Late Pleistocene-early Holocene paraglacial and fluvial sediment history in the Turbio valley, semiarid Chilean Andes

The transitional character of climatic conditions confers great relevance to paleoclimate studies in the semiarid region where glacial and Holocene geomorphologic records are scarce. Here we present the paraglacial and fluvial evolution of the Turbio valley (30°S) using both field observations and ¹⁴C AMS chronology. Two key sites at the uppermost Turbio valley show glacial margins which likely formed during the 17-12 ka Central Andean Pluvial Event and earlier 37-27 ka episodes associated with glacial advances reported elsewhere in the semiarid Andes. Likewise, two episodes of subsequent paraglacial response are identified: a first episode corresponds to early Holocene fine-grained deposits (~ 11,500-7800 cal yr BP) extending far downstream (> 40 km) from the glacial margins. These deposits and coeval debris cones (~ 11,000-5500 cal yr BP) are the result of arid conditions with occasional runoffs that were unable to export sediments along the trunk valley. The second episode corresponds to disconformably overlying fluvial gravels extending ~ 70 km downstream from the glacial margin, indicative of an increase in the fluvial transport capacity occurring not long after 5500 cal yr BP. Fluvial transport increase resulted from a late Holocene shift to wetter climate conditions, representing a forcing factor which enhanced the paraglacial response.     

十年来我国工程地质科学成就与展望

本文通过三峡工程地质研究,秦岭隧道工程地质研究、西安地裂缝研究、海口市土地利用、露天矿边坡稳定性研究等实例论述了十年来工程地质学在理论与实践上取得的成就,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Evaluation of different versions of NCUM global model for simulation of track and intensity of tropical cyclones over Bay of Bengal

The global UK Met office Unified Model (UM) is currently operational at National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), the global model named as NCUM. An inter-comparison of two different versions of NCUM has been carried out for simulating the track and intensity of Tropical Cyclones (TCs), which formed over the Bay of Bengal (BoB). For this purpose, two series of numerical experiments named as NCUM25 (New Dynamical core with NCUM N512 resolution) and NCUM17 (ENDGame core with NCUM N768 resolution and upgraded physics and data assimilation scheme) are carried out with seven different initial conditions (ICs) for two TCs. The results suggested that the location, intensity, and vertical structure of the TCs are reasonably well predicted by the NCUM17 over the NCUM25. The Direct Position Error (DPE) and landfall error of TCs are reduced in the NCUM17 in comparison to the NCUM25 for all initial conditions. The mean DPEs and intensity error are reduced by 21–41% and 18–21% in NCUM17 over NCUM25 in both the cases respectively. Improvements in mean landfall position errors are shown to range from 43 to 65% in the NCUM17 as compared to the NCUM25. The mean statistical skill scores for rainfall are considerably improved in NCUM17.     

软弱易冲蚀地层钻探施工技术

钻探生产中经常遇到一些软弱易冲蚀地层,因这些地层岩石破碎、松软,在进入内管前往往易被冲洗液冲蚀,进入内管后也常常因卡簧卡不牢在打捞时掉落造成空管。因岩心采取率低往往造成钻孔报废。以贵州道真新民铝土矿矿区为例,分析了软弱易冲蚀地层岩心采取率低的原因;为提高该类地层岩矿心采取率,研制了元泵反循环超前侧喷绳索取心钻具,保证了岩矿心采取率,取得了很好的效果。     

测绘工程专业大学生综合能竞赛的实践与创新

大学生综合技能竞赛的目的在于培养学生的实践能力和创新意识.文中介绍全国高校测绘工程专业大学生综合技能竞赛的现状,分析竞赛对测绘专业教育教学的推动作用,针对存在的问题,提出改革与创新思路.     

Ensemble mean forecast skill and applications with the T213 ensemble prediction system

Ensemble forecasting has become the prevailing method in current operational weather forecasting. Although ensemble mean forecast skill has been studied for many ensemble prediction systems(EPSs) and different cases, theoretical analysis regarding ensemble mean forecast skill has rarely been investigated, especially quantitative analysis without any assumptions of ensemble members. This paper investigates fundamental questions about the ensemble mean, such as the advantage of the ensemble mean over individual members, the potential skill of the ensemble mean, and the skill gain of the ensemble mean with increasing ensemble size. The average error coefficient between each pair of ensemble members is the most important factor in ensemble mean forecast skill, which determines the mean-square error of ensemble mean forecasts and the skill gain with increasing ensemble size. More members are useful if the errors of the members have lower correlations with each other, and vice versa. The theoretical investigation in this study is verified by application with the T213 EPS. A typical EPS has an average error coefficient of between 0.5 and 0.8; the 15-member T213 EPS used here reaches a saturation degree of 95%(i.e., maximum 5% skill gain by adding new members with similar skill to the existing members) for 1–10-day lead time predictions, as far as the mean-square error is concerned.     

高职测量实践技能单人考核体系建设与研究

通过总结四年的高职测量实践技能单人考核教学实践活动,论述了高职测量实践技能单人考核的内容、方法、时间,并对各学年各项考核成绩进行了具体分析。对于考核的内容进行了增补,对考核的标准时间、评分标准及时进行了修订,为将来建立完整的实践技能单人考核体系奠定了基础。     

基于应用技术型大学战略转型的GIS实践教学体系构建

实践教学在GIS专业人才培养过程中发挥着重要作用,对于应用技术型大学的GIS专业人才培养,实践教学体系的构建更加重要。分析应用技术型大学GIS实践教学的作用,阐述实践教学体系内容设计原则、实践教学体系构成,并给出GIS专业实践教学体系设计实例,探讨实践教学应注意的具体问题。