南海海温异常与ENSO的相关性

使用1958－1987COADS资料，应用复经验正交函数（CEOF）分析方法，分析南海海表面温度场（SST）和风场（u及v）。结果发现，南海海温异常基本独立于西太平洋，同时存在类似于ENSO事件的年际变化，ENSO发生前冬季南海有异常降温过程，之后有增暖事件发生。分析还表明，南海SST异常主要取决于经向风场的异常强迫。南海SST与ENSO事件的相关性实质上反映了季风异常对ENSO循环的影响。     

烟威渔场盐度预报及分析

本文以我国北黄海的烟威渔场为研究对象,采用优选因子场预报模式,对盐度的时空变化进行预报试验。文中对所采用的统计预报方法,作了简要介绍。对影响本海区盐度变化的显著因子及预报结果作了初步分析。预报试验表明:预报的总体平均绝对误差为0.27‰,预报相对误差在18％左右,预报误差小于0.5‰的站数占总站数的85％,预报趋势与实测资料基本一致。     

潮汐沉积率与沉积间断

在浙北奥陶系文昌组和长江三角洲开敞型淤泥质海岸非潮道潮汐纹层研究的基础上,得出与国外同类研究相近的沉积率。现代海岸进积速度和潮坪沉积的观察及测试证明,上述沉积率是难以置信的。现代潮坪观测表明,潮汐纹层在形成过程中即包含着改造,所保留的纹层占应形成数的不到１０％,其余９０％以上被侵蚀。小型层序是风暴和平静天气的产物,为风暴层序,与大小潮周期无关。其地层中保留的数量不到应生成数的１０％,其余９０％被改造。小型层序被侵蚀,其中的纹层随之消失。致使潮坪层序中保存的纹层数仅为应形成数的０．２％。被改造的纹层和单层留下的仅是侵蚀面,即小间断。在进行潮汐沉积高分辨率的研究时应充分重视沉积间断的作用     

A Preliminary Study of Oceanic Bomb Radiocarbon Inventory in the North Pacific during the Last Two Decades

Radiocarbon and total carbonate data were obtained near the 1973 GEOSECS stations in the North Pacific along 30°N and along 175°E between 1993 and 1994. In these stations, we estimated radiocarbon originating from atomic bomb tests using tritium, trichlorofluoromethane and silicate contents. The average penetration depth of bomb radiocarbon during the two decades has deepened from 900 m to 1300 m. Bomb radiocarbon inventories above the average value for the whole North Pacific were found widely in the western subtropical region around 30°N both in the 1970s and 1990s, and its area in the 1990s was broader than that in the 1970s. In most of the North Pacific, while the bomb radiocarbon has decreased above 25.4, the bomb radiocarbon flux below 25.4 was over 1 × 10¹² atom m^-2yr^-1 in the subtropical region around 30°N. In the tropical area south of 20°N, the bomb radiocarbon inventory below 25.4 increased from zero to over 10 × 10¹² atom m^-2 during the last three decades. These distributions suggest that the bomb radiocarbon removed from the surface is currently accumulated with bomb ¹⁴C flux of over 1 × 10¹² atom m^-2yr^-1 below 25.4 in the subtropical region, mainly by advection from the higher latitude, and that part of the accumulated bomb ¹⁴C gradually spread southward with about 30 years.     

晚第四纪冲绳海槽北段CaCO3含量的时空变化及其控制因素

对取自冲绳海槽北段的6个沉积岩心进行了CaCO3含量、粒度和铀系同位素分析，结合氧同位素数据和海槽其他钻孔的相应结果，探讨了冲绳海槽北部晚第四纪以来CaCO3含量的垂向与横向变化特征。结果表明，冲绳海槽北段沉积总体上表现为全新世CaCO3含量高、晚更新世CaCO3含量低的“大西洋型”碳酸盐演化特征，但冲绳海槽北段和中部的碳酸盐演化特征并不一致，海槽内西坡、槽底和东坡的不同部位其演化特征也存在较大差异。碳酸盐含量的变化与沉积物粒度特征密切相关，晚第四纪冲绳海槽碳酸盐演化的时空差异是多种因素相互作用的结果。     

东海南海交接带重磁场特征及新生代盆地成因

东海南海构造交接带及其邻近海区(简称交接带)位于中国东部大陆边缘,东邻俯冲板块边界。台湾以北是琉球海沟俯冲带,台湾以南为马尼拉海沟俯冲构造带。区域重磁资料分析结果表明,该东海陆架区存在3条重力高和2条重力低,重力高分别对应于闽浙隆起带、渔山低凸起和陆架外缘隆起,最大值高达50×10-5m·s-2;重力低对应于沉积盆地,最低值在台西南盆地,约为-20×10-5m·s-2。重磁特征表明东海盆地外缘台湾 钓鱼岛构造带具有明显的自由空间异常,磁场为平缓负异常,由古近系、白垩系或更老的变质岩及中新世的侵入岩组成,向南延伸至澎湖隆起。因为澎湖隆起具有高重力异常,放射性年龄表明这些碱性玄武岩形成于17 8～8MaBP,其特征同现在的琉球岛弧一样,可能是残留的古琉球岛弧。台西南盆地南侧(上陆坡)的凸起具有类似的幅度异常,呈ENE—WSW向,并消失在台西南盆地南段。新生代以来,盆地张裂活动具有不同时性,并向陆架边缘变得年轻。东海大陆边缘盆地属弧后残留盆地成因,多因岛弧的迁移而新生,但珠江口盆地则是被动大陆边缘裂陷作用所致。     

Management of the commons for biodiversity: lessons from the North Pacific

The North Pacific has the world's largest groundfish fisheries, with a value in excess of $1 billion annually. The North Pacific also is home to the largest population of Steller sea lions (SSL), an ancient species that is now endangered. Decline of the western stock of SSL in the 1970–1990s coincided with the US nationalization and exponential growth in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands groundfish fishery.The article treats five aspects of the competition between the fishery and protection of the endangered species. First, we analyze competition of interests in the use, management, and preservation of the North Pacific commons, including offshore and near-shore fisheries, environmental organizations, governments (federal, state, and local), and the scientific community. Second, the article compares and contrasts provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act, the Marine Mammal Protection Act, the Endangered Species Act, and the Magnuson–Stevens Act (as amended in 1996 by the Sustainable Fisheries Act).Third, we examine the regulatory environment with a focus on the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and its relationship to the North Pacific Fishery Management Council. We illustrate how NMFS establishes fishery management plans and the methods, such as crafting biological opinions and environmental-impact-statements, it uses to resolve conflicts. Fourth, we investigate how the dual pressures on the agency—to increase fisheries production for the benefit of the industry and to preserve endangered marine species—have affected its culture (behavioral norms and operational codes). Then, the article explains agency changes in terms of crises, competition among affected interests, and development of new scientific knowledge.The article concludes by drawing lessons from the SSL controversy in the North Pacific which may pertain to national and global biodiversity conflicts. These concern the role of law in biodiversity protection, the role of science, and agency capacity for change.     

郯庐断裂带及其周缘中新生代盆地发育特征

郯庐断裂带作为中国东部滨太平洋地区一条巨型走滑构造带，对其周缘中、新生代盆地的发育、演化起着重要的控制作用。随着太平洋板块俯冲方向从NNW向NW到NWW的变化，郯庐断裂带的活动方式逐步从中生代左行走滑-左行斜向滑动过渡到早第三纪以左行斜向-倾向滑动，晚第三纪-第四纪转为倾滑-右行斜向滑动-右行走滑。走滑活动经历了一个循序渐进的周期演变过程。随着郯庐断裂活动方式的演变，其周缘中、新生代盆地的发育逐渐向北迁移，其中南段周缘盆地主要为中生代盆地，中段周缘盆地主要为中、新生代叠加盆地，中北段周缘盆地主要为早第三纪盆地。每个盆地都经历了拉分(伸展)裂陷到挤压反转的演化过程。此外，在同一时期、同一区域剪切应力场作用下，不同区段因其走向变化导致局部应力场变化，在增压弯曲部位发生会聚、挤压、隆升；而释压拉张部位发生离散、伸展、沉降，从而盆地发育。     

中国多金属结核开辟区间隙水中铜、锰、镍的分布规律

通过对东北太平洋海域中国多金属结核开辟区沉积物间隙水中铜、锰、镍等微量元素的详细研究表明,锰主要受沉积环境的影响,其含量的变化范围在0.16～8.61μg/dm3之间;铜和镍则主要与表层海水的初级生产力有关,研究区内间隙水中铜和镍含量的变化范围分别为0.16～20.8和0.80～3.12μg/dm3,且这些元素在沉积物—水界面处均存在最大浓度梯度.利用“Fick扩散定律”计算表明,锰在研究区主要是从上覆海水向沉积物扩散,是沉积物中锰的主要来源之一;而铜和镍则是从沉积物向上覆海水扩散,是底层海水中铜和镍的主要来源。与表层海水中铜和镍向底层海水的输送通量计算结果相比,底层海水中铜和镍的含量主要受沉积物的控制.     

引入差比关系法分析西北太平洋TOPEX/POSEIDON卫星高度计测高数据

TOPEX/POSEIDON(T/P)卫星高度计数据信息中存在周期成分混淆问题.对其中的一类混淆引入差比关系方法对混淆的分潮进行分离.卫星轨道交叉点资料包括升轨和降轨资料,资料量比沿轨点资料多1倍,经分析发现:在已有为期6a多的观测资料时间序列中,在沿轨处混淆的分潮如K₁和SSA在交叉点处不再混淆,可以直接分离.因此首先对交叉点资料进行调和分析.然后由交叉点的分析结果得到分潮间的差比关系,处理到相近的沿轨点处,从而得到沿轨点的调和常数.用引入差比关系方法,对西北太平洋海区6a多的T/P卫星高度计资料进行了潮汐分析,并与沿岸及岛屿验潮站资料进行了比较,所得结果较满意.