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191.
192.
SCS+C地形辐射校正模型的应用分析研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在对有森林覆盖的山区影像进行地形辐射校正时,基于太阳-冠层-传感器(SCS)几何关系的校正模型优于基于太阳-地形-传感器(STS)几何关系的模型。SCS校正模型解释了树木不依赖于地形、观测角和光照入射角而具有向地性生长的本质特性,但在某些地形区域,SCS与余弦校正同样存在过度校正的问题。为了解决这个问题,研究者在SCS校正模型中引入C校正系数来解释散射辐射项,提出了SCS+C校正模型。以北京密云Landsat 5影像为数据源,通过目视判别、直方图、定量的统计参数和地物光谱曲线对比等方法,对SCS+C校正模型与传统的余弦校正、C校正和SCS校正模型进行了对比。结果表明,4种方法均能在很大程度上消除地形阴影,更好地反映阴影区域的细节信息; 从总体的光谱特性保真程度来说,余弦和SCS校正都因过度校正问题表现较差,SCS+C校正最好,C校正次之。 相似文献
193.
Stefan Becker Marco Gemmer Tong Jiang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2006,20(6):435-444
Precipitation trends in the Yangtze River catchment (PR China) have been analyzed for the past 50 years by applying the Mann-Kendall trend test and geospatial analyses. Monthly precipitation trends of 36 stations have been calculated. Significant positive trends at many stations can be observed for the summer months, which naturally show precipitation maxima. They were preceded and/or followed by negative trends. This observation points towards a concentration of summer precipitation within a shorter period of time. The analysis of a second data set on a gridded basis with 0.5° resolution reveals trends with distinct spatial patterns. The combination of classic trend tests and spatially interpolated precipitation data sets allows the spatiotemporal visualization of detected trends. Months with positive trends emphasize the aggravation of severe situation in a region, which is particularly prone to flood disasters during summer. Reasons for the observed trends were found in variations in the meridional wind pattern at the 850 hPa level, which account for an increased transport of warm moist air to the Yangtze River catchment during the summer months. 相似文献
194.
利用1951~2000年中国东北地区23个台站资料,对东北夏季气温的时空分布进行了研究,发现其变化除具有整体的一致性外,东北南部和北部的夏季气温在年际和年代际时间尺度都表现出很大不同,其中北部区域的夏季气温在1987~1988年间发生了一次显著的气候突变. 另外,剔除夏季气温全区一致变化的年份后,南北两区夏季气温与大气环流和海表温度的关系表明:突变前,影响北部和南部冷/热夏季的大气环流形势存在显著的不同,关键海域亦有很大差异:影响南部的为中纬度西太平洋和印度洋部分海域,影响北部的主要为ENSO事件;突变后,两区的夏季气温及相应大气环流和关键海区都趋于一致. 在整个分析时段内,北部夏季气温与东亚夏季风存在显著负相关,而南部的关系则不明显. 相似文献
195.
本文根据夏热冬暖地区的气候特点,针对目前建筑节能设计存在的薄弱环节,分析了建筑围护结构的构造措施及其热工性能,提出在节能设计中应注意的问题。 相似文献
196.
An 8.1Ma calcite record of Asian summer monsoon evolution on the Chinese central Loess Plateau 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Chen XiuLing Fang XiaoMin An ZhiSheng Han WenXia Wang Xin Bai Yan Hong Ye 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(3):392-403
Carbonates in loess-red clay sequences consist mainly of calcite and dolomite. The EDTA analysis of carbonates in different size fractions and magnetic susceptibility reveal that calcite is a sensitive index of summer monsoon. The chemical analysis of carbonates and calcite from an 8.1 Ma loess-red clay sequence at Chaona on the Chinese central Loess Plateau shows that the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon experienced four stages, namely 8.1―5.5 Ma, 5.5―2.8 Ma, 2.8―1.5 Ma and 1.5―0 Ma, with increasing intensification and fluctuation, suggesting a possible combining impacts of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and global changes on the Asian summer monsoon. 相似文献
197.
Instability characteristics of the East Asian Monsoon recorded by high-resolution loess sections from the last interglacial (MIS5) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Guan QingYu Pan BaoTian Gao HongShan Li BingYuan Wang JunPing Su Huai 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(7):1067-1075
The selection of high-resolution loess sections is needed in order to determine the climatic variability of the East Asian Monsoon during the last interglacial. Two sequences of S1 on the eastern and west-ern sides of the Liupan Mountain were both composed of five paleosol layers and four loess layers,indicating that there were five strong summer monsoon events and four strong winter monsoon events in MIS5. This corresponds with other records of the East Asian Monsoon,along with NGRIP and the North Atlantic records,implying that the climate of the Northern Hemisphere was very instable during the last interglacial. Two layers of paleosols and one layer of loess had developed during MIS5a and MIS5c. Compared with MIS5e,the climate in MIS5a and MIS5c fluctuated more intensively on a millen-nial scale,whereas the climate was relatively stable in MIS5e. 相似文献
198.
利用常规气象资料和卫星云图等资料对“碧利斯”造成异常暴雨的成因进行了综合分析,结果表明:“碧利斯”登陆减弱成的低压进入广西为强降水提供了动力抬升条件;中低层低压环流与强盛的西南暖湿气流相互作用,为降水云团不断发生和发展提供“燃料”;低层水汽辐合、高层辐散和强烈的上升运动是造成异常暴雨的主要原因。 相似文献
199.
应用广西1960年以来地面88个观测站日平均气温、降水量、相对温度、均风速、总云量等气象资料,以及1970-2001年ECMW F再分析资料850hPa比湿和垂直速度资料,分析南海夏季风异常早晚的广西气象要素特征。结果表明:南海夏季风偏早,广西地面气温偏低,季风爆发当候广西气候特征往多雨方向发生变化,而爆发之后气候趋于较正常状态;南海夏季风偏晚年,爆发前6候,地面气温高,在季风爆发后5候内降水量较多;南海夏季风偏早、偏晚与广西多数固定月、季时间尺度的气温、降水量的关系无明显增加线性相关。 相似文献
200.
Seasonal Transition Features of Large-Scale Moisture Transport in the Asian-Australian Monsoon Region 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for the period of 1957-2001, the climatological seasonal transition features of large-scale vertically integrated moisture transport (VIMT) in the Asian-Australian monsoon region are investigated in this paper. The basic features of the seasonal transition of VIMT from winter to summer are the establishment of the summertime "great moisture river" pattern (named the GMR pattern) and its eastward expansion, associated with a series of climatological events which occurred in some "key periods", which include the occurrence of the notable southerly VIMT over the Indochina Peninsula in mid March, the activity of the low VIMT vortex around Sri Lanka in late April, and the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon in mid May, among others. However, during the transition from summer to winter, the characteristics are mainly exhibited by the establishment of the easterly VIMT belt located in the tropical area, accompanied by some events occurring in "key periods". Further analyses disclose a great difference between the Indian and East Asian monsoon regions when viewed from the meridional migration of the westerly VIMT during the seasonal change process, according to which the Asian monsoon region can be easily divided into two parts along the western side of the Indochina Peninsula and it may also denote different formation mechanisms between the two regions. 相似文献