ECM算法的多视SAR影像分割

多视SAR影像像素强度通常建模为Gamma分布,其形状参数为常数(视数)。实验表明,多视SAR影像分割时,设Gamma分布的形状参数为变量可取得更好的分割结果。由于Gamma分布中形状参数以Gamma函数的形式出现,利用EM算法求解时无法获得形状参数的解析解。为此,本文提出了一种基于Expectation/Conditional Maxinnization(ECM)算法的多视SAR影像分割方法。利用ECM算法估计最大化后验概率条件下的Gamma分布参数及表征最优多视SAR影像分割的标号场实现。采用模拟和真实多视SAR影像验证提出算法。实验结果表明,Gamma分布的形状和尺度参数均能快速收敛到稳态值,且以此得到各同质区域的Gamma分布曲线可以很好地拟合其直方图。通过对分割结果的定性和定量分析,可知提出算法具有有效性和可行性,且优于EM算法。     

边坡单元的SAR数据特征

针对传统D-InSAR技术以栅格单元为研究对象而无法充分反映地形条件的问题,该文提出了以边坡单位为研究对象的D-InSAR数据特征分析。通过基于边坡单元的区域地形因子与后向散射系数和相干系数关系的分析方法,建立了研究区域SAR数据的可信区域滤波方法,提取出了研究区域SAR数据分析结果的可信区域。该方法提高了SAR数据的有效性,为滑坡早期监测提供了可靠的数据基础。通过对金沙江乌东德区域的SAR数据实例分析,验证了该方法的实用性。     

Investigation of a longfin inshore squid's swimming characteristics and an underwater locomotion during acceleration

In the present study, locomotion of a real longfin inshore squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) was numerically investigated. Geometry of a real squid was obtained using computed tomography (CT) images. In addition to a two-dimensional axisymmetric squid model, a modified squid model with no cavities around her head and an ellipse shaped model were generated with a fineness ratio (the ratio of body length to maximum body diameter) of 7.56. These numerical models were exposed to an acceleration with two different velocity programs. Added mass and basset forces on bodies were calculated during acceleration of the squid models starting from rest. Pressure and viscous drag forces were also calculated due to pressure variation along the squid models and friction on the surface of the models. The effect of a nozzle diameter on jet velocities and propulsive efficiency at all bodies were evaluated when time dependent velocity profiles (from 0 to 10 m/s in 0.5 and 1 s time durations) were set for the inlet of computational domain. The modified squid model required least thrust force during acceleration phase of time dependent velocity profile compared to the other models while the 0.02 m nozzle diameter provided largest propulsive efficiency for all models.     

Modelling coastal land use change by incorporating spatial autocorrelation into cellular automata models

This paper presents a spatial autoregressive (SAR) method-based cellular automata (termed SAR-CA) model to simulate coastal land use change, by incorporating spatial autocorrelation into transition rules. The model captures the spatial relationships between explained and explanatory variables and then integrates them into CA transition rules. A conventional CA model (LogCA) based on logistic regression (LR) was studied as a comparison. These two CA models were applied to simulate urban land use change of coastal regions in Ningbo of China from 2000 to 2015. Compared to the LR method, the SAR model yielded smaller accumulated residuals that showed a random distribution in fitting the CA transition rules. The better-fitting SAR model performed well in simulating urban land use change and scored an overall accuracy of 85.3%, improving on the LogCA model by 3.6%. Landscape metrics showed that the pattern generated by the SAR-CA model has less difference with the observed pattern.     

COSMO-SkyMed颜色变换强度RC法南京建设用地变化检测

基于非局部滤波的SAR强度RC合成变化检测法对小图斑、线型地物等动态监测灵敏,且对数据获取无时空基线要求,在多云多雨城市地表要素变化检测中具备潜力。本文研究以多时相SAR强度RC合成图为数据源,提出一种基于色彩空间变换的变化图斑半自动提取方法,即通过色彩空间转换、训练样本选取、监督分类影像分割、变化区域提取4步骤,可实现基于SAR强度图的城市建设用地动态监测与图斑高效更新。选取南京河西新城与江北新区为示范,以最优参数配置（3特征向量与10样本类别）进行试验,实现了优于88%的建设用地查准率指标。     

差分层析SAR技术研究现状分析

差分层析SAR是在层析SAR基础上发展起来的一种四维信息反演技术。它不仅实现了对雷达目标的三维分辨能力,同时可以获取目标的形变速率信息,可实现对目标方位-距离-高度-时间四维成像,这对实现城市基础设施动态形变监测、古建筑风险评估、重要工程安全监测等应用具有重要实际意义和价值。本文基于差分层析SAR成像原理,分析了成像处理过程中存在的问题,总结了差分层析SAR成像算法研究现状和特点;最后列举了差分层析SAR技术的主要应用领域,并对其技术发展趋势进行了展望。     

Quality influencing factors of dispersion curves from short period dense arrays based on a convolutional neural network across the north section of the Xiaojiang fault area

The number of dispersion curves increases significantly when the scale of a short-period dense array increases. Owing to a substantial increase in data volume, it is important to quickly evaluate dispersion curve quality as well as select the available dispersion curve. Accordingly, this study quantitatively evaluated dispersion curve quality by training a convolutional neural network model for ambient noise tomography using a short-period dense array. The model can select high-quality dispersio...     

中国卫星海洋观测系统及其传感器(1988—2025)

全面收集1988—2025年中国地球观测卫星(和飞船)计划,包括历史的、运行中的和列入未来计划的。详细介绍风云卫星系列(FY-n)、海洋卫星系列(HY-n)、资源卫星系列(ZY-n)、环境卫星系列(HJ-n)、中国遥感卫星系列(CRS-n)、灾害监测星座/北京小卫星(DMC/BJ-1)、神舟飞船系列(SZ-n)和天宫空间站系列(TG-n)等8个卫星(和飞船、空间站)系列。这些卫星(和飞船、空间站)系列都提供对海洋的观测,从而构成中国卫星海洋观测系统。按装载的传感器分类,进而给出中国的海色、海表温度、海面高度、海面风场和合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星观测系统。对中国海洋观测卫星与国际海洋观测卫星装载的传感器性能作了比较和讨论,指出差距。列出目前在轨运行的中国海洋卫星观测系统38个传感器及其类似的国外卫星传感器。     

南黄海辐射沙洲主要潮沟的变迁

利用1966年和1977年海图、1995年和2000年合成孔径雷达影像,结合1980年以来的陆地卫星影像和2000年的岸滩实测剖面资料对南黄海辐射沙洲区主要潮沟的位置进行了解译与分析,得出上述4个时期研究区内主要潮沟深泓线位置图。对不同时期潮沟深泓线位置图进行几何校准与叠加,对比潮沟深泓线的迁移。结果表明：潮沟具有往返周期性摆动的特点,短期摆动速度明显快于长期摆动,主沟槽最大变动速度达127m／a,而支沟槽变动速度更大。潮沟摆动与沙洲变化有明显的相关性,但两者间的关系较为复杂。辐射沙洲目前处于破碎、萎缩阶段,除沙洲中心及陆岸岸滩仍有淤积外,大部分沙洲处于侵蚀状况,同时沙洲有整体向陆迁移的趋势。     

遥感技术在我国海冰研究方面的进展

本文首先对遥感技术在我国海冰研究中的发展情况作了详细地论述,并介绍了几种常用于海冰研究的遥感数据;其次,从海冰厚度识别、海冰运动速度矢量计算、海冰资源量测算以及海冰灾害监测等四个方面,简单论述了遥感技术在海冰研究中的应用。最后,以渤海海冰为例,阐述了遥感技术的具体应用,同时指出了今后的发展方向。