Numerical simulations of protostellar encounters — II. Coplanar disc–disc encounters

It is expected that an average protostar will undergo at least one impulsive interaction with a neighbouring protostar whilst a large fraction of its mass is still in a massive, extended disc. Such interactions must have a significant impact upon the evolution of the protostars and their discs.   We have carried out a series of simulations of coplanar encounters between two stars, each possessing a massive circumstellar disc, using an SPH code that models gravitational, hydrodynamic and viscous forces. We find that during a coplanar encounter, disc material is swept up into a shock layer between the two interacting stars, and the layer then fragments to produce new protostellar condensations. The truncated remains of the discs may subsequently fragment; and the outer regions of the discs may be thrown off to form circumbinary disc-like structures around the stars. Thus coplanar disc–disc encounters lead efficiently to the formation of multiple star systems and small- N clusters, including substellar objects.     

大陆岩石圈有效弹性厚度的计算及其地质意义

大陆范围内 T e值有很大的范围,不同构造单元有不同的 T e值.T e值的大小与岩石圈的热结构(热年龄)、壳幔耦合等因素有关.同时 T e值和地壳厚度、地表有关矿产的分布、岩石圈地幔的物质组成等也有一定关系.     

综合地球物理方法对黄海地区前新生代残留盆地分布的研究

残留盆地由于埋深大、构造复杂等特点,单一的地球物理方法对残留盆地的勘探与解释存在很大的局限性,因此运用综合地质地球物理方法对前新生代残留盆地进行研究,可以充分发挥各种方法的优势,有效地解决油气勘探中的有关问题.本文以黄海地区前新生代残留盆地为研究对象,以"区域控制局部,深层约束浅层"为指导思想,在前人研究的基础上,运用重、磁、地震、钻井和区域地质等资料进行了综合研究,根据研究与计算结果勾绘了黄海地区前新生代残留盆地的宏观构造格架,并分析了残留盆地分布特征.     

SELFE: A semi-implicit Eulerian–Lagrangian finite-element model for cross-scale ocean circulation

Unstructured-grid models grounded on semi-implicit, finite-volume, Eulerian–Lagrangian algorithms, such as UnTRIM and ELCIRC, have enjoyed considerable success recently in simulating 3D estuarine and coastal circulation. However, opportunities for improving the accuracy of this type of models were identified during extensive simulations of a tightly coupled estuary–plume–shelf system in the Columbia River system. Efforts to improve numerical accuracy resulted in SELFE, a new finite-element model for cross-scale ocean modeling. SELFE retains key benefits, including computational efficiency of existing semi-implicit Eulerian–Lagrangian finite-volume models, but relaxes restrictions on grids, uses higher-order shape functions for elevation, and enables superior flexibility in representing the bathymetry. Better representation of the bathymetry is enabled by a novel, “localized” vertical grid that resembles unstructured grids. At a particular horizontal location, SELFE uses either S coordinates or SZ coordinates, but the equations are consistently solved in Z space. SELFE also performs well relative to volume conservation and spurious oscillations, two problems that plague some finite-element models. This paper introduces SELFE as an open-source code available for community use and enhancement. The main focus here is on describing the formulation of the model and on showing results for a range of progressively demanding benchmark tests. While leaving details to separate publications, we also briefly illustrate the superior performance of SELFE over ELCIRC in a field application to the Columbia River estuary and plume.     

A modified peak‐bagging technique for fitting low‐𝓁 solar p‐modes

We introduce a modified version of a standard power spectrum ‘peak‐bagging’ technique which is designed to gain some of the advantages that fitting the entire low‐degree p‐mode power spectrum simultaneously would bring, but without the problems involved in fitting a model incorporating many hundreds of parameters. Employing Monte‐Carlo simulations we show that by using this modified fitting code it is possible to determine the true background level in the vicinity of the p‐mode peaks. In addition to this we show how small biases in other mode parameters, which are related to inaccurate estimates of the true background, are also consequently removed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

多普勒雷达资料4DVAR同化反演的模拟研究

利用Sun等建立的同化模式和四维变分同化方法对多普勒雷达资料反演大气风场、热力场和微物理场进行了模拟试验研究.反演的基本思路是将4DVAR同化方法应用到三维云模式,定义价值函数表征雷达资料与模式预报结果之间的差别,通过极小化价值函数得到反演场,价值函数相对模式控制变量的梯度由伴随模式求取.试验结果表明,4DVAR同化技术能够从单(双)多普勒雷达资料反演大气三维风场、热力场和微物理场.各个变量反演精度高低与同化过程中变量受约束的大小程度呈正相关.速度场和雨水场反演精度较高,温度场、云水和水汽的反演精度次之,温度场的准确反演需要较长的同化时间.价值函数中加入背景场,哪怕是单点探空给出的平均场信息也有利于提高反演精度.在采用单部多普勒雷达资料进行反演时,速度场的反演误差较大.反演区相对雷达站的位置变化对速度场反演结果有一定的影响,而对其他变量的反演影响很小.两个时次的雷达观测资料基本足够提供反演所需的时间演变信息,同化更多时次的雷达资料,反演效果改进很小.雷达观测资料的缺值会显著降低同化效果,甚至可能导致同化失败,引入背景场可以改善这一状况.4DVAR同化技术对于雷达观测资料误差不太敏感.利用双多普勒雷达合成风场提供水平风场边界条件是比较准确可靠的.在反演主体离边界较远时,VAD风场也基本可用作水平风场边界条件.微物理场的反演对模式中的微物理参数化方案较敏感.     

土壤碳储量计算中不同插值方法对比研究——以吉林省大安市为例

土壤碳储量问题是大气温室效应和全球变化研究的热点问题。本文采用“单位土壤碳量”方法,计算了吉林省大安市表层土壤有机碳总储量和平均土壤有机碳储量,以为全球碳循环研究提供精确的基础数据。分析和比较了反距离加权、全局多项式、局部多项式、径向基函数和普通克里格等不同插值模型对表层单位土壤有机碳储量空间插值结果的影响,结果表明全局多项式插值的均差最小,径向基函数中张力样条法的平均绝对误差最小,普通克里格法的标准差最小。综合分析来看,普通克里格的有理二次方程式模型插值精度最高。      

Cassini图像中受散射光影响的7颗土星近环内卫星的天体测量

卡西尼号探测器携带了光学成像科学子系统(ISS: Imaging Science Subsystem), 在2004--2017年间拍摄了一些土星内卫星的图像. 部分图像中土星内卫星非常靠近土星环, 观测对象受土星环散射光影响导致测量精度差, 甚至无法测量. 由此提出一种适用于这类图像的背景消除算法, 可对受土星光环散射光影响的土星内卫星进行测量. 归算了7颗近环内卫星(土卫十(Janus)、土卫十一(Epimetheus)、土卫十五(Atlas)、土卫十六(Prometheus)、土卫十七(Pandora)、土卫三十二(Methone)和土卫四十九(Anthe))的70张ISS图像, 并与不消除散射光的方法进行了比较. 结果显示, 该方法至少可以提高43%的精度. 和喷气推进实验室的土星卫星历表\lk SAT415相比, 测量得到的赤经和赤纬方向的残差均值分别为0.72km和2.26km, 标准差分别为10.99km和11.36km.