强干扰环境下提高瞬变电磁数据采集信噪比的试验

在安微铜陵冬瓜山铜矿使用GDP-32Ⅱ进行了一系列的瞬变电磁探测抗干扰试验,通过改变发射频率、线框大小、电流大小、叠加次数和观测次数,对比了不同参数设置下所采集的原始数据的质量,提出了抗干扰数据采集方案,为在强干扰地区获取真实可靠的原始采集资料提供了有效措施。     

Silicon-32 as a tool for dating the recent past

Silicon-32, with a half-life of approximately 140 years, has the potential to fill the dating gap that lies between those chronologies based on the shorter-lived isotopes of ³H and ²¹⁰Pb, and those based on the longer-lived ¹⁴C. Silicon-32 is produced in the atmosphere by cosmic ray bombardment of argon, and falls out on the Earth's surface in precipitation. Silicon-32 methods may be used to date siliceous sediments and sponges, groundwater and glacier ice. Measurement of ³²Si concentrations in these archives is, however, not straightforward. Two methods are available: radioactive-decay counting of the activity of the daughter nucleus, ³²P, and accelerator mass spectrometry, but in both cases the detection of ³²Si pushes the boundaries of the technique. Even the half-life of ³²Si is not known to a precision of better than ±10%. In this paper, we review efforts to determine the isotope's half-life, survey the detection methods and discuss the applications of ³²Si chronology. We show that at least some of the chronometric potential of this radioisotope is close to being realised as a result of recent improvements in methods of measurement.     

荣成鲁32井水温动态变化及异常分析

总结了鲁32井水温正常动态特征以及自然环境干扰形态特征,探究鲁32井水温异常变化特征,通过对该井周围500km范围内中等地震及远场大震发生时间、空间与水温异常时段对比,发现两者对应关系良好,综合分析已有数据资料认为,鲁32井水温存在附加地热场异常变化的构造条件,可作为近场中等地震前兆异常和远场大震前兆异常中短期判别指标之一。     

柴达木盆地英西地区E32盐类矿物成因及油气地质意义

近年来,柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统E32获得了持续的重大勘探发现。基于岩心观察、系统的微观岩石学、矿物学以及地球化学分析,系统总结了柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统咸化湖盆中盐类矿物特征、成因及成藏作用：(1)英西地区渐新统E32 4种重要的盐类矿物包括石盐、硬石膏、钙芒硝以及天青石等,或聚集成为具有一定厚度的盐层,或以矿物颗粒形式赋存于基质碳酸盐岩中。上部的盐间油层组的盐层较厚,以石盐为主,下部的盐下油层组的盐层较薄,以石膏为主;(2)盐类矿物“低锰”的元素地球化学特征、与盐类矿物伴生的基质碳酸盐岩具有的“低温成因”的碳氧同位素地球化学特征、未见热液矿物发育的岩石学特征以及分布面积极广的平面展布特征均显示了盐类矿物为典型的咸化湖盆沉积型,而非热液卤水析出型;(3)“盐”在油气成藏过程中发挥着重要作用,包括盐类矿物对裂缝的充填和防止油气逸散的封堵作用、盐层因具有很高的毛管突破压力和塑性特征而具有良好的封盖作用、地层条件下促进白云岩次生孔隙发育的作用以及占据一定的储集空间的消极作用等。这一研究成果可为盐下湖相碳酸盐岩的油气勘探提供重要的指导作用。     

潜标式海洋探测仪控制系统及模块设计

基于CORTEX M4内核的STM32嵌入式系统,设计并实现了用于长期监测海洋地理环境参数(温度、盐度、湿度等)的潜标式海洋探测仪,给出了主控系统及各个模块的设计方案及选型,通过合理的功能分配,可靠的硬件设计和有效的软件实现,使探测仪具备低功耗、高可靠的特点。海试实验表明,主控系统实现了对探测仪的浮力调节、能源供电及应急处置等状态控制,通过在SOFAR声道工作,完成了对深海海洋要素的实时监测。     

Stormwater plume detection by MODIS imagery in the southern California coastal ocean

Stormwater plumes in the southern California coastal ocean were detected by MODIS-Aqua satellite imagery and compared to ship-based data on surface salinity and fecal indicator bacterial (FIB) counts collected during the Bight'03 Regional Water Quality Program surveys in February–March of 2004 and 2005. MODIS imagery was processed using a combined near-infrared/shortwave-infrared (NIR-SWIR) atmospheric correction method, which substantially improved normalized water-leaving radiation (nLw) optical spectra in coastal waters with high turbidity. Plumes were detected using a minimum-distance supervised classification method based on nLw spectra averaged within the training areas, defined as circular zones of 1.5–5.0-km radii around field stations with a surface salinity of S < 32.0 (“plume”) and S > 33.0 (“ocean”). The plume optical signatures (i.e., the nLw differences between “plume” and “ocean”) were most evident during the first 2 days after the rainstorms. To assess the accuracy of plume detection, stations were classified into “plume” and “ocean” using two criteria: (1) “plume” included the stations with salinity below a certain threshold estimated from the maximum accuracy of plume detection; and (2) FIB counts in “plume” exceeded the California State Water Board standards. The salinity threshold between “plume” and “ocean” was estimated as 32.2. The total accuracy of plume detection in terms of surface salinity was not high (68% on average), seemingly because of imperfect correlation between plume salinity and ocean color. The accuracy of plume detection in terms of FIB exceedances was even lower (64% on average), resulting from low correlation between ocean color and bacterial contamination. Nevertheless, satellite imagery was shown to be a useful tool for the estimation of the extent of potentially polluted plumes, which was hardly achievable by direct sampling methods (in particular, because the grids of ship-based stations covered only small parts of the plumes detected via synoptic MODIS imagery). In most southern California coastal areas, the zones of bacterial contamination were much smaller than the areas of turbid plumes; an exception was the plume of the Tijuana River, where the zone of bacterial contamination was comparable with the zone of plume detected by ocean color.     

第32届国际地质大会造山带和蛇绿岩研究进展

第32届国际地质大会反映了近年来造山带和蛇绿岩研究的最新成果。太古代与年轻造山带对比研究表明决定造山带几何特征的主要因素是它们与同造山及造山期后的伸展构造体制的响应方式。进一步分析了中新元古代罗得利亚超大陆的形成与裂解机理。分析了晚前寒武纪-古生代造山作用过程及可能模式。造山带形成后其深部表露、抬升和剥蚀过程与气候及环境演变有紧密的关系,是当前及今后地球科学的重要研究领域。蛇绿岩的岩浆成因并不能用一种简单的模式来解释,研究表明蛇绿岩岩浆具多成因。提出了蛇绿岩套的双离散侵位模式、多米诺旋转侵位模式、俯冲快速折返就位模式。对比表明特提斯及环太平洋蛇绿岩的来源、演化及就位特征具明显的多样性。     

High concentrations of marine snow and diatom algal mats in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: Implications for carbon and nitrogen cycles in the oligotrophic ocean

A video plankton recorder (VPR) and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) were utilized on three cruises in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) between 1995 and 2002 to quantify the size and abundance of marine snow and Rhizosolenia diatom mats within the upper 305 m of the water column. Quantitative image analysis of video collected by the VPR and an ROV-mounted particle imaging system provides the first transect of marine snow size and abundance across the central North Pacific Gyre extending from 920 km NW of Oahu to 555 km off Southern California. Snow abundance in the upper 55 m was surprisingly high for this oligotrophic region, with peak values of 6.0–13.0×10³ aggregates m⁻³ at the western- and easternmost stations. At stations located in the middle of the transect (farthest from HI and CA), upper water column snow abundance displayed values of 0.5–1.0×10³ aggregates m⁻³. VPR and ROV imagery also provided in situ documentation of the presence of nitrogen-transporting, vertically migrating Rhizosolenia mats from the surface to >300 m with mat abundances ranging from 0 to 10 mats m⁻³. There was clear evidence that Rhizosolenia mats commonly reach sub-nutricline depths. The mats were noted to be a common feature in the North Pacific Gyre, with the lower salinity edge of the California Current appearing to be the easternmost extent of their oceanic distribution. Based on ROV observations at depth, flux by large (1.5 cm) mats is revised upward 4.5-fold, yielding an average value of 40 μmol N m⁻² d⁻¹, a value equaling previous estimates that included much smaller mats visible only to towed optical systems. Our results suggest that the occurrence across a broad region of the NPSG of particulate organic matter production events represented by high concentrations of Rhizosolenia mats, associated mesozooplankton, and abundant detrital marine aggregates may represent significant stochastic components in the overall carbon, nitrogen, and silica budgets of the oligotrophic subtropical gyre. Likewise, their presence has important implications for the proposed climate-driven, ecosystem reorganization or domain shift occurring in the NPSG.