3．0T磁共振的临床应用特点研究

本文对3．0T磁共振信噪比、磁敏感性效应、电介质效应、化学位移效应、驰豫时间和特殊吸收率5方面的特点、优势与不足进行分析和研究,帮助了解3．0T的一些基本物理知识,正确认识3．0T的临床应用价值,扬长避短,充分发挥其在临床和科研方面的优势。     

GPS信噪比用于雪深监测研究

针对利用全球导航卫星系统反射信号研究测站地表环境参数已成为一个新兴的研究课题这一现状,该文基于全球定位系统信噪比与信号振幅的变化特征,给出了基于全球定位系统多路径信号的全球定位系统多径反射技术用于雪深探测的基本原理。为了验证算法的有效性,利用美国PBO网络中P360站离散20d的全球定位系统原始观测数据进行雪深探测的反演实验。实验结果表明:全球定位系统多径反射技术反演雪深值与实测雪深值吻合较好,误差均值为0.07m,相关系数大于0.99。因此,利用全球定位系统信噪比可以进行雪深探测,在未来的全球导航卫星系统观测站建立时,可以考虑它在环境监测方面表现出来的潜能。     

福建南一水库气枪震源实验激发效果最优分析与研究

气枪主动源探测实验需要获得信噪比较优的波形数据,因此实验前很有必要进行不同工况的激发实验。通过综合分析台站记录特征,寻找最优激发效果的工况条件,为后续定点激发奠定重要基础。本文在福建南一水库大容量气枪震源实验时通过单次激发分析、叠加分析、信噪比系数等方法综合研判工况激发效果,确定出最优工况,再利用台网噪声评估对得到的最优工况做进一步验证。结果表明:南一水库最优工况为:水深25m、枪阵沉放深度12 m、枪阵尺寸7 m×7 m。该最优工况激发时段未处在低噪声时刻,说明该工况的激发效果确为优越,结果较为可靠。     

Research on the imaging of concrete defect based on the pulse compression technique

When the synthetic aperture focusing technology (SAFT) is used for the detection of the concrete, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and detection depth are not satisfactory. Therefore, the application of SAFT is usually limited. In this paper, we propose an improved SAFT technique for the detection of concrete based on the pulse compression technique used in the Radar domain. The proposed method first transmits a linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal, and then compresses the echo signal using the matched filtering method, after which a compressed signal with a narrower main lobe and higher SNR is obtained. With our improved SAFT, the compressed signals are manipulated in the imaging process and the image contrast is improved. Results show that the SNR is improved and the imaging resolution is guaranteed compared with the conventional short-pulse method. From theoretical and experimental results, we show that the proposed method can suppress noise and improve imaging contrast, and can also be used to detect multiple defects in concrete.     

Extracting the subsonic anti-symmetric lamb wave from a submerged thin spherical shell backscattering through iterative time reversal

The extraction of the weakly excited anti-symmetric Lamb wave from a submerged thin spherical shell backscattering is very difficult if the carrier frequency of the incident short tone burst is not at its frequency of greatest enhancement. Based on a single channel iterative time reversal technique, a method for isolating the subsonic anti-symmetric Lamb wave is proposed in this paper. The approach does not depend on the form function of a thin shell and any other priori knowledge, and it is also robust in the presence of some stochastic noise. Both theoretical and numerical results show that the subsonic anti-symmetric Lamb wave can be identified, even when the carrier frequency of the incident short tone burst is away from the frequency of greatest enhancement. The phenomenon may also be observed even in the case that the subsonic anti-symmetric Lamb wave is submerged in the noise, other than the case with the Signal to Noise Ratio being less than 10 dB, when the amplitude of the noise is comparable with the specular wave. In this paper, each iteration process contains a traditional transmission and time reversal transmission steps. The two steps can automatically compensate the time delay of the subsonic anti-symmetric Lamb wave relative to the specular wave and within-mode dispersion in the forward wave propagation.     

北斗二代观测值质量分析及随机模型精化

对北斗观测值进行了质量分析,包括观测值的信噪比、多路径和解算的单差残差时间序列随高度角的变化情况。北斗载波相位单差残差随高度角的统计可为高度角加权和信噪比加权进行模型精化,从而获得适合北斗卫星载波观测的随机模型。实验分析表明,北斗系统的观测值质量要稍优于GPS观测值质量,尤其是在卫星高度角较小时表现明显。同时北斗观测值的残差分析为北斗定位中随机模型的建立提供依据。     

基于广义S变换的地震资料信噪分离方法

基于S变换具有良好的时频聚焦性和分时分频性,将可灵活选取窗函数的广义S变换引入到地震信号去噪处理中,系统研究了广义S变换在地震资料信噪分离中的应用。首先对地震数据进行广义S变换,然后对含噪频率剖面选取适当阈值压制噪声干扰,提取有效信号,最后重构得到去噪后的记录。经合成记录和实际地震资料处理实验证明,该方法能有效地进行信噪分离,提高地震剖面信噪比和分辨率。     

吉林舒兰煤田地震勘探资料处理效果分析

以舒兰煤田为例,论证和分析了在狭长地堑复杂地区二维地震资料处理的各个环节上采用的方法、手段和措施,最终得到高信噪比、高分辨率地震资料,提高了地震解释结果精度,从而达到提高煤田地震勘探水平,准确寻找煤炭资源的目的.     

低信噪比条件下地震叠加速度的提取技术

主要讨论了如何针对低信噪比地震资料进行更加精确的叠加速度提取问题。首先介绍了叠前多域LIFT去噪以及共反射面元叠加(CRS)等关键技术以提高地震数据的信噪比;其次研究了基于相位相关的连续速度分析方法以提高叠加速度提取的精度;最后总结出一套精确提取低信噪比条件下地震叠加速度的方法。     

北斗伪距单点定位的随机模型影响评估

北斗卫星导航系统包含3种不同类型的空间星座,相对应卫星的高度角存在一定的差异,对北斗卫星单点定位的影响也不同。针对这一问题,研究了等权模型、基于卫星高度角和信噪比的北斗卫星观测量随机模型确定方法。利用MGEX站提供的观测数据,通过比较不同模型的实验结果表明:相对于等权模型,基于卫星高度角和信噪比定权模型可以提高单点定位的精度,并且信噪比模型优于高度角模型;在基于信噪比确定权阵的随机模型中,选择不同的参数,对解算结果精度会产生相应的影响。