presence of apex predators can affect opportunistic predator diets through the provision of carrion. We investigated the diet of black-backed jackals on a reserve in the semi-arid Karoo, South Africa. Ungulates (>5 kg) were the dominant prey item across all seasons, reflecting either active predation or scavenging. Most seasonal comparisons in percent occurrence of prey groups revealed significant seasonal fluctuations in black-backed jackal diet. However, in terms of biomass consumed, the diet remained stable, dominated by small ungulates across all seasons with no clear seasonal change in ungulate composition. These results suggest that in this study black-backed jackals, although being opportunistic in terms of diet composition, had a seasonally stable food resource, most likely facilitated by the presence of cheetahs Acinonyx jubatus providing scavenging opportunities.     

桩端后注浆对大直径灌注桩影响的现场对比试验研究

基于郑州三环快速路工程开展的6个场地19根大直径灌注桩现场足尺试验,通过对比分析后注浆桩与未注浆桩实测结果,研究桩端后注浆对大直径灌注桩承载变形性状、荷载传递规律、桩端承载特性及桩侧摩阻力发挥性状的影响。结果表明,桩端后注浆条件下大直径灌注桩承载变形性能明显提高,且提高幅度受注浆龄期影响较为显著;在黄河中下游以中密～密实粉土、粉细砂及可塑～硬塑粉质黏土为主要冲积地层中桩长40 m左右的大直径灌注桩表现为摩擦型桩,但相比于未注浆桩,桩端后注浆桩传递至桩身下部及桩端的荷载更小;桩端后注浆在桩端下形成水泥沉渣坚硬固结体,有效地处理了桩端沉渣问题,且通过渗透劈裂作用,形成深度可达1 m的网状分布的水泥胶结体,加之对桩端土层的压密效应,显著提高了桩端支承性能与承载刚度;桩端后注浆显著提高大直径灌注桩桩侧极限摩阻力发挥水平,并降低了桩侧极限摩阻力对应的桩土相对位移,使得大直径灌注桩在较小的沉降下表现出较高的承载能力。     

中国二八面体含铝蒙皂石矿物化学和晶体化学的特征

通过对我国６４个二八面体含铝蒙皂石矿物化学及晶体化学数据的统计分析，研究了它们的矿物化学及晶体化学的基本特征，并得出八面体组分是影响蒙皂石矿物学及物理化学性质的主要因素，在此基础上，利用ＡｌＡｌ－ＡｌＦｅ－ＡｌＭｇ三角图划分了我国二八面体含铝蒙皂石的晶体化学类型，并对原分类图进行了模式化处理，使ＡｌＡｌ－ＡｌＦｅ－ＡｌＭｇ图更具实际意义，蒙皂石的阳离子交换容量与晶体化学模型有对应性，并受八面体三价