区域经济空间结构理论与方法的回顾

区域经济空间结构理论的发展经历了从19世纪初-20世纪40年代的基于产业、企业的区位选择、空间行为和组织结构规律性研究阶段,和二次世界大战以后-20世纪80年代的区域总体空间结构与形态演化规律研究阶段,以及20世纪80年代以后的新空间经济学阶段.研究重点从抽象的纯理论研究演变为从总体出发寻求各种经济主体在空间中的最优组合与分异的区域经济空间结构演化理论研究.对于区域经济空问结构研究,经典区位论所揭示的区域经济活动的空间分布形态,基本上概括了区域经济空间分异的主要特征性规律,是当今区域经济空间结构演化的基础性理论.区域经济空间结构演化理论是区域经济空间结构演化研究的主要理论,这些理论不仅可以为区域经济空间结构演化研究提供理论范式,也为区域经济空间结构研究提供有益的启示.新空间经济学对经济活动的空间集聚和增长集聚的动力分析,为区域经济空间结构演化研究提供了新思路与方法.伴随区域经济空间结构演化理论的发展,其相应的方法也从静态分析模拟逐步向动态过程的空间演化模拟发展.新方法与技术手段在区域空间结构演变研究中已开始发挥越来越重要的作用,特别是复杂性科学方法和GIS与RS技术的结合展示出良好的应用前景.     

花江峡谷喀斯特区土壤质量两种定量化评价方法研究

选取贵州省花江峡谷喀斯特区5种主要的土地利用类型（灌丛、乔木林、人工林、耕地、草坡）研究土地利用方式对土壤质量的影响。研究结果表明:不同土地利用类型下土壤质量有显著差异。本文应用土壤质量指数法及退化指数法对花江峡谷喀斯特区不同的土地利用方式下土壤质量的变化情况进行定量化的对比研究,得出相同的变化趋势,即灌丛>乔木林>人工林>耕地>草坡。并且相关性分析表明,两种定量评价方法的土壤综合质量指数与土壤退化指数之间存在线性相关性（R2=9.277）,说明两种评价方法都能有效地反映不同土地利用方式下土壤质量的变化情况。      

A new multiscale scheme for computing statistical moments in single phase flow in heterogeneous porous media

In this work we develop a new multiscale procedure to compute numerically the statistical moments of the stochastic variables which govern single phase flow in heterogeneous porous media. The technique explores the properties of the log-normally distributed hydraulic conductivity, characterized by power-law or exponential covariances, which shows invariance in its statistical structure upon a simultaneous change of the scale of observation and strength of heterogeneity. We construct a family of equivalent stochastic hydrodynamic variables satisfying the same flow equations at different scales and strengths of heterogeneity or correlation lengths. Within the new procedure the governing equations are solved in a scaled geology and the numerical results are mapped onto the original medium at coarser scales by a straightforward rescaling. The new procedure is implemented numerically within the Monte Carlo algorithm and also in conjunction with the discretization of the low-order effective equations derived from perturbation analysis. Numerical results obtained by the finite element method show the accuracy of the new procedure to approximated the two first moments of the pressure and velocity along with its potential in reducing drastically the computational cost involved in the numerical modeling of both power-law and exponential covariance functions.     

On reproducing uniform flow exactly on general hexahedral cells using one degree of freedom per surface

The solution of second order elliptic partial differential equations typically arising for flow problems, e.g., in porous media, is frequently expressed as face fluxes of a flow field at hexahedral cells. In this letter, we show by example that the following properties are incompatible: (1) A local velocity reconstruction, (2) reproduction of uniform flow for general hexahedral cells, and (3) a flow field in H(div). This is in particular relevant to mixed finite element methods approximating H(div), and to other methods trying to reconstruct a flow field in a hexahedron using only local face fluxes, e.g., streamline tracing methods for reservoir simulation.     

综合地球物理方法对南海西北部-印支半岛地区中生界分布的研究

南海西北部是我国海洋油气的重要基地.为了研究该区前新生代尤其是中生代油气资源潜力,本文以岩石物性的差异为基础,建立地质界面与物性界面的联系,利用综合地球物理方法来分析目标物性界面的分布特征.在地震资料控制浅层沉积结构的约束下,根据重力资料,通过小波分析位场剥离等方法得到剩余场,由Parker界面反演法反演计算了研究区的重力基底,结合新生代沉积分布得出中生界分布特征并给出了中生代残留盆地的可能分布范围,为分析研究区中生代油气资源潜力提供参考.     

A length-biased version of the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution with application in water quality

In this article, we develop a new model based on the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution that results to be both useful and practical for environmental sciences. The density, distribution and hazard functions, moments and properties of this new model are presented. A graphical analysis of the density is also provided. Furthermore, we estimate parameters, propose asymptotic inference and discuss influence diagnostics by using likelihood methods for the new distribution. An illustrative example with real data related to water quality indicates the adequacy on the new distribution.     

Stream Temperature Trends in Turkey

Stream temperature is an important property of water and affects most other water quality constituents. It is also a property which is very much influenced by exogenous factors like air temperature and stream flow. This study investigates long‐term trends in stream temperatures measured at various stream monitoring stations in Turkey to better understand links with climate change. It was found by statistical trend analysis that more streams have experienced decreasing trends than increasing ones. Moreover, stream temperatures show a rising tendency in most stations over Turkey. Flow‐adjusted temperatures were computed to eliminate flow dependency and these show more positive than negative trends. Management plans of streams and watersheds need to take this into account and incorporate the implications into plans.     

曲线拟合法对路基小变形情形适用性研究

双曲线法、三点法、指数曲线法和Asaoka法等曲线拟合法在软土路基的沉降预测中已经得到广泛应用,但在路基小变形情形的应用研究尚少。结合某铁路客运专线施工现场观测的路基小变形数据,对这4种方法,探讨了时间起点和样本值的起止时间间隔对相关系数的影响,且验算后期观测值的预测效果;并综合考虑了相关系数和相对误差,研究每种方法的适用性;指出了4种拟合方法在路基小变形情形应用的优缺点。研究表明：数据的波动会造成指数曲线法无法计算;沉降数据波动较小时,双曲线法、三点法、Asaoka法的拟合效果均较好;当沉降数据波动较大时,仅三点法、Asaoka法的拟合效果较好,双曲线法较差。     

主体功能区划的研究现状与思考

对主体功能区划相关理论、实践方法进行了梳理和分析,综述了主体功能区划研究动态和存在问题,在此基础上,对主体功能区划进一步研究中需要解决的几个问题,如主体功能区概念内涵、主体功能区划与相关规划的关系与衔接、区域发展政策保障、主体功能区划实践技术方法中争议较多的问题如划分单元、划分方法与指标等进行了探讨。     

云南省岩溶水地球物理探测实践

由于岩溶发育的不均匀性,决定了岩溶水的埋藏分布也具有不均匀的特征,含水层富水性的空间差异极大。岩溶水的不均匀性给岩溶水勘查和开发工作带来了很大的困难,以至于裸露型岩溶石山区的供水勘探孔成井率仍然很低。