The South East Regional Marine Plan: Implementing Australia's Oceans Policy

In 1998, the Australian Government released Australia's Oceans Policy (AOP), a world first policy initiative focused on providing a framework for integrated ecosystem-based management of Australia's vast marine domain. The South East Regional Marine Plan, the first regional marine plan to be implemented under AOP, was released on 21 May 2004. This paper argues that although full integration across sectors and jurisdictions has not occurred, new AOP initiatives, institutions and governance processes have considerably increased sectoral and jurisdictional coordination in the South East region.     

Fine resolution 3D temperature fields off Kerguelen from instrumented penguins

The use of diving animals as autonomous vectors of oceanographic instruments is rapidly increasing, because this approach yields cost-efficient new information and can be used in previously poorly sampled areas. However, methods for analyzing the collected data are still under development. In particular, difficulties may arise from the heterogeneous data distribution linked to animals’ behavior. Here we show how raw temperature data collected by penguin-borne loggers were transformed to a regular gridded dataset that provided new information on the local circulation off Kerguelen. A total of 16 king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) were equipped with satellite-positioning transmitters and with temperature–time–depth recorders (TTDRs) to record dive depth and sea temperature. The penguins’ foraging trips recorded during five summers ranged from 140 to 600 km from the colony and 11,000 dives >100 m were recorded. Temperature measurements recorded during diving were used to produce detailed 3D temperature fields of the area (0–200 m). The data treatment included dive location, determination of the vertical profile for each dive, averaging and gridding of those profiles onto 0.1°×0.1° cells, and optimal interpolation in both the horizontal and vertical using an objective analysis. Horizontal fields of temperature at the surface and 100 m are presented, as well as a vertical section along the main foraging direction of the penguins. Compared to conventional temperature databases (Levitus World Ocean Atlas and historical stations available in the area), the 3D temperature fields collected from penguins are extremely finely resolved, by one order finer. Although TTDRs were less accurate than conventional instruments, such a high spatial resolution of penguin-derived data provided unprecedented detailed information on the upper level circulation pattern east of Kerguelen, as well as the iron-enrichment mechanism leading to a high primary production over the Kerguelen Plateau.     

人工神经网络方法反演东中国海悬移质浓度

海中悬移质是决定海洋光学性质、海洋水质,河口海岸带演变动力过程的重要环境参数。本文利用模拟遥感反射比数据集建立人工神经网络反演悬移质浓度,并利用东中国海现场同步数据对该算法进行验证。     

星载SAR浅海水下地形和水深测量模拟仿真──水下地形高度、坡度和方向与可测水深分析

根据星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)浅海水下地形和水深成像机理,建立了浅海水下地形和水深雷达后向散射截面仿真模型.利用该模型模拟并分析了不同地形条件下,浅海水下地形的雷达后向散射截面.分析结果表明,水下地形高度越高,SAR可测量的水深越深;水下地形坡度越大,越易被SAR所观测.水下地形的星载SAR测量还与水下地形的方向有关,与卫星飞行方向平行的水下地形最易被SAR观测,与卫星飞行方向垂直的水下地形最不易被SAR观测.     

基于BP人工神经网络的水体遥感测深方法研究

利用Landsat7ETM＋遥感图像反射率和实测水深值之间的相关性,建立了动量BP人工神经网络水深反演模型,并对长江口南港河段水深进行了反演.结果表明：具有较强非线性映射能力的动量BP神经网络模型能较好地反演出长江口南港河段的水深分布情况;由于受长江口水体高含沙量的影响,模型对小于5 m的水深值反演精度较高,而对大于10 m的水深值反演精度较低.     

煤矿区地质环境与地质灾害遥感集成监测系统的关键技术

面向“数字矿山”应用系统的需要,在分析煤矿区地质环境和地质灾害特点及其在遥感监测理论依据的基础上,提出了煤矿区地质环境与地质灾害遥感集成监测系统的技术思路和体系结构,强调各种监测技术手段、不同时空尺度、不同数据源和不同主题信息的集成,并针对这一集成系统实现与应用中的多目标遥感信息处理、环境传感器网络应用、遥感监测数据与专题分析模型的集成、数据质量控制等关键问题进行了探讨。     

基于GIS的城市交通网络要素可视化表达方法研究

城市交通网络要素的可视化表达是GIS—T研究和应用领域中的一个难题,本文在对目前流行的交通网络数据模型进行系统研究的基础上,选择了动态分段技术下的结点-弧段模型,对交通网络复杂要素进行可视化表达,并对城市交通网络要素的可视化表达方法和形式进行了分析,最后结合交通网络复杂要素的可视化表达,设计和创建了具体的数据结构表和数据结构图。     

基于BP神经网络的地图数字化误差纠正

由于在数字化采集过程中不可避免地会引入系统误差和异常误差,因此消除和削弱这些误差的影响是提高空间数据质量的关键。然而由于图纸变形不均匀,扫描误差又极其复杂,用常规的多项式拟合技术只能消除部分有规律的系统误差,很难完全消除它们对地图数字化坐标的影响。BP神经网络是一个高度非线性映射系统,能以任意精度逼近。结合地图数字化坐标改正的特点,本文给出了基于BP神经网络地图数字化坐标误差纠正的方法,并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

供水管网地理信息系统中爆管分析的算法研究

爆管关阀分析是供水管网地理信息系统中重要的空间分析功能之一,目前已建系统的爆管分析功能存在着算法繁琐或功能简单、不具通用性等缺点。本文以高质量的源数据为基础,根据系统和爆管分析的需求建立合理的数据模型,设计了爆管关阀分析算法,该算法克服现有算法的不足,剔除了可关可不关的阀门,得到正确、经济的关阀门方案,并列出了受影响的用户。将此设计方案应用于"新疆石油管理局供水地理信息系统"中,成功地实现了爆管分析,体现出了该算法简洁、高效、准确、通用的优越性。