根据IGRF计算1995～2000年中国及邻区地磁长期变化

根据最新的第七代国际地磁参考场,计算并绘制１９９５～２０００年中国及邻区地磁长期变化图,分析了长期变化的空间变化。     

ECMWF参考大气谱模式在Convex320机上的发展

将ＥＣＭＷＦ预报模式移植到Ｃｏｎｖｅｘ３２０机上，修改了Ｉ／Ｏ结构，使得该模式在该机上顺利运行，在模式中引入了参考大气。计算了６个实例，取得了较好的结果，另外，在该模式上还ＣＸＳ格式，节省了计算时间，也提高了计算精度。     

太阳系质心参考系与地心参考系中的激光测距问题

给出了太阳系质心参考系（BRS）和地心参考系（GRS）中的相对论激光测距理论模型,并且利用现有的坐标变换关系证明两种模型在毫米级的精度上是完全等价的。最后指出,由IERS推荐的坐标变换公式与激光测距模型之间存在不自洽性,这种不自恰性对激光测月（LLR）的影响可达约10cm。     

地心非旋转坐标系中卫星共视法时间比对计算模型

卫星导航定位系统测距的基础是测时,定轨和定位的前提是各观测量的时间同步,因此,时间同步技术是卫星导航定位系统建设的关键技术基础之一。卫星导航定位系统中时间同步技术包括卫星与地面（星-地）和地面站间（地-地）的时间同步。在本文中,根据卫星共视法时间比对的基本原理,分别从数学角度和几何角度详细推导了地心非旋转坐标系中卫星共视法时间比对的基本计算模型,从而为实现站间高精度的时间同步提供了一些参考。     

基于多参考站网络的VRS算法研究与实现

多参考站网络的建立,为网络RTK的实现奠定了基础。虚拟参考站技术是网络RTK的一种,它以众多的优势代表了网络RTK的主要发展趋势。简单介绍了VRS系统的工作原理;从基准站间双差改正数的生成、虚拟观测值的生成和流动站处的定位解算3个方面,详细推导了VRS的数学模型;针对差分改正信息,提出了综合误差内插算法;最后,利用4个已知点的观测数据,结合编程计算,证明了文中VRS数学模型的正确性,为虚拟参考站系统的进一步研究提供依据。     

Correction of apparent position shifts caused by GNSS antenna changes

Antenna changes at GNSS reference stations frequently produce discontinuities in the coordinate time series. These apparent position shifts are mainly caused by changes of carrier-phase multipath effects and different errors in the antenna phase center corrections. A monitoring method was developed and successfully tested, which requires additional GNSS observations from a local, temporary reference station. Changes of carrier-phase measurement errors due to the antenna change are determined and stored in L1 and L2 phase maps. These phase maps provide corrections to be applied either to the observation data obtained before the antenna change or to the observation data obtained after the antenna change. The observation corrections are able to remove coordinate discontinuities independent of the selected coordinate estimation algorithm.

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The decrease in shear stress and increase in transport rates subsequent to an increase in sand supply to a gravel-bed channel

It is generally accepted that a gravel-bed river will aggrade if the supply of sediment to the river is increased. In a series of flume experiments using constant discharge and gravel feed rate, sand feed rates were increased to 6.1 times that of gravel. The slope of the bed decreased with increasing sand supply, indicating that the increased sediment load could be transported at the same rate due to a decrease in shear stresses. These results extend previous experiments to a wider range of boundary conditions. A recent surface transport model is used to predict the changes in bed composition and transport using the same sediment supply composition and feed rates as in the laboratory experiments. This model reasonably predicts a decrease in the reference shear stresses of the sand and gravel fractions as the sand supply is increased. An increase in sand supply can increase the mobility of gravel fractions in the stream bed, which can lead to bed degradation and preferential evacuation of these sediments from the river.     

SHEAR STRESS FOR INITIATION OF MOTION OF NON-UNIFORM SEDIMENT MIXTURES

Experiments on initiation of motion of different fractions of non-uniform sediment mixtures are reported. Four sediment mixes and reference transport method to define the threshold of bed particle movement are used in this analysis. Factors controlling the initiation of motion are analyzed. It is found that relative size of different grains with respect to a median size greatly affects the initiation of movement. The incipient motion of non-uniform sediment is very much dependent on the absolute size for coarser fractions. Considering the factors controlling the initiation of motion the experimental data sets along with the other available data yield a new relationship for the calculation of critical shear stress of non-uniform sediments. A set of equations have found that all the data points fall into a single line for the finer and for coarser fractions.     

依巴谷输入星表和临时星表H37与射电天球参考架之间的旋转参数

通过比较地球定向参数（EOP）序列和对应的地因参考架，得到了依巴谷输入星表（HIC）和临时星表H37与国际地球自转服务（IERS）基于甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI）建立的河外天球参考架（ICRF）之间的旋转参数。在J2000．0历元，HIC和H37至ICRF的旋转分别为[7．4±1．1mas，70．0±1．2mas，86．8±6.9mas]和[－27.4±1.0mas，10.4±1．0mas，70．3±4．6mas]。由于光学仪器位置坐标精度较低，第三个旋转角的可信度较差。