塔里木河流域2001年四源一干河川径流运行分析

2001年塔里木河流域四条源流出山口天然径流量计266.5×10⁸m³, 比多年平均值多40.70×10⁸m³, 增加1%.源流区在进入塔里木河干流前总耗水量为220.0×10⁸m³, 与多年平均值比较多43.4×10⁸m³, 增加24.6%, 而入塔里木河水量为46.4×10⁸m³, 比多年平均4.12×10⁸m³减少1.64×10⁸m³.塔里木河干流龙头站--阿拉尔站2001年年径流量为45.72×10⁸m³, 接近多年均值46.00×10⁸m³, 属平水年.干流上游区间耗水量24.77×10⁸m³, 占阿拉尔站年径流量的54.2%; 中游区间耗水量1.94×10⁸m³, 占阿拉尔站年径流量的41.4%; 下游区间耗水2.025×10⁸m³(纯塔里木河水), 仅占阿拉尔站年径流量的4.4%. 2001年从开都河-孔雀河的博斯腾湖和塔里木河向下游绿色走廊的应急输水于11月16日水流到台特玛湖, 从而结束了塔里木河下游近30 a干涸的历史, 使下游绿色走廊恶化环境开始恢复.     

珠江口盆地重要不整合界面与珠江沉积体系演化分析

以珠江口盆地区域二维地震资料、钻井资料为基础, 结合南海扩张演化历史, 重点研究了盆地内部重要不整合面、盆地演化以及对珠江沉积体系演化的控制作用, 旨在为南海北部珠江沉积体系深水油气勘探提供支持和参考。研究结果表明:珠江口盆地除基底外, 发育三个重要的不整合面, 即破裂不整合、陆坡跃迁不整合和陆坡坡度突变不整合;据此将珠江口盆地珠江沉积体系演化划分为四个阶段:裂陷期主要发育河流、湖泊相沉积;断陷陆坡期主要发育陆架边缘三角洲沉积(前积层较陡);拗陷缓陆坡期发育陆架边缘三角洲沉积(前积层较缓);拗陷陡陆坡期主要为三角洲-海底峡谷-海底扇沉积。断陷陆坡期与拗陷缓坡期陆架边缘三角洲的勘探, 应沿陆架坡折横向去勘探;而拗陷陡陆坡期三角洲-海底峡谷-海底扇, 应采取纵向勘探的思路, 垂直于陆架坡折方向寻找油气。     

Chronological Study of Coal-seam Water and its Implication on Gas Production in the South Qinshui Basin

The knowledge of the residence time of formation water is fundamental to understanding the subsurface flow and hydrological setting. To better identify the origin and evolution of coal seam water and its impact on gas storage and production, this study collected coalbed methane co-produced water in the southeast Qinshui Basin and detected chemical and isotopic compositions, especially 36Cl and 129I concentrations. The calculated tracer ages of 129I (5.2–50.6 Ma) and 36Cl (0.13–0.76 Ma) are significantly younger than the age of coal-bearing formation (Pennsylvanian - Cisuralian), indicating freshwater recharge after coal deposition. The model that utilises 129I/I and 36Cl/Cl ratios to constrain the timing of recharge and the proportion of recharge water reveals that over 60% of pre-anthropogenic meteoric water entered coal seams since 10 Ma and mixed with residue initial deposition water, corresponding to the basin inversion in Cenozoic. The spatial distribution of major ion concentrations reveals the primary recharge pathway for meteoric water from coal outcrops at the eastern margin to the basin center. This study demonstrates the occurrence of higher gas production rates from wells that accept water recharge in recent times and suggests the possible potential of the non-stagnant zones for high gas production.     

Coping with water scarcity in Kashafroud G-WADI Basin,Iran: climate change or growing demands?

This paper assesses the various factors contributing to climate change in the region of the Kashafroud G-WADI Basin in Iran; quantifies the local impacts of climate change, especially local water scarcity; and simulates and discusses several proposed methods to combat these impacts. Hydrologic and climatic data are statistically analyzed and VENSIM modeling is used for various simulations of water resources in the basin. Results show that the natural climate changes affecting Kashafroud Basin include increased temperature, less rainfall, more frequent droughts, and changes in rainfall patterns, all of which are local symptoms of climate change in recent years. However, the most important challenge in the basin is the overexploitation of surface and groundwater resources to meet the growing water demands, especially domestic needs. Changes in land use, reallocation of water uses, groundwater depletion, and degradation of the quality of surface waters have all contributed to significant changes in the environmental features of this basin, and are the main reason why water demands now exceed the renewal capacity of the basin. Proposed response measures include reallocation of resources among different uses, inter-basin water transfers, drawing water from six small dams on the Kashafroud River, reducing groundwater extraction, and replacing groundwater extraction for agriculture by reuse of urban wastewater. This study concludes that although changes in global climatic parameters have altered environmental features in the basin, local factors, such as water utilization beyond the renewable capacity of the basin, are more significant in worsening the impacts of climate change.     

琼东南盆地华光凹陷天然气水合物稳定带厚度的影响因素

为了探讨琼东南盆地华光凹陷海底天然气水合物稳定带的分布规律,定量研究了静水压力、底水温度、地温梯度和气源组分对水合物稳定带的影响程度。在此基础上,分析了华光凹陷现今甲烷水合物稳定带的厚度分布。最后,综合各因素的历史演化过程,初步探讨了华光凹陷1.05 Ma BP以来天然气水合物稳定带的演化。结果表明:(1)气源组分和海底温度的变化对研究区内水合物稳定带的影响较大;水合物稳定带厚度与海底温度呈良好的线性负相关性。(2)水深超过600 m的海域具备形成天然气水合物的温压条件;超过600 m水深的海域水合物稳定带厚度大部分超过 100 m,其中西北部稳定带的最大厚度超过300 m,是有利的水合物勘探区。(3)华光凹陷1.05 Ma BP以来天然气水合物稳定带厚度经历了快速增厚–窄幅变化–快速减薄和恢复的过程。麻坑群与水合物稳定变化敏感区在空间上具有较好的叠合关系。结合前人的研究成果,推测其形成与天然气水合物的分解释放有关。     

黄河北煤田岩浆岩侵入区内矿井地温分布规律研究—以潘店井田为例

通常情况下,地温会随深度增加而呈线性增加,地温影响着井下采掘工作面的环境温度。随着矿井深度的变化,空气所受到的压力状态也随之发生改变。当风流沿井巷向下流动时,空气的压力值增大。空气的压缩会出现放热(或吸热),从而使矿井温度升高。随着矿井向深部开采,井下作业环境条件恶化,岩层温度将达到摄氏几十度的高温。新汶孙村煤矿-800 m水平部分工作面温度高达30~33℃,巨野矿区龙固矿井-850 m水平所有工作面温度高达34~36℃,已严重影响了工人劳动效率。黄河北煤田潘店井田东部有燕山期岩浆岩活动,含煤地层的上中下部均有岩浆岩侵入,针对岩浆岩侵蚀地区采用钻孔简易测温和近似稳态测温等手段,详细查明地温分布规律,通过区内地温资料对比发现,该区有岩浆岩侵蚀影响的地段比没有岩浆岩侵蚀的地段地温高2.6~7.2℃。     

ECOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT OF TARIM RIVER AND ITS PROTECTIVE PROGRAMME

ＥＣＯＬＯＧＩＣ ＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴ ＯＦ ＴＡＲＩＭ ＲＩＶＥＲ ＡＮＤ ＩＴＳ ＰＲＯＴＥＣＴＩＶＥ ＰＲＯＧＲＡＭＭＥ ＣｈｅｎｇＱｉｃｈｏｕ（程其畴）ＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅ...     

沁水煤层气田高阶煤解吸气碳同位素分馏特征及其意义

沁水盆地是我国煤层气勘探开发的重要有利区,沁水煤层气田位于盆地东南部。对采自沁水煤层气田两口井的煤开展了罐解吸实验。结果表明,该地区煤层气解吸速率很快,96 h后解吸气量都达到了总解吸气量的60%~85%,720 h后解吸过程基本结束;解吸气量大,平均在18 m3/t以上。煤层气解吸过程中甲烷发生碳同位素分馏,δ13C1值变化与解吸率呈良好的线性关系,参考这种正相关关系曲线,定期监视煤层气降压排采过程中甲烷δ13C1值的变化情况,可以大致推测出该地区煤层气解吸率,从而预测煤层气的采出程度。跟踪测试沁水煤层气田A1和A1-3井在试采过程的甲烷δ13C1变化情况,推测现在采出的煤层气可能主要是煤层裂隙中以游离形式存在的煤层气,表明该区煤层气稳产性较好,资源前景广阔。     

袁河流域强降水的天气背景与回波特征分析

为了更好地监测预警江西袁河流域强降水天气,使用江西雨量资料、欧洲中心格点（1°×1°）再分析资料和江西雷达回波等资料,对袁河流域5次大暴雨过程进行分析,结果表明：（1）袁河流域强降水天气形势场是925～700 hPa切变线、低层辐合高层辐散中心、西南气流达到12～18 m·s-1等因素影响;T-LnP图上整层水汽充沛,可降水量在75 mm以上;降水前低层累积不稳定能量CAPE（1000 J/Kg）和对流抑制能CIN（100 J/Kg）。（2）强降水回波的组合反射率CR在50 dBz左右,回波顶高在13 km左右,垂直积分液态水含量在12 kg·m2左右;40 dBz回波顶高在6～7 km,45 dBz回波顶高在6.5 km以下。（3）强降水和回波强度dBZ成正相关,随降水的增强,回波明显增强;当回波强度≤20 dBz时,雨强几乎不变;当回波强度在20～35 dBz之间,雨强随回波强度增加而缓慢加大;当回波强度在35～50 dBz之间,雨强随回波强度加大明显增加;而当回波强度≥50 dBz时,雨强反而趋于下降或维持。研究结果对袁河流域强降水的监测预警和预报服务有指导意义。     

白龙江流域上游径流年内分配变化规律分析

在气候变化与人类活动双重影响下,河川径流的年内分配特征随着发生变化。本文根据白龙江上游4个站点的实测月径流量资料,分析了年内分配不均匀性,集中程度与变化幅度等指标。结果表明:在1965~1969年、1971~1984年和2002~2006年,径流年内分配不均匀性较强;白龙江上游集中度较小,集中度随时间的增加均呈现降低趋势。流域自上游向下游,在不同年代集中期均表现为逐渐缩短的变化趋势。Cm、Cm-max和ΔR随时间增加而减小,Cm-min随时间增加而增大。总体上看,随着时间的推移,白龙江上游径流年内分配不均匀性越来越低,逐渐由不均匀向相对均匀转变。