Hydrography and circulation in the northwestern Bay of Bengal during the retreat of southwest monsoon

The distribution of temperature and salinity in the upper 500 m of the northwestern Bay of Bengal, adjoining the east coast of India, during the retreat of southwest monsoon (September) of 1983 is presented. This study reveals coastal upwelling (limited to the upper 40 m) induced by the local winds. Waters of higher surface salinity near the coast characterize the upwelling. The freshwater influx near the head of the Bay diluted the surface salinity to as low as 26.0 × 10⁻³. The surface circulation was weak and led to a net transport of 2.0 × 10⁶m³.s⁻¹ directed towards northeast.     

The value ofC efor the Arabian Sea during summer monsoon

We estimate, from the moisture budget the bulk aerodynamic coefficient for latent heat flux (C _e) during the monsoon season over the central Arabian Sea. The average value ofC _eunder active monsoon conditions was found to be 2.25 × 10⁻³ which is nearly 60% higher than those previously used.     

Influence of southern oscillation index on the variability and predictability of Indian monsoon. A reappraisal

The relationship between the monsoon rainfall throughout all India, northwest India and peninsular India as well as the onset dates of the monsoon and two indices of southern oscillation (SOI), namely Isla de Pascua minus Darwin (I-D) and Tahiti minus Darwin (T-D) pressure anomaly have been studied for different periods. The study indicates that the monsoon rainfall shows a strong and significant direct relationship with SOI for the concurrent, succeeding autumn and succeeding winter seasons. The magnitude of the direct correlation coefficient for the SOI using (I-D) is enhanced over all India and peninsular India if the above seasons happen to be associated with an easterly phase of the QBO (Quasi-Biennial Oscillation) at 50 mb. The result indicates that the strength of the monsoon plays an important role in the following southern oscillation events in the Pacific Ocean. The premonsoon tendency of the SOI anomaly spring minus winter SOI shows a significant positive correlation with monsoon rainfall over all India, northwest India and peninsular India. The absolute value of the positive correlation coefficient becomes highly enhanced over all India, northwest India as well as peninsular India if the 6-month period from December to March is associated with the westerly phase of the QBO. Hence, the premonsoon SOI tendency parameter can be a useful predictor of Indian monsoon rainfall especially if it happens to be associated with the westerly QBO. Significant negative association is also found between the anomaly of monsoon onset dates and SOI of the previous spring season, the absolute value being higher for SOI (T-D) than for SOI (I-D). The negative correlation coefficient becomes enhanced if the previous springs are associated with a westerly phase of the QBO. It shows that the previous spring SOI has some predictive value for the onset date of Indian monsoon, a positive SOI followed by an early onset of monsoon, andvice versa, especially if it is associated with a westerly phase of the QBO.     

Interannual variability of the convective activities associated with the east asian summer monsoon obtained from tbb variability

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江淮梅雨与东亚副热带夏季风进程变异的关系

根据中国气象局《梅雨监测业务规定》中的入、出梅标准,结合1960—2016年全国661个常规气象站逐日气象资料,以及NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,分析了江淮梅雨和东亚副热带夏季风进程变异的时空特征,提取季风关键区(32°~34°N,112°~120°E,包含17个站点),并分析了江淮梅雨和季风关键区的联系与成因。结果表明:1960—2016年平均梅雨期为6月8日—7月15日,平均梅雨量为303 mm。比东亚平均梅雨季的开始时间早9 d,比其结束时间晚7 d。梅雨量在近57 a中也呈波动式变化,但整体为上升趋势。入梅越早,出梅越晚,则梅雨期越长,梅雨量越多。副热带夏季风推进到关键区的平均时间为5月19日,其在1970s末和1990s末分别发生了由偏晚向偏早和由偏早向偏晚的突变。夏季风到达关键区偏早时,出梅日偏晚,梅雨量偏多,季风到达偏晚时,出梅日偏早,梅雨量偏少。副热带夏季风推进时间和江淮梅雨量呈全区一致的负相关,负相关区位于湖南、湖北及江西三省临近的两湖地区。东亚副热带夏季风到达关键区时间偏早(晚)年,500 hPa高度场上乌拉尔山—鄂霍茨克海为正(负)距平,阻塞高压增强(减弱);日本海附近为负(正)距平,东亚大槽加深(西退北缩),加强(削弱)了槽后冷空气向南输送且不(有)利于中低纬度副热带高压的北跳,西太平洋副热带高压中心强度增强(减弱),位置偏西(东),其西北侧的西南暖湿气流输送加强(减弱),江淮地区有水汽的辐合(辐散),有(不)利于梅雨量偏多。     

江淮梅雨对东亚副热带夏季风进程及海温异常的响应

利用1960—2020年江淮地区75个气象站逐日降水量、气温、相对湿度资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和Hadley中心海表温度资料，研究了东亚副热带夏季风进程变异对江淮梅雨的影响，揭示了不同类型梅雨期太平洋海温及大气环流异常特征。结果表明：8种江淮梅雨类型中，多雨型占45.9%，少雨型占54.1%，其中多雨型在前30 a占36.7%，后31 a占63.3%。江淮典型梅雨年（高温高湿多雨）的主要特征为安徽南部、江苏中部及湖北东部地区降水偏多，安徽南部、江西东北部及浙江西北部气温偏高，淮河流域湿度大；而在非典型梅雨年（低温低湿少雨）大部分地区雨量偏少，气温呈"东高西低"分布，低温中心区位于淮河中游，湿度呈"西大东小"分布。欧亚大陆中高纬度阻塞高压增强，脊前向南输送的西北气流加强且路径偏东，中国东北冷涡强度较强且位置偏西南，东亚大槽加深，槽后冷空气向南输送，有利于典型梅雨形成。当前期冬春季赤道东太平洋海温异常偏高，西太平洋海温异常偏低时，西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强、面积偏大、脊线位置偏南、西伸脊点偏西，东亚副热带夏季风推进到江淮地区的时间偏早，出梅偏晚，梅雨期降水量偏多。     

高原季风强弱对南亚高压活动的影响

分析了高原季风强弱对夏季南亚高压活动和三峡库区旱涝的影响,揭示了如高原夏季风偏强(弱),育藏高原上空及其以东地区100hPa南亚高压也偏强(弱),位置偏北偏东(偏南偏西)。高原季风强年,南亚高压脊线6月北跳比多年平均早1候,8月南撤晚1～2侯;高原季风弱年。脊线北跳晚1～2候,南撤早1候。同时显示了高原夏季风强年,5～6月三峡库区降水随着南亚高压脊线北移而增多,7～8月三峡库区降水减少;高原夏季风弱年,主汛期前期库区降水少,后期降水略有增多。     

Monsoonal precipitation variation in the East Asia since A.D. 1840

Three tree-ring rainfall reconstructions from China and Korea are used in this paper to investigate the East Asian summer monsoon-related precipitation variation over the past 160 years. Statistically, there is no linear correlation on a year-by-year basis between Chinese and Korean monsoon rainfall, but region-wide synchronous variation on a decadal-scale was observed. More rainfall intervals were 1860–1890, 1910–1925, and 1940–1960, and dry or even drought periods were 1890–1910, 1925–1940, and 1960–present. Reconstructions also display that the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation suddenly changed from more into less around mid-1920. These tree-ring precipitation records were also confirmed by Chinese historical dryness/wetness index and Korean historical rain gauge data.     

Impact of El Nio on Large-scale Circulation of Southeast Asian Summer Monsoon

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴａｏａｎｄＣｈｅｎ (1 987)ｗｅｒｅｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｔｏｐｏｉｎｔｏｕｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅＡｓｉａｎｓｕｍｍｅｒｍｏｎｓｏｏｎｉｓｃｏｍｐｒｉｓｅｄｏｆｔｗｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ:ＥａｓｔＡｓｉａｎｓｕｍｍｅｒｍｏｎｓｏｏｎ (ＥＡＳＭ )ａｎｄＳｏｕｔｈＡｓｉａｎｓｕｍｍｅｒｍｏｎｓｏｏｎ (ＳＡＳＭ) .Ｔｈｅｙａｒｅｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔｌｙｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｅａｃｈｏｔｈｅｒｉｎｂｏｔｈｌａｒｇｅ ｓｃａｌｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｅｎｔｓｕｂｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ.Ｔｈｅｒ…     

中南半岛影响南海夏季风建立和维持的数值研究

利用美国大气研究中心研制的第三代公共气候模式(CCM3)模拟了中南半岛对南海夏季风的建立和维持的影响,数值试验结果表明,中南半岛对南海夏季风的建立和维持起了非常重要的作用.同时还就中南半岛影响南海夏季风建立和维持的机制进行了讨论.