1951年以来中国无霜期的变化趋势

准确界定无霜期及初、终霜日的时空变化是减少气候变化对农业生产的危害、有效提升农业适应性的重要内容。根据1951年以来国内824个气象站点日最低气温资料,分析初、终霜日和无霜期在全国的分布特征,采用累积距平和线性倾向估计模拟三者的变化趋势,并对无霜期进行突变检验。结果显示：① 中国无霜期随纬度增加或海拔升高而减少,无霜期的年际波动幅度随纬度增加或随海拔降低而减少。② 中国80%以上区域呈现初霜日推后、终霜日提前和无霜期延长的趋势,且三者的变化幅度均是北方大于南方、东部大于西部。③ 中国多数农区无霜期延长是初霜日推后和终霜日提前共同影响,而西南区和长江中下游区部分地区无霜期延长是初霜日的推后幅度大于终霜日的推后幅度或终霜日的提前幅度大于初霜日的提前幅度。④ 中国过半区域无霜期在1980s和1990s发生突变。突变集中分布在东北区中西部、内蒙及长城沿线区、黄淮海区、青藏区和甘新区;突变时间上,东部农区和西部农区无霜期分别在1980s和1990s突变。     

The boreal spring stratospheric final warming and its interannual and interdecadal variability

Based on the daily NCEP/DOE reanalysis II data,dates of the boreal spring Stratospheric Final Warming(SFW) events during 1979–2010 are defined as the time when the zonal-mean zonal wind at the central latitudes(65°–75°N) of the westerly polar jet drops below zero and never recovers until the subsequent autumn.It is found that the SFW events occur successively from the mid to the lower stratosphere and averagely from the mid to late April with a temporal lag of about 13 days from 10 to 50 hPa.Over the past 32 years,the earliest SFW occurs in mid March whereas the latest SFW happens in late May,showing a clear interannual variability of the time of SFW.Accompanying the SFW onset,the stratospheric circulation transits from a winter dynamical regime to a summertime state,and the maximum negative tendency of zonal wind and the strongest convergence of planetary-wave are observed.Composite results show that the early/late SFW events in boreal spring correspond to a quicker/slower transition of the stratospheric circulation,with the zonal-mean zonal wind reducing about 20/5 m s-1 at 30 hPa within 10 days around the onset date.Meanwhile,the planetary wave activities are relatively strong/weak associating with an out-of-/in-phase circumpolar circulation anomaly before and after the SFW events in the stratosphere.All these results indicate that,the earlier breakdown of the stratospheric polar vortex(SPV),as for the winter stratospheric sudden warming(SSW) events is driven mainly by wave forcing;and in contrast,the later breakdown of the SPV exhibits more characteristics of its seasonal evolution.Nevertheless,after the breakdown of SPV,the polar temperature anomalies always exhibit an out-of-phase relationship between the stratosphere and the troposphere for both the early and late SFW events,which implies an intimate stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling in spring.In addition,there exists a remarkable interdecadal change of the onset time of SFW in the mid 1990s.On average,the SFW onset time before the mid 1990s is 11 days earlier than that afterwards,corresponding to the increased/decreased planetary wave activities in late winter-early spring before/after the 1990s.     

The spatio-temporal variations of frost-free period in China from 1951 to 2012

The frost-free period(FFP)first frost date(FFD) and last frost date(LFD) have been regard as the important climate variables for agricultural production. Understanding the spatio-temporal variations of the FFPFFD and LFD is beneficial to reduce the harmful impacts of climate change on agricultural production and enhance the agricultural adaptation. This study examined daily minimum temperatures for 823 national-level meteorological stationscalculated the values of FFDLFD and FFP for station-specific and region-specific from 1951 to 2012estimated the gradients of linear regression for station-specific moving averages of FFDLFD and FFPand assessed station-specific time series of FFP and detected the abrupt change. The results as follows: at both the station level and the regional levelthe FFP across China decreases with the increase of latitude from south to northand with the increase of altitude from east to west generally. At the station levelthe inter-annual fluctuations of FFDLFD and FFP in south and west agricultural regions are greater than those in north and east. At the regional levelexcluding the QT regiontemporal changes of FFP are relatively small in both the low-latitude and the high-latitude regionsbut for the mid-latitude regions. According to the linear trend gradients of the moving average values of station-specific FFDLFD and FFPFFD was delayedLFD advancedand FFP extended gradually over the 80% of China. Furthermorethe change magnitudes for FFDLFD and FFP in the north and east agricultural regions are higher than that in the southern and western. Among the 659 station-specific time series of FFP examined by the Mann-Kendall test341 stationslocated mainly in the north regionhave one identifiable and significant abrupt change. And at the 341 stations with identified abrupt changesmost(57%) abrupt changes occurred during 1991–2012followed by the periods of 1981–1990(28%)1971–1980(12%)and 1951–1970(3%). The spatio-temporal variations of FFDLFD and FFP would provide important guidance to agricultural practices.     

扰动动能与平均动能转换率及其角动量涡旋输送与新疆暴风雪过程的关系

用1995年5月至1999年4月KWBC北半球500 hPa高度场5°×5°客观分析资料,应用谐波分析把等压面高度场沿纬圈作富利叶级数展开,计算逐日25°~80°N每隔5°纬度递增的沿纬圈的扰动动能与平均动能转换率(E)、角动量涡旋输送(RM),分析了E和RM的年、季分布特征及其与新疆暴风雪过程的关系.结果表明:E和RM具有显著的季节变化和周期性;E的正高值中心与新疆暴风雪过程有较好的关系,出现E正高值中心的日期作为预报指标日,其后3~6 d新疆将出现暴风雪天气过程,出现RM负低值中心的日期作为预报指标日,其后3~8 d新疆有暴风雪过程发生;当E的正高值中心和RM的负值中心同时出现时,更确定了新疆暴风雪过程出现的可能性.     

黑龙江省43a初霜冻时空特征分析及对主要作物安全成熟的影响

本文对黑龙江省近43a初霜冻趋势时空特征进行了分析，在空间上，全省平均每10a向北推移1-2d：在时间上，年变化推迟0．094d，43a来平均推迟约4d。根据黑龙江省各主要作物成熟期的时空分布情况，讨论了初霜冻对主要作物安全成熟的影响。     

Basalt and tonalite from the Amami Plateau, northern West Philippine Basin: New Early Cretaceous ages and geochemical results, and their petrologic and tectonic implications

Abstract Basalts and tonalites dredged from the Amami Plateau in the northern West Philippine Basin have the geochemical characteristics of intraoceanic island arc rocks: low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.70297–0.70310), intermediate ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.51288–0.51292), moderate light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment (La/Yb = 4.1–6.6) and high La/Nb (1.4–4.3). The incremental heating of hornblende from tonalites yielded well‐defined plateaus and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar isochron ages of 115.8 ± 0.5 Ma and 117.0 ± 1.1 Ma, while plagioclase yielded disturbed Ar release patterns, with ages ranging from 70 to 112 Ma. Taken together, these results show that the Amami Plateau was formed by subduction‐related magmatism in the Early Cretaceous period, earlier than indicated by prior K/Ar results. The results support tectonic models in which the West Philippine Basin was opened within a complex of Jurassic–Paleocene island arc terranes, which are now scattered in the northern West Philippine Basin, the Philippine Islands and Halmahera. The Amami Plateau tonalites and basalts have higher Sr/Y and lower Y and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr compared with younger tonalitic rocks from the northern Kyushu–Palau Ridge and the Tanzawa complex, which were formed by the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Philippine Sea Plate. Based on the geochemical characteristics of the basalts, the Early Cretaceous subduction zone that formed the Amami Plateau may have been the site of slab melting, which suggests that a younger and hotter plate was being subducted at that time. However, the Amami tonalites were probably formed from basaltic magma by fractional crystallization or by partial melting of basaltic arc crust, rather than by melting of the subducted slab.     

小兴安岭西北部晚石炭世造山后达音河岩体的 特征及其地质意义

小兴安岭西北部达音河岩体主要由碱长花岗岩、正长花岗岩组成。碱长花岗岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果为304.4±1.3 Ma,时代属于晚石炭世,而不是过去认为的晚侏罗世。该岩体化学组成以高硅、钾、钠,低钙为特征,富集Rb、La、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Ba、Sr、Eu等大离子亲石元素和Nb、Ta、Zr高场强元素,反映斜长石作为源区残留相对岩浆地球化学特征的控制。该岩体同区域上十二站、新开岭、龙镇、扎兰屯等岩体构成晚石炭世造山后伸展背景下形成的I型和A型花岗岩带,反映了兴安、松嫩块体在晚石炭世结束块体碰撞造山,转入造山后伸展环境。     

全国铀矿资源潜力评价航磁数据处理与研究

通过简要介绍依据航磁数据推断地质构造的主要方法,分析总结了花岗岩型、火山岩型、碳硅泥岩型和砂岩型等4大类型铀矿的航磁预测要素特征,并分析了利用航磁推断的地质构造与铀成矿的关系,总结了各类型铀矿的预测要素组合模式。最后以桃山-诸广铀成矿带为例阐述了航磁数据处理与研究对铀资源潜力评价的作用及取得的主要成果。认为航磁数据处理与研究是铀资源潜力评价的重要组成部分。依据航磁数据推断的断裂、侵入岩体及火山构造可以判别有利的构造环境,识别有利的控矿构造,预测有利的成矿部位,对铀资源潜力评价和铀矿普查找矿具有重要意义。     

多源地学信息图像复合处理技术在区域成矿统计预测中的应用研究—以冀北张家口金矿集中区为例

本文以冀北金矿集中区为例,利用系列遥感影像图,开展构造、岩性解译和蚀变信息提取;根据航磁△T、甚低频垂直虚分量和航放K/Th彩色密度分割图像,提取与金矿化有关的地球物理成矿预测变量。综合遥感及地质、矿产、物探、化探等图像资料,在区域金矿成矿理论指导下,以数字图像处理技术为手段,进行图像之间的复合处理,开展区域金矿成矿规律分析,提取区域金矿找矿预测评价标志（变量）。采用信息量法、特征分析法和见矿概率回归估计法等方法开展金矿成矿统计预测,圈定13处找矿远景区。