Quality control(QC)is an essential procedure in scatterometer wind retrieval,which is used to distinguish good-quality data from poor-quality wind vector cells(WVCs)for the sake of wind applications.The current wind processor of the China-France Oceanography Satellite(CFOSAT)scatterometer(CSCAT)adopts a maximum likelihood estimator(MLE)-based QC method to filter WVCs affected by geophysical noise,such as rainfall and wind variability.As the first Ku-band rotating fan-beam scatterometer,CSCAT can acquire up to 16 observations over a single WVC,giving abundant information with diverse incidence/azimuth angles,as such its MLE statistical characteristics may be different from the previous scatterometers.In this study,several QC indicators,including MLE,its spatially averaged value(MLEm),and the singularity exponents(SE),are analyzed using the collocated Global Precipitation Mission rainfall data as well as buoy data,to compare their sensitivity to rainfall and wind quality.The results show that wind error characteristics of CSCAT under different QC methods are similar to those of other Ku-band scatterometers,i.e.,SE is more suitable than other parameters for the wind QC at outer-swath and nadir regions,while MLEm is the best QC indicator for the sweet region WVCs.Specifically,SE is much more favorable than others at high wind speeds.By combining different indicators,an improved QC method is developed for CSCAT.The validation with the collocated buoy data shows that it accepts more WVCs,and in turn,improves the quality control of CSCAT wind data. 相似文献
The progressive indentation of India into Eurasia generated an E–W-trending orthogonal collision belt and a N–S-trending oblique collision belt. Compiling available data reveals that ~70% of the Cenozoic igneous rocks in eastern and southeastern Tibet are concentrated within an ENE-trending, ~550-km long and ~250-km wide magmatic zone(CMZ) that once separated the orthogonal and oblique collision belts. The Latitude 26°N Line is now its southern boundary. The onset timing of magmatism of the CMZ ... 相似文献
Sedimentary successions of the Frasnian–Tournaisian (Late Devonian to Earliest Carboniferous) and their spatial distributions in the Hainan Island, South China are critically reviewed based on updated information of the previously published data and newly obtained fossils. The Upper Devonian strata are assigned to the Frasnian Lanyang Formation and Famennian Changjiang Formation, which are distributed in north-western Hainan Island. The Lanyang Formation is represented by limestone, siltstone, slate, and intercalated with tuff, and yields tentaculites: Polycylindrites sp., stromatoporoids, and tabulate corals. The Changjiang Formation yields abundant conodonts Palmatolepis gracilis sigmoidalis and Polynodosus germanus, typical of Famennian assemblages, and the associated faunas include corals, radiolarians, foraminifers, and calcareous algae of Famennian age. Of these, corals are assignable to the upper Famennian Cystophrentis Zone of South China. The strata of the Tournaisian Jishi Formation are categorized into two types, typically exposed in the Shilu and Jinbo areas, respectively, both of which are located north to the Gancheng-Wanning Fault. The lower Jishi Formation yields brachiopods Unispirifer (Unispirifer) extensus, Unispirifer sp., Schuchertella magna, and gastropods. The middle Jishi Formation yields conodonts: Siphonodella isosticha and S. levis, brachiopods: Unispirifer (Unispirifer) forbesi, Atylephorus tornacensis, coral: Pseudouralinia irregularis, trilobite: Weberiphillipsia linguiformis, ostracods, bryozoans, and foraminifers. The conodonts are assignable to the zonation equivalent to the Siphonodella sulcata Zone, implying the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary is placed at the base of the middle part of the formation. The upper part of the Jishi Formation yields abundant brachiopods characterized by Mesochorispira subgrandis, Atylephorus tornacensis, and Marginatia huaqiaoensis. The presence of corals Cystophrentis, Pseudouralinia, Zaphrentites, and Kueichowpora, and trilobite Hunanoproetus, endemic to South China from the Changjiang and Jishi formations implies that the Hainan Island was palaeobiogeographically close to the South China Block of the Tethyan Realm, rather than of Gondwana affinity during the Late Devonian and Tournaisian. Identification of Xinanosprifer flabellum and Homotoma sp., typical of early Silurian from the ‘Nanhao Formation’ previously assigned to the Tournaisian suggests that no Carboniferous strata are distributed in southern Hainan Island and the area south of the Gancheng-Wanning Fault. 相似文献
Cretaceous syntectonic growth strata in terrigenous basins in Southeast China have scarcely been reported in previous studies. This work focusses on the growth strata of the Early Cretaceous red beds in the East Yangtze Block (EYB), especially in the Huangshan Basin in southern Anhui Province, to help determine the Late Mesozoic tectonic domain and the precise timing of the initiation of extensional tectonics in Southeast China. Field observations show that the dip angles of the red conglomerate-bearing sandstones from the lower part of the Huizhou Fm. vary from 49° to gentle dips towards the basin centre and that the visible and estimated thickness within a single bed increases slightly downward from the upper to the lower part. These characteristics indicate that the sedimentary area of the Early Cretaceous Huizhou Formation (Fm.) has undergone an extensional process with the expansion and deepening of the sedimentary basin by rotation of the border surface (limb) and thus deposited the extension growth strata simultaneously with (or closely after) the 139 Ma Shiling volcanic activity. Caused by a NW-SE-oriented extensional stress field since ca. 140 Ma, a model in which NE-SW-oriented tectonic lines transform to E-W-trending tectono-magmatic belts by intersecting and inheriting the previous E-W-trending tectonic fabrics is established in the present work. Consequently, these phenomena are influenced by Palaeo-Pacific Plate rollback and the inheritance of a structural framework from the regional basement strata and deformation series. 相似文献