Advance in Pollen Source Area

The conception of pollen source area has attracted broadly attention since it was proposed in the 1960s. In this paper,it can be subdivided into Normal Source Area of Pollen (NSAP) and Relevant Source Area of Pollen (RSAP) based on reviewing former studies and our recent work of vegetation survey and pollen analysis in the Northern China. The NSAP means a source area of pollen input a sedimentary basin,indicating a distance area beyond where the pollen contents of major pollen types do not show evident increase with increased distance. The RSAP means a source area of pollen assemblages in a basin has the closest relationship with surrounding plants,indicating a distance area beyond where the relationship between pollen assemblage and surrounding vegetation do not show obvious increase with increased distance. The changes of sedimentary basins radii and pollen grain size influence the NSAP and RSAP evidently. Wind speed also changes the NSAP, but does not significantly affect RSAP. The pollen of a sedimentary basin is composed of local pollen,regional pollen and extra regional pollen,which usually account for 30%~45%,25%~60% and 10%~30%,respectively. Local pollen which refers to the pollen coming within the RSAP range,is a reflection of the surrounding vegetation,and has important implications to the reconstruction and succession of local vegetation. Regional pollen which refers to the pollen coming from within the range of NSAP and excluding the range of local pollen,is the important carrier of studies for vegetation restoration and climate change. The pollen that comes outside the range of NSAP is called Extra regional pollen,which is mainly from greater distance by upper air flow,and has no indicator significance to the regional vegetation.     

Remote detection of bare soil moisture using a surface-temperature-based soil evaporation transfer coefficient

An approach for estimating soil moisture is presented and tested by using surface-temperature-based soil evaporation transfer coefficient (h_a), a coefficient recently proposed through the equation h_a = (T_s − T_a)/(T_sd − T_a), where T_s, T_sd, and T_a are land surface temperature (LST), reference soil (dry soil without evaporation) surface temperature, and air temperature respectively. Our analysis and controllable experiment indicated that h_a closely related to soil moisture, and therefore, a relationship between field soil moisture and h_a could be developed for soil moisture estimation. Field experiments were carried out to test the relationship between h_a and soil moisture. Time series Aqua-MODIS images were acquired between 11 Sep. 2006 and 1 Nov. 2007. Then, MODIS derived h_a and simultaneous measured soil moisture for different soil depths were used to establish the relations between the two variables. Results showed that there was a logarithmic relationship between soil moisture and h_a (P < 0.01). These logarithmic models were further validated by introducing another ground-truth data gathered from 46 meteorological stations in Hebei Province. Good agreement was observed between the measured and estimated soil moisture with RMSE of 0.0374 cm³/cm³ and 0.0503 cm³/cm³ for surface energy balance method at two soil depths (10 cm and 20 cm), with RMSE of 0.0467 cm³/cm³ and 0.0581 cm³/cm³ for maximum temperature method at two soil depths. For vegetated surfaces, the ratio of h_a and NDVI suggested to be considered. The proposed approach has a great potential for soil moisture and drought evaluation by remote sensing.     

高速公路路基沉降预测的神经网络模型

软土地基的沉降控制是保证高速公路建设质量的一个关键技术.论文主要介绍了一个对高速公路路基沉降进行预测的神经网络模型.对神经网络的BP算法进行了改进,提高了BP算法的学习收敛速度和网络性能的稳定性.神经网络法预测路基沉降的难点之一是合适的训练样本构造问题,论文提出了新颖独特的“训练样本”构造方法,且应用效果良好.利用路基沉降量实测资料直接建模,采用BP网络计算的改进算法,可较为准确地预测大约4个月之后的沉降量,预测值与实测值吻合较好.     

网形不一致的工程控制网稳定性分析

对于施工周期较长的大型工程,通常需要对控制网进行定期复测和稳定性分析。控制网复测期间,有时会遇到点位破坏或增设新点等情况,从而使两期控制网的网形不一致。针对控制网无固定起算点和网形改变的问题,讨论控制网的稳定性分析方法,并进行实例分析,为控制网的正确使用提供重要保证。     

利用几何网络提取河网径流节点的方法研究

本文分析了河网径流节点的基本特征及分类,论述了基于ArcGIS水文分析模块提取河网径流的方法,并在此基础上提出了基于几何网络提取河网径流节点的方法.该方法提取得到的径流节点,除能表达其位置信息外,属性表中还记录了径流节点类型、汇流等级情况信息.实例表明该方法原理简单,易于操作实现,提取效果与实际地貌情况基本相符,可以广...     

磁浮交通试验线压力管道直线度的测量方法研究及应用

目前,国内外对于磁浮交通真空压力管道直线度测量问题的研究较少。本文结合西南交通大学在建的真空磁浮高速列车试验装置,提出了一种真空压力管道直线度测量方法。该方法在管道内建立高精度=维控制网,依据三维控制网测量采用圆曲线拟合方法确定各节管道的圆心坐标,并采用直线拟合方法分析整个管道的直线度。最后依据上述方法编制程序对实测数据进行了处理分析,验证了方法的可行性和正确性,可为今后真空磁浮压力管道的建设提供技术参考。     

利用Faster R-CNN进行立交桥自动识别与定位

立交桥结构的自动识别对道路网多尺度建模、空间分析和车辆导航具有重要意义.传统基于矢量数据的立交桥识别方法过分依赖人工设计的特征,对复杂场景的适应性较差.本文提出了一种基于目标检测Faster R-CNN神经网络模型的立交桥识别方法,该方法利用卷积神经网络学习立交桥样本的深层次结构特征,进而实现立交桥的自动识别与准确定位...     

利用风云3D微波成像仪数据估算北极海冰密集度的精度评价

卷积神经网络（convolutional neural network, CNN）已用于星载全球导航卫星系统反射测量（global navigation satellite system-reflectometry,GNSS-R）海冰检测,其具有数据预处理简单、最大限度保留反射面信息等优势,但已有GNSS-R CNN海冰检测方法研究的数据集时间跨度较小,代表性有限,且未考虑训练集内海水、海冰时延多普勒图（delay-Doppler map, DDM）的比例对方法泛化能力的影响。针对该问题,首先提出一种筛除畸形DDM方法,有效筛除错误数据;然后,设计合适的CNN结构及参数,通过小样本对比实验发现CNN模型在训练集内海水、海冰DDM的比例为1∶1时具有高准确率和最佳泛化能力,并优化数据集选取策略;最后使用2018年全年大样本数据集评估改进的方法在大数据量和大时间跨度时的有效性和可靠性。研究表明,改进的方法通过加强数据质量控制、优化数据集选取策略,提升了CNN海冰检测方法的泛化能力及可靠性,使其更适用于实际应用场景,为海冰消融等研究提供参考。

     

秩亏水准网平差公式的一维表达式

秩亏水准网按附加条件法平差的法方程系数阵和参数先验权阵具有对称特性,利用此特性和水准网附加矩阵的特殊形式,以及文献［２］中给出的线性方程组未知数及其函数、系数阵逆阵计算的一维公式,可导出秩亏水准网按附加条件法平差的一维平差计算公式,使秩亏水准网平差计算和程序设计简单易行。     

利用一种自动识别算法移除天气雷达反射率因子中的亮带

该文介绍了一种自动识别和移除雷达反射率因子资料中亮带的算法, 并对该算法进行了初步测试。该算法利用的是插值到直角坐标系中的雷达反射率因子资料, 其配置和运行也相对简单, 但却对移除亮带比较有效。首先, 设定一套雷达反射率因子垂直廓线的理想模板, 这些理想的模板能够在最大程度上反映不同亮带存在区域的雷达实际反射率因子的垂直廓线特征。然后, 在水平方向每个点上, 进行理想模板和实际反射率因子垂直廓线在垂直和水平两个方向上的拟合和差异计算, 来自动识别雷达反射率因子中存在的连续亮带区域。最后, 利用亮带之上和亮带之下的反射率因子值对亮带中的反射率因子值进行插值纠正, 就可以移除亮带。利用位于天津塘沽的我国新一代天气雷达 (CINRAD/SA) 的反射率因子资料, 通过个例分析和准业务运行试验, 均表明这个简单算法可以识别和移除绝大多数影响雷达定量降水估计的反射率因子亮带区域, 但是实际雷暴区域的反射率因子特征受到该算法的影响比较小。计算分析还表明, 在京津地区的初夏, 上述亮带区域一般容易出现在2.5 km左右的高度处。