地球的起源与演化研究进展

地球科学在研究远古地球的形成与演化方面积累了越来越多的证据 ,人类对于太空的观测程度也不断提高 ,加深了对类地行星的认识 ,取得了重要的成果。太阳系中的火星和金星可能存在已经绝灭了的生命。慧星和小行星对地球的多次撞击有能力导致严重的环境效应及生命大灭绝。行星的演化可能有两种模式 :冷的星团加热及热的星云冷却。火星上存在与地球壳体非常相似的沉积岩 ,说明有流动水存在的可能。较高地热的太古代地壳热流输出被认为是认识地壳构造特性的关键。晚太古代会聚与离散大陆边缘的对比研究表明太古代板块运动与年轻的板块构造旋回在样式及幕次方面都没有根本的区别。元古代大陆的增生是由于元古代源于地幔的板块构造及产生于地幔的热柱构造导致新生成分的加入而造成的。裂谷、盆地、推覆及伸展、火山侵入作用是显生宙大陆增生的主要因素。     

TSP超前地质预报在圆梁山隧道施工中的应用

介绍了TSP超前地质预报系统的技术特点和基本测量原理，结合渝（重庆）怀（化）线圆梁山隧道的实例，将TSP系统和超前地质钻孔预报结果进行对比，显示了该系统的实用性。     

异黄酮的合成研究进展

综述了异黄酮合成方法和近年来我国在合成异黄酮化合物的研究进展。     

我国大地电磁测深新进展及瞻望

简要回顾了上世纪60－80年代，我国大地电磁测深工作的起步和发展， 较全面地介绍了90年代以来的新进展，并瞻望了新世纪的发展方向。     

ADVANCES IN STATISTICAL METEOROLOGY IN CHINA IN RECENT YEARS

Great advances in statistical meteorology have been made in recent years in China.The mainpoints are as follows:Introducing entropy principle into meteorology,entropy meteorology isfounded;Introducing memory function,self-memorization equation of atmospheric motion isderived;The fuzzy reasoning is introduced into meteorology;Using the method of nonlineardynamics in researches of climatology,some forecasting schemes of phase space are proposed;Chebyshev polynomial is generalized at irregular grids and an iterative scheme for forecast of timeseries is proposed:The wavelet transform is used in researches in climatology;Logisticdiscrimination is used in meteorology and quadratic discrimination and stepwise discrimination areinvestigated;The theory on grey system and the multilevel recursion proposed by Chinesescientists are introduced into meteorological forecast.In addition,complex empirical orthogonalfunction,singular value decomposition,projection pursuit,principal oscillation patterns and so onare also introduced.All the above methods have played great roles in operational weatherforecasts.     

瑞利波探测在石炭井三矿的应用

针对石炭井三矿的具体地质、地球物理条件介绍了矿井瑞利波系统在井下的施工、数据采集、资料处理、解释推断等诸方面的方法技术。举例指出该探测系统在剩余煤层厚度探测、掘进巷道超前探测地质构造、石门揭煤判断煤层位置几个方面的地质效果。      

独头巷道超前勘探的有效手段——瑞雷波勘探技术井下超前勘探试验结果述评

迄今,用于煤矿井下独头巷道超前勘探的有效手段寥寥无几。常规的钻探方法费工、费时、效率很低,而且有引起突水的危险。瑞雷波勘探方法是一种使用瑞雷面波作为有效波进行零到几十米范围内地震勘探的新型物探方法。它的测线基距与勘探深度的比值可以达到1∶20以上,即1～2m的测线布置,勘探深度可达30～40m以上。完全适用于独头巷道超前勘探的需要。把这样一种地面地质勘探的方法技术移植到井下,在煤巷、岩巷中进行超前探测断层、空巷、冲刷带的试验并获得成功,无疑为煤矿井下独头巷道的超前探测开创了一种全新的物探手段,必将在煤矿的安全掘进和生产方面发挥重要作用。      

Application of a simple headcut advance model for gullies

Gully erosion begins in streambanks and uplands as a consequence of adjustments in driving forces on the landscape imposed by changes in land use or climate. The deleterious effects of gullies worldwide have led to many site‐specific studies of gully form and function. In the continental United States, gully erosion in agricultural land has destroyed valuable farmland yet, prediction of gully processes remains problematic on a national scale. This research has proposed a simple method to predict gully headcut advance. When combined with SWAT hydrologic flow routines, the model predicted gully headcut advance with reasonable accuracy on a daily time step for time periods exceeding two decades. The model was tested in two distinct land resource areas of the United States with differing climate, soils, cover and drainage. The inputs for the headcut model have been kept simple as the model will be applied over large areas. Model inputs consist of headcut height, headcut resistance (based on soil erodibility and a root‐cover factor), and daily flow. The model is compared with an annual time step model used in assessment of headcut advance and appears to offer a better way to assess gully headcut advance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

音乐欣赏之我见

音乐欣赏是人们对音乐本身产生认识、发生共鸣获得审美愉悦的过程,在音乐欣赏中,人们必须学会倾听音乐、体验音乐情感,掌握一定的音乐基础知识,懂椁音乐欣赏技巧,才能培养音乐审美能力并提升音乐艺术的审美情趣。     

Advance in application of regional climate models in China

Regional climate models have become the powerful tools for simulating regional climate and its change process and have been widely used in China. Using regional climate models, some research results have been obtained on the following aspects： 1） the numerical simulation of East Asian monsoon climate, including exceptional monsoon precipitation, summer precipitation distribution, East Asian circulation, multi-year climate average condition, summer rain belt and so on; 2） the simulation of arid climate of the western China, including thermal effect of the Qinghal-Tibet Plateau, the plateau precipitation in the Qilian Mountains; and the impacts of greenhouse effects （CO2 doubling） upon climate in the western China; and 3） the simulation of the climate effect of underlying surface changes, including the effect of soil on climate formation, the influence of terrain on precipitation, the effect of regional soil degradation on regional climate, the effect of various underlying surfaces on regional climate, the effect of land-sea contrast on the climate formulation, the influence of snow cover over the plateau regions on the regional climate, the effect of vegetation changes on the regional climate, etc. In the process of application of regional climate models, the preferences of the models are improved so that better simulation results are gotten. At last, some suggestions are made about the application of regional climate models in regional climate research in the future.