Shapley-模糊神经网络方法在华南台风卫星云图的长时效滚动预测中的应用

为了更好地利用大量的卫星云图观测资料来提高台风暴雨的预报能力,解决并提高对台风强降水云系变化的预报精度,延长对未来云系变化的预报时效,构建基于合作对策Shapley-模糊神经网络的华南区域台风卫星云图非线性智能计算滚动集合预测模型,对增强卫星云图资料在台风暴雨天气预报中的实用性和及时性具有重要意义.依据2013—201...     

Using Landsat data to determine land use changes in Datong basin,China

The aim of this study was to determine land use changes in Datong basin using multitemporal Landsat data for the period of 1977–2006. Four dates of Landsat images from 1977, 1990, 2000, and 2006 were selected to classify the study area. Based on the supervised classification method of maximum likelihood algorithm, images were classified into six classes: water, urban, forest, agriculture, wetland, and barren land. A multidate postclassification comparison change detection algorithm was used to determine changes in land use in four intervals. It is found that (1) urban land area increased 213% due to urbanization that resulted from rapid increase of urban population and high-speed economic development, (2) agriculture area increased 34.0% due to land reclamation that resulted from rapid increase of rural population and improvement of irrigation capacity, (3) forest area decreased 20.9% due to deforestation for urban area and agricultural use, (4) barren land area decreased 78.2% due to cultivation for agricultural use, and (5) water and wetland decreased 39.1 and 67.1%, respectively, due to exploitation of surface water and decrease of recharge from groundwater to surface water that resulted from over exploitation of groundwater.     

月球软着陆点的选择与几个预选点的初步对比分析

月球软着陆探测是中国二期探月工程的主要目标,软着陆点的选择是工程实施与科学目标能否顺利完成的关键之一。克里普岩对于研究月球的起源和演化有重要意义,但由于该岩石被玄武岩所覆盖,难以利用轨道探测器开展全面深入的研究。撞击坑是研究月表以下物质成分的窗口,在克里普岩区选择条件合适的撞击坑开展软着陆探测有助于对克里普岩的深入研究。在克里普岩区选取Copernicus、Kepler及Aristarchus 3个撞击坑作为预选着陆点,并利用嫦娥一号CCD数据、LIDAR数据以及Clementine UV/VIS/NIR数据从月形月貌特征和物质组成两个方面对预选点进行了初步对比分析,以期为我国二期探月工程提供参考与依据。     

利用多年卫星测高资料研究南海上层环流季节特征

利用10年高精度卫星测高海面高异常网格资料,联合EGM96稳态海面地形模型,构成南海海域合成海面地形的时间序列,并计算了各个时期的南海表层地转流场. 利用卫星跟踪漂流浮标观测结果与相应时期南海地转流场进行对比验证,结果显示本文结果可以很好地反映南海海域一些中小尺度的环流特征. 根据南海各季节多年平均表层环流场结构,对南海环流周年变化规律和季节特征进行了初步的探讨. 研究结果表明,南海表层环流始终处在不断演变过程之中,在时间和空间上都表现出明显的多尺度特征.     

Use of multi-temporal Landsat images for analyzing forest transition in relation to socioeconomic factors and the environment

Recently there have been reports of forest regrowth occurring in different regions across the world. There is also a growing recognition of the potential beneficial impact that secondary forests may have on the global environment: providing crucial ecosystem services such as soil conservation, stabilization of hydrological cycles, carbon sequestration, and support for forest dependent communities. Consequently, there is a growing awareness of the need to recognize that landscapes are complex shifting mosaics wherein forest clearing and reforestation take place. In this study, the rates of reforestation, deforestation, forest regrowth and degradation were measured using multi-temporal Landsat images of Danjiangkou, China. Landsat data from 1990, 1999 and 2007 were (1) classified as dense forest, open forest and non-forest areas and (2) compared between years to identify forest cutting, regeneration and degradation. The results showed that there was a net gain of 29,315 ha of forest area (including dense and open forest) from 1990 to 2007, showing a clear trend of reforestation in the study area. Forest modification (degradation and regrowth) and change categories (deforestation and reforestation) occurred simultaneously during the observation time period. Socioeconomic data from public statistics and environmental attributes allowed the assessment of the socioeconomic factors and the environmental conditions that caused these changes using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The research showed that the socioeconomic factors due to different policies were major driving forces of forest transition, whereas environmental attributes of the underlying landscape constrained forest cover changes. These findings have led to a better understanding of forest transition at a local scale in our study region. Comprehensive knowledge of these relationships may be useful to reconstruct past forest transitions and predict future changes, and may help to enhance sustainable management practices aimed at preserving essential ecological functions.     

Deriving depths of deep chlorophyll maximum and water inherent optical properties: A regional model

The Bohai Sea is a semi-enclosed inland sea with case-2 waters near the coast. A comprehensive set of optical data was collected during three cruises in June, August, and September 2005 in the Bohai Sea. The vertical profile measurements, such as chlorophyll concentration, water turbidity, downwelling irradiance, and diffuse attenuation coefficient, showed that the Bohai Sea was vertically stratified with a relative clear upper layer superimposed on a turbid lower layer. The upper layer was found to correspond to the euphotic zone and the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) occurs at the base of this layer. By tuning a semi-analytical model (24 and 25) for the Bohai Sea, we developed a method to derive water inherent optical properties and the depth of DCM from above-surface measurements. Assuming a ‘fake’ bottom in the stratified water, this new method retrieves the ‘fake’ bottom depth, which is highly correlated with the DCM depth. The average relative error between derived and measured values is 33.9% for phytoplankton absorption at 440 nm, 25.6% for colored detrital matter (detritus plus gelbstoff) absorption at 440 nm, and 24.2% for the DCM depth. This modified method can retrieve water inherent optical properties and monitor the depth of DCM in the Bohai Sea, and the method is also applicable to other stratified waters.     

Assessment of depth and turbidity with airborne Lidar bathymetry and multiband satellite imagery in shallow water bodies of the Alaskan North Slope

Airborne Lidar bathymetry (ALB) is an effective and a rapidly advancing technology for mapping and characterizing shallow coastal water zones as well as inland fresh-water basins such as rivers and lakes. The ability of light beams to detect and traverse shallow water columns has provided valuable information about unmapped and often poorly understood coastal and inland water bodies of the world.Estimating ALB survey results at varying water clarity and depth conditions is essential for realizing project expectations and preparing budgets accordingly. In remote locations of the world where in situ water clarity measurements are not feasible or possible, using multiband satellite imagery can be an effective tool for estimating and addressing such considerations.For this purpose, we studied and classified reflected electromagnetic energy from selected water bodies acquired by RapidEye sensor and then correlated findings with ALB survey results. This study was focused not on accurately measuring depth from optical bathymetry but rather on using multiband satellite imagery to quickly predict ALB survey results and identify potentially turbid water bodies with limited depth penetration. For this study, we constructed an in-house algorithm to confirm ALB survey findings using bathymetric waveform information.The study findings are expected to contribute to the ongoing understanding of forecasting ALB survey expectations in unknown and varying water conditions, especially in remote and inaccessible parts of the world.     

电磁环境对GNSS观测数据质量的影响

通过在35、110、220、500、800 kV 5种不同电压等级的变电站开展全球卫星导航定位系统(GNSS)观测实验,从数据完整率、多路径、信噪比、观测值与周跳比4项指标对各测试站点的GNSS观测数据质量进行统计分析,研究不同电压等级下电磁环境对各GNSS系统观测数据质量的影响.结果表明:不同电压等级下电磁环境对各G...     

Lee生物光学模型在不同水体组分特性下的适用性

辐射传输模型和生物光学模型均可用于模拟水体遥感反射率.前者模拟精度高,但计算复杂.不利于水质参数的反演;后者简便易反演,但在浑浊水体中的模拟精度还有待进一步检验.本文通过设计大量不同组分浓度组成的水体,以辐射传输模型(即Hydrolisht模型)模拟结果为真值,对生物光学模型(即Lee模型)模拟二类水体遥感反射率的精度...     

基于RS的山地植被NPP遥感地形模型研究

以山地植被生态系统NPP遥感估测与分析为研究内容,以地学和生态学知识为基础,利用RS,GIS技术手段,综合遥感数据、DEM数据、统计数据、定位点的实测数据等多源信息,构建了NPP遥感地形模型,计算出夏尔希里自然保护区7月份的植被NPP,最终完成了夏尔希里自然保护区植被生产力的定量化。