重复利用的城市垃圾炉渣无侧限抗压强度实验

以江苏某城市的垃圾炉渣为实验材料,通过标准分析筛得到粒径小于等于2mm的颗粒,将制样重复利用后的炉渣颗粒配比成不同含水率后,通过分层击实实验制成不同干密度的试样,制样干密度为d=1.4、1.5和1.6的试样,制样模具为高80mm、直径39.1mm。不同干密度的试样分别做龄期为3d、7d、14d、28d无侧限抗压强度试验,其中一种干密度试样在某一龄期做5组实验以降低离散性的影响。通过大量的实验数据,研究重复利用后炉渣颗粒制成试样的强度随龄期、干密度的变化趋势,并与炉渣初次使用时制成的试样强度进行对比,得出炉渣的强度具有一定的离散性,但总体上随龄期和干密度的增加而增加,且炉渣颗粒重复利用后制成的试样强度有很明显的降低。对炉渣材料做XRD分析,以获得炉渣的主要组成成分来更好的理解炉渣试样的强度特性。文中得出的结论为更好的将炉渣应用到具体的工程中提供参考意见。     

Composition and distribution of meiobenthos in amursky bay (peter the great bay, the east sea)

Qualitative and quantitative composition of meiobenthos was studied in Amursky Bay (Peter the Great Bay, the East Sea). Ten taxonomic groups were found, where nematodes were dominant. Density of meiobenthos in ground sediments of the Bay were not uniform, and the average density was measured at 126.4±62.3 ind. m^-2. 56 species of nematodes were detected, and dominant species wereSabatieria palmaris, Paracanthonchus macrodon, Sphaerolaimus limosus, S. gracilis andOncholaimium ramosum. Five taxocenes of nematodes were allocated based on the results of cluster analysis and species domination according to density. Low diversity in species composition of nematodes was noted in the northwestern part of the Bay, which is a zone of desalination, and in the eastern part, which is exposed to household drains.     

大连湾牡蛎人工育苗技术参数的研究

本文提示了大连率湾牡蛎人工育苗中的几个重要技术参数的最适水平。其适宜孵化温度为２０－２３℃，孵化密度为５０－７５ｅｇｇｓ／ｍｌ，幼虫培育密度为４－８ｉｎｄ／ｍｌ，幼虫以小球藻和湛江叉鞭金藻混合喂养的生长情况最佳。     

Nonlinear optimization method of ship floating condition calculation in wave based on vector

Ship floating condition in regular waves is calculated. New equations controlling any ship＇s floating condition are proposed by use of the vector operation. This form is a nonlinear optimization problem which can be solved using the penalty function method with constant coefficients. And the solving process is accelerated by dichotomy. During the solving process, the ship＇s displacement and buoyant centre have been calculated by the integration of the ship surface according to the waterline. The ship surface is described using an accumulative chord length theory in order to determine the displacement, the buoyancy center and the waterline. The draught forming the waterline at each station can be found out by calculating the intersection of the ship surface and the wave surface. The results of an example indicate that this method is exact and efficient. It can calculate the ship floating condition in regular waves as well as simplify the calculation and improve the computational efficiency and the precision of results.     

莱州湾拟哲水蚤Paracalanus sp.发育期丰度组成和个体大小季节变化

拟哲水蚤是莱州湾桡足类中周年出现的优势种;是上层鱼类幼鱼早期开口饵料的重要贡献者;掌握其种群动态分布特点;有利于了解湾内生物环境状况、次级生产力生产水平。基于2011年5月至20 12年4月采集的浮游生物资料的分析结果显示;莱州湾拟哲水蚤的发育期丰度组成和个体大小均表现了明显的季节变化。调查季节中;4-6月以成体居多;其他季节以桡足幼体CⅢ-CⅤ较多;其中10-11月和3月主要由后期桡足幼体CⅣ和CⅤ期构成。成体中以雌体为主导;雌/雄比介于1.46~9.62;该比值在3-4月最低;10-11月最高。拟哲水蚤各期桡足幼体和成体个体大小以4-5月最大、8月最小;并与水温表现出明显的负相关。拟哲水蚤桡足幼体和成体的总生物量月变化与丰度变化相同;即以8月值最高;3-5月值最低;月均值为2.69 mg/m3（以碳计）;日生产力估算值为0.74 mg/（m3·d）（以碳计）。由上述结果;推测莱州湾拟哲水蚤的种群结构周年变化主要可分3个阶段;4-6月是莱州湾拟哲水蚤开始繁殖期;7-8月为种群数量快速增长期;9月之后为种群增长相对停滞期。     

Comparisons between the influences of habitat, body size and season on the dietary composition of the sparid Acanthopagrus latus in a large marine embayment

Seasonal samples from Shark Bay on the west coast of Australia were used to determine (1) the habitats occupied by the juveniles and adults of Acanthopagrus latus in this large subtropical marine embayment and (2) the extent to which the dietary composition of this sparid is influenced by habitat type, body length and season. Sampling was undertaken in two habitat types in which A. latus was known to be abundant, namely mangrove (Avicennia marina) creeks and nearby rocky areas, the latter comprising sandstone boulders and/or limestone reefs. The mean total length ±95% CLs of A. latus was far lower in mangrove creeks, 126 ± 6.1 mm, than in rocky areas, 313 ± 4.7 mm. As A. latus attains maturity at ca. 245 mm, the juveniles of this species typically occupy mangrove areas and then, with increasing body size, move to nearshore rocky areas, where they become adults. The species composition of the food ingested by juvenile A. latus in mangrove creeks differed markedly from that of large juveniles and adults in rocky areas. Based on analyses of data for both habitat types combined, this difference was far greater than that between size classes and season, which was negligible. There were indications, however, that, overall within each habitat, the dietary composition did change seasonally, although not with body size. Acanthopagrus latus fed predominantly on mangrove material, sesarmid crabs and small gastropods in mangrove habitats, and mainly on Brachidontes ustulatus in rocky areas, where this mytilid bivalve is very abundant. The mangrove material, which contributed nearly 40% of its overall dietary volume in mangrove creeks, consisted mainly of lateral root primordia. This apparently unique food source for a teleost is presumably ingested through subsurface nipping, which would be facilitated by the mouth and dentitional characteristics of sparids. The almost total lack of correspondence in the dietary compositions of fish in the length class that was well represented in both mangrove and rocky areas illustrates the extent to which this sparid is capable of opportunistic feeding behaviour.     

黄河口附近海区水文要素基本特征

根据大量的实测资料,较详细地分析了黄河口附近海区的温度、盐度、密度时空分布变化规律,探讨了该海区的水流动力结构.阐明了渤海中部区高盐水团较稳定,沿岸冲淡水堆积,其中莱州湾是常年堆积最多的海区,等密度线南下倾斜,有利于黄河入海水偏东扩散.发现在莱州湾口一线有盐度低槽,可能是常流向东的主要路线.     

南海头足类资源开发利用研究

南海头足类资源丰富 ,文献报道的种类有 89种。在水深 40m以浅海域分布数量较多的种类为杜氏枪乌贼Loligoduvaucelii(Orbigny) ,在水深 40m以深海域分布数量较多的种类为中国枪乌贼L .chinensis(Gray)。渔汛期为夏、秋季。统计历年生产资料表明 ,头足类的年产量和占渔获物比例有逐年上升的趋势。随着底拖网捕捞技术的提高 ,头足类的密度指数有所增加 ,但并不说明头足类的资源就很丰富。若不注意合理开发利用 ,将导致头足类资源的衰退。限制和废除损害头足类资源的渔具十分重要。