超低水平液闪谱仪测定雨水、海水中的宇生核素32P和33P

本研究旨在建立用超低水平液闪谱仪测定雨水、海水中的宇生核素32P3、3P的方法.通过对液闪谱仪的主要性能与技术参数进行优化设置,对液闪谱仪的效率及能量进行刻度,建立淬灭校正曲线,探讨影响测量本底的因素,实现液闪谱仪对样品的优化测量.并通过液闪谱仪对厦门沿岸地区雨水及厦门湾海水进行测量,得到2004年3月至2005年2月雨水中32P3、3P的月平均比活度分别为0.30×10-2~3.18×10-2、0.28×10-2~3.05×10-2Bq/dm3,33P/32P)A.R.月平均值介于0.74~0.96之间,平均为0.87±0.03;厦门湾海水中32P、33P的比活度分别为1.52×10-2~4.62×10-2、1.28×10-2~3.72×10-2Bq/m3,33P/32P)A.R.为0.81~0.91.     

DNA adducts in mussels and fish exposed to bulky genotoxic compounds

Biological and procedural factors can influence DNA adduct detection in aquatic organisms. Among them, functional structure and metabolic traits represent major biological determinants for adducts formed by lipophilic pro-mutagenic contaminants. In detecting DNA adducts through the 32P-postlabelling assay, efficiency in DNA purification, digestion, labelling, as well as adduct enrichment and quantification may explain differences between independent studies. Reference DNA adducts have been used to verify some 32P-postlabelling aspects. Data obtained for mussels and fish treated with benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and environmentally exposed to genotoxins confirm the above assertions. Although the 32P-postlabelling assay cannot be proposed for routine biomonitoring it appears a reliable and very sensitive index of exposure to genotoxic pollutants in both fish and mollusks.     

Identification of the diffusion coefficient for a semi-linear hyperbolic-parabolic problem with discontinuous nonlinear terms

Numerical computations concerning geochemical processes in porous media require a knowledge of the values of the macroscopic parameters. In the context of the interpretation of leaching tests one such parameter is the apparent macroscopic diffusivity. In this paper, a mathematical model for dissolution in the presence of diffusion is considered. It is shown that the constant diffusion coefficient can be identifiable when the time integral of the flux is known. Moreover, a practical algorithm for computing the diffusion coefficient is proposed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

地下水32Si年龄测试技术——液体闪烁计数法

本文介绍了应用Fe(OH)3共沉淀法从天然水中提取SiO2，然后提取32P的方法。将H3PO4溶液和TritonX-100混合制备计数溶液，用液体闪烁计数器测量32P的放射性。最后用公式计算32Si的放射性浓度和地下水的32Si年龄。     

扫描隧道显微镜和原子力显微镜在矿物学研究中的应用现状及前景

作者介绍了扫描隧道显微镜和原子力显微镜的基本原理,并结合自己的工作总结了它们在矿物学研究中的应用情况。基于这两种显微镜的原理和特点,指出了其在未来矿物学研究中一些可能的应用领域,并认为它们有可能成为矿物学研究的强有力工具。     

丽江2.4米望远镜的圆顶侧窗自动化控制系统

丽江2.4 m望远镜的圆顶采用方位随动和滑动式天窗的超半球结构,起初为改善因圆顶和望远镜终端电子设备引起的内外大气湍流,设计了大面积的多组机械式侧窗。但由于高平台手动操作危险、缓慢、不精确且易损坏,为实现侧窗稳定的多组自动控制,开发了基于STM32板的嵌入式圆顶侧窗自动控制系统,利用WiFi模块、串口模块和手柄实现侧窗的远程和多通道控制。同时结合气象数据、圆顶位置信息等使系统能根据气象阈值进行预警、自动开合,并尽量减小风对望远镜振动的影响。侧窗控制系统的设计可满足上层系统集成的需要。该系统稳定可靠,能满足侧窗的自主运行与人为控制。     

海洋沉积物32 Si测年方法研究

天然32Si是宇宙射线成因的,随着降水进入湖泊或海洋,被硅质生物摄取后最终存在于生物硅中。32Si来源单一,生产速率相对恒定,半衰期为150 a,可测年的时间尺度为100~1 000 a,是该时间尺度最合适的测年核素,填补了百年到千年时间尺度测年方法的空白。本文建立了海洋沉积物32Si的测量方法,主要步骤为:（1）样品前处理;（2）生物硅的分离与纯化;（3）生物硅样品中磷的分离与纯化;（4）32P的制样与β计数测量。全程通过硅钼蓝和磷钼蓝分光光度法监测实验过程硅和磷的损失情况,对南沙海域采集的沉积物岩心进行研究,得到南沙海域沉积物岩心32Si的平均活度为16.60 mBq/kg,范围值为8.39~33.34 mBq/kg;32Si在SiO₂中的平均比活度为0.356 Bq/kg,32Si的核素丰度平均值为1.29×10-16（32Si/SiO₂）;根据岩心32Si活度估算得深水区（水深1 335~1 537 m）和浅水区（121~141 m）岩心的沉积速率分别为0.106 cm/a、0.191 cm/a;根据32Si活度计算32Si的平均沉降通量为2.14×10-6 Bq/（cm2·a）,与参考文献的结果较为吻合。     

A mathematical and numerical model for reactive fluid flow systems

We formulate mathematical and numerical models for multispecies, multi-phase and non-isothermal reactive fluid flow in porous media focusing on the chemical reactions and the transport of solutes. Mass conservation and stability in the time integration are emphasized. We use cell-centered finite volume differencing in space and an implicit Runge-Kutta method in time. Assuming two space dimensions, we introduce flux approximation for arbitrarily shaped convex quadrilaterals. On equidistant and variable sized rectangular grids we choose limited κ= related schemes to approximate the advective flux and the central difference scheme for the diffusive flux. On non-rectangular grids we recommend the VF9 scheme for the estimation of the diffusive flux. Our model exists as a code. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Optical observations of the Be/X‐ray transient system KS 1947+300

ROTSE‐IIId observations of the Be/X‐ray transient system KS 1947+300 obtained between September 2004 and December 2005 make it possible to study the correlation between optical and X‐ray activity. The optical outburst of 0.1 mag was accompanied by an increase of the X‐ray flux in the 2004 observations. A strong correlation between the optical and X‐ray light curves suggests that the neutron star directly accretes from the outflowing material of the Be star. The nearly zero time lag between X‐ray and optical light curves suggests a heating of the disk of Be star by X‐rays. No optical brightening and X‐ray enhancement was seen in the 2005 observations. There is no indication of an orbital modulation in the optical light curve. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

从第32届国际地质大会看矿床学及相关学科的进展

第32届国际地质大会中有关矿产方面的动态和进展主要分为以下4个部分：与黑色页岩有关的矿床;中亚地区的矿床及构造;锡、钨及其他稀有金属矿床的新发展;海洋矿床的最新发展。