温度、光照、氮含量对微绿球藻生长及脂肪酸组成的影响

报道了环境因子对微结球藻（Nannochloropsis oculata)的生长速率及脂肪酸组成的影响，结果表明：微绿球藻具有较快的生长速度，且富含16：1（n-7)和20：5（n-3)(EPA)。适温范围为0－30℃，最适温度为20℃，温度对脂肪酸组成的影响较明显，EPA在20摄氏度时最高，30℃时急剧下降，生长较适宜光强为5000－7000lx，但在1000lx时EPA产率最大；氮含量为10mg/L时生长速度最快，但此时EPA含量较低。     

国际化海洋牧场的体系构建及未来发展浅析

近年来我国海洋牧场建设进入快速发展阶段,海洋牧场建设已从近岸浅海开始向深远海推进,然而如何在深远海的海洋边界线以及毗邻区域开展海洋牧场建设是摆在渔业工作者和管理者面前的重要问题,同时如何在海洋命运共同体理念指引下,在经济全球化及“一带一路”的大环境下发挥海洋牧场的生态优化、资源养护的功能优势,促进全球海洋渔业资源的恢复与可持续利用,从而为全球海洋经济发展做出贡献,也是值得我们深思的问题。在此背景下,如何加强各国在海洋牧场建设方面的合作是关系着全球海洋经济的重要问题。文章分别从未来国际化海洋牧场的建设内容及发展途径两个方面进行了展望,并分析了在此背景下的发展策略,以期为未来的以国际化海洋牧场为载体的国际间渔业合作提供一条适合的发展道路,实现国际渔业合作不断深入与发展。     

现代水产种业硅谷建设的几点思考

"国以农为本,农以种为先",种业位于农业产业链的最前端,是国家战略性、基础性产业,也是决定现代农业发展的核心要素。我国是世界上12个生物多样性特别丰富的国家之一,水产种质资源分布极为广泛。近年来,我国水产种业发展迅速,但水产增养殖业的良种覆盖率仍然较低。因此,加快发展水产种业尤显迫切。该文论述了国内外水产种业发展现状,分析了我国水产种业存在的问题和发展趋势,提出了建设水产种业硅谷的设想,并对建设目标、建设内容、建设原则及其保障措施提出了几点建议,以期为我国水产种业健康发展起到积极的促进作用。     

21世纪工程地质学生长点：土体微结构力学

本文认为土体结构对其工程性质有重要制约作用,土的结构性模型的建立已成为当代土力学前沿性课题。提出的“微结构力学”理论与方法体系的建立,将为土体工程地质研究开辟崭新的研究领域和工作空间。文中,作者对“微结构力学”的概念及其研究内容、近期和远期研究课题进行了分析,并提供了开展本项研究工作的技术路线建议。     

瑞士的山地灾害研究

瑞士位于阿尔卑斯山脉地区,培内崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等山地灾害型齐全。该国政府十分重视保护生态环境,使山地灾害得到了有效控制。该文主要介绍瑞士从事从地灾害研究的机构手段、方法以及研究的内容。     

分形布朗运动与地球化学测量——地壳中元素含量空间分布的定量表征

地球化学面的形态是依赖于采样网格(采样密度)大小变化而不确定的。对于一维情况,元素含量分布曲线长度L与采样间距r之间的关系服从L(r)=Cr~(1-1/H),D=1/H。对于地壳上任一给定区域,沿某一测线进行地球化学测量的任一元素含量数据,由上式确定的D值和H值,对于沿测线方向该元素的含量分布在统计的意义上将是确定的。对浙江省水系沉积物测量数据的统计结果表明,Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo、Co、Ni 8种元素的含量变化在1～150km尺度范围内遵循分形分布,D=1.03～1.62,H=0.62～0.97。这表明地壳中元素含量在空间上随采样间距的变化可能是一个完全等价于分形布朗运动的随机函数,在1～150km这个尺度范围内,元素含量分布模式具有自相似性和长程相关性。这个结果为“国际地球化学填图”项目(IGCP259)提出的160km×160km采样网格尺度提供了一种理论的支持。     

二色桌片参皂苷的分离及其理化性质

二色桌片参是闽南粤东沿海的重要水产资源,其生物洗性物质的研究至今尚未见报道。本文对二色桌片参的基本组成分进行了检测,着重对其海参毒素进行了矣理化性质的初步研究,结果表明,二色桌片参含有生物活性很强的物质－皂苷,并发现其皂苷具有蓉光性,利用其荧光光谱可作为其提取纯度的佐证,并可作为一种快速的定量依据。     

海滨锦葵种子含油量的遗传分析

海滨锦葵(Kosteletzkya virginiva)是重要的能源油料植物,对海滨锦葵种子含油量进行遗传分析具有重要意义.以高油海滨锦葵品种KV23(P1和低油海滨锦葵品种KV16(P2)及其杂交组合的F1、F2群体为材料,以单株种子含油量为指标,应用P1、P2、F1和F2 4个世代的数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型联合分离分析方法,对海滨锦葵种子含油量进行了遗传分析.结果表明,海滨锦葵种子含油量可能由两时加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因共同控制,主基因遗传率为49.87%,主基因和多基因共同解释的遗传率为80.14%.     

Effects of heavy metals （Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋） on the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model organism known for its unique combination of highly desirable molecular genetic, physiological and morphological characteristics, was employed in the present study. The species was cultured in BG11 liquid medium contained various initial concentrations of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L). The experiment was conducted for six days and the metal induced alterations in the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents were assessed. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells became evident with the increased (>4 mg/L Pb²⁺) metal concentration. The photosynthetic apparatus (thylakoid membranes) were found to be the worst affected. Deteriorated or completely destroyed thylakoid membranes have made large empty spaces in the cell interior. In addition, at the highest concentration (8 mg/L Pb²⁺), the polyphosphate granules became more prominent both in size and number. Despite the initial slight stimulations (0.2, 3.8 and 6.5% respectively at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L Pb²⁺), both metals inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner as incubation progressed. Pigment contents (chlorophyll α, β carotene and phycocyanin) were also decreased with increasing metal concentration. Cells exposed to 6 mg/L Pb²⁺, resulted in 36.56, 37.39 and 29.34% reductions of chlorophyll α, β carotene and phycocyanin respectively over the control. Corresponding reductions for the same Cd²⁺concentrations were 57.83, 48.94 and 56.90%. Lethal concentration (96 h LC₅₀) values (3.47 mg/L Cd²⁺ and 12.11 mg/L Pb²⁺) indicated that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is more vulnerable to Cd²⁺ than Pb²⁺. Supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council     

A preliminary investigation of the fish food web in the Gironde estuary,France, using dietary and stable isotope analyses

Carbon and Nitrogen stable isotopes and stomach contents analyses were used to investigate an estuarine fish food web and identify the contribution of these two methods to the knowledge and understanding of the food web's structure and its functioning. The nine most abundant fish species during the warm period in the Gironde estuary (southwest France, Europe) are examined. Observation of the stomach contents reflects a variety of feeding modes between fish species that consume a diverse assortment of prey, with limited dietary overlap. Nevertheless, when regarding the whole fish community, few prey species dominate the stomach contents. Nitrogen isotope ratios indicate a high intraspecific variability inducing an interspecific covering of the signatures. However, a tendency to δ¹⁵N enrichment according to the trophic position of the species studied was observed. Fish assemblages show a trend towards enrichment of their carbon isotopic signatures from the upper estuary (−20.8 ± 1.8‰) towards the lower estuary (−18.3 ± 1.6‰). But whatever the capture zone considered, most of the individual δ¹³C values for each fish analysed are comprised between −22 and −16‰. Only few specimens, belonging to migratory amphihaline species, have significantly lighter values.