Reliable radiocarbon dating of fossil pollen grains: It is truly possible

Radiocarbon dating of fossil pollen concentrates has the potential to reduce limitations for sample selection in chronological studies of sedimentary archives. The recent development of the technology for rapidly preparing highly purified fossil pollen concentrates using a cell sorter makes it realistic to turn this dream into reality. Before utilizing pollen as a material for dating with confidence, however, it is necessary to understand the factors that may affect the result of the measurements, and to establish criteria to assess the reliability of the radiocarbon ages produced. In this study, peat soils which are commercially available in large quantities, and are hence used as our laboratory standard, as well as the varved lacustrine sediments from Lake Suigetsu, which has one of the best terrestrial radiocarbon stratigraphies in the world, were used to assess the accuracy of radiocarbon ages of pollen concentrates and to establish an appropriate protocol for sample preparation. A pollen-rich fraction prepared by a recently proposed combined method of physio-chemical pre-treatment and cell sorter (Yamada et al. 2021) was submitted to a range of different posterior treatments and radiocarbon measurement. The results were also compared with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscoic) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic observations. It was discovered that the sample prepared by the initial pre-treatment and cell sorter were not sufficiently pure and did not yield radiocarbon ages that were consistent with the terrestrial leaf fossils. Instead, the Acid-Base-Acid treatment with ultrafiltration following on from the cell sorter step proved to be highly effective in the removal of contaminants and improve the measured ages. The comparison with Suigetsu's terrestrial radiocarbon dataset also indicated that accuracy could be improved through closer assessment using the pollen taxa composition, carbon content (%C), and stable isotope ratios (δ¹³C) of the pollen concentrates. The age-depth models established by the radiocarbon dating of fossil pollen grains extracted from the Suigetsu sediments agree very well with that of plant macrofossils, and even improve the precision of the combined model. As long as handling was appropriate, the pollen concentrates prepared by the cell sorter provide reliable radiocarbon ages and the method can significantly contribute to Quaternary sciences in the future.     

重庆中坝遗址地层Na-Ca元素含量揭示的制盐业兴衰史

Based on dynastic period division and AMS ^14 C dating performed on the sedimentary layers at Zhongba and Yuxi sites,and also the analysis of Na,Ca and Mg of 201 sedimentary samples from Zhongba site and that of Ca and Na in 47 sedimentary samples from Yuxi by using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP）,we found that there were 35 time periods when the contents of Ca and Na were reversely correlated,i.e.whenever the content of Ca was the highest,the content of Na was the lowest,and vice versa. Among them,there were 21 time periods when the content of Ca was the highest,and Na was the lowest,indicating that there were about 21 prosperous periods of ancient salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.Other 14 time periods with the peak values of Na while the low values of Ca indicate 14 declined periods of salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.The conclusion obtained from the reverse relationship between Ca and Na contents in this paper is consistent with that＂the salt production at Zhongba site started in the new stone age,developed in the Xia and Shang dynasties,reached at the heyday in periods from the Western Zhou to the Han Dynasties,maintained stable to develop in the Tang and the Song dynasties,and gradually declined after the Song Dynasty because the sea salt were conveyed into Sichuan region,however,still had production in the 1970s-1980s＂,educed from archeological exploration.All the above mentioned results indicate that there is a reverse relationship obviously between the contents of Na and Ca in sediments at Zhongba site for ancient salt production,which can be used to reveal the process of rise and decline of ancient salt industry at Zhongba site.     

一种信息量和专家证据权重法耦合的成矿预测方法

本文选取安徽石台县丁香地区,以铜多金属矿为例,分析该区的地、物、化、遥数据,选择7个预测变量进行成矿定位预测研究。利用客观成矿预测法-信息量法进行计算,得到成矿预测变量所占的信息量,归一化得到变量的客观权重,依据专家知识,获得上述变量的主观权重,随后,采用D-S证据理论将上述主、客观权重进行融合得到综合权重,并采用该综合权重结合专家证据权重法获得单元格的后验概率,制作成矿有利度的分级色阶图。预测结果表明:该法能有效地综合来自主、客观方面的知识,预测结果更加科学、合理。与单纯的信息量法、专家证据权重法相比,取得了更好的成矿预测效果。     

MATLAB在碎屑沉积岩矿物含量计算中的应用

岩石学与地球化学研究中,岩石中矿物含量的确定是一项重要的基础工作,传统测定主要依赖偏光显微镜镜下观察统计或进行编程计算,效率较低。通过实例介绍了使用MATLAB工具箱中非负线性最小二乘法根据岩石化学与镜下观察到的矿物种类对碎屑沉积岩中矿物含量进行定量计算的应用。计算结果表明,使用这种计算方法对岩石矿物含量的计算结果明显比显微镜下统计的更准确、快速,值得推广应用。在使用同时,也要注意合适的矿物化学组成的正确选取,以保证计算的真实有效。     

关于黄土含水量划分的讨论

黄土含水量高低,通常能反映出黄土中含水量的变化规律和土性特点。本文对黄土含水量高低的划分和命名做了初步尝试,并对其划分和命名所考虑的因素和依据做了简要讨论。     

广西典型高砷高硫浮选金精矿的矿物学研究

文章阐述了广西高砷高硫金精矿的矿物组成及砷、硫、金的赋存状态     

三种植物受烃类微渗漏引起生态及光谱变化的模拟试验研究

三种植物受烃类微渗漏引起生态及光谱变化的模拟试验研究何在成,吕惠萍,王云鹏（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所．广州５１０６４０）关键词烃类微渗漏,叶绿素含量,反射光谱,模拟试验油气藏烃类微渗漏弓愧地表物质产生物理化学异常主要有下列几项指标［１］：土壤烃组...     

中型浅水湖泊人工施化肥技术及其效果研究

本文根据1986—1988年3年来对珊珀湖人工施化肥的效果和对水体N、P运动的动力学观察写成,论述中型、浅水、有机质丰富的老年湖泊的浮游生物繁殖高峰期(6、7、8、9月)进行人工定点、定时、定量、分批施化肥,是改善湖泊水质,使水体从严重缺磷(N∶P=223.8∶1)改变为缺磷(N∶P=6.6∶1)的有效途径。可以增加N、P含量、改变浮游生物群落结构,加快浮游生物的繁衍,从而提高水体的初级生产力及其对滤食性鱼类的负载力,进而提高湖泊的经济,社会效益。     

Comparison of dissolution under oxic acid drainage conditions for eight sedimentary and hydrothermal pyrite samples

The abiotic oxidative dissolution behaviors of eight natural pyrite samples, five sedimentary and three hydrothermal, from various geological environments were compared under oxic conditions at pH 3 and 6 in a highly controlled batch reactor dissolution system. The three sedimentary pyrite samples associated with coal had greater specific surface areas and also exhibited greater apparent dissolution rates and extent than the other two sedimentary and three hydrothermal samples under both pH conditions. However, after normalizing for surface area, the dissolution rate constants for the different pyrite samples were similar; the greatest difference was between the two non-coal sedimentary pyrite samples. Pyrite morphology and the presence of trace metals could contribute to the differences in dissolution behavior as reflected in the normalized dissolution rates. The sulfur:iron ratio observed in the aqueous solution at pH 3 increased with time, but was always less than 2.0 (predicted from the stoichiometry of dissolution) for all the pyrite samples during the 24-h experimental duration. This can be explained by the disproportionation dissociation of thiosulfate, an initial product of pyrite dissolution, to elemental sulfur and sulfate which does not occur in a 1:1 ratio. The results of this work indicate the importance of extracting and using the specific pyrite(s) relevant to particular mining areas in order to understand pyrite dissolution rates and the influence of environmental conditions on those rates.