浅谈房产测绘及检查

房产测绘是常规的测绘技术与房产管理业务相结合的专业测绘。本文主要介绍了房产测绘工作的前期准备、外业测量、内业绘图、成果整理及其检查工作,阐述了房产测绘中CitoRS软件的应用,并介绍了房产管理的重要作用。     

中尺度大气数值模式发展现状和应用前景

对国内外当前一些先进的中尺度大气数值模式的发展现状,应用前景及发展趋势作了概要综述。其内容包括：模式动力学的改进,叫就度模拟系统特征,区域谱模 发展积云参数化和显式云物理方案,行星边界层参数化,大气辐射参数、四维资料同化,区域实时数值天气预报,中尺度数值天气预报应用前景及新一代中尺度模式发展趋势。     

论真误差拟准解的基本特性

本文将回答这样一个问题：为什么拟准检定法能准确地定位粗差并估计出粗差大小？首先从理论上论证真误差的估值的重要特性：真误差拟准解的大小完全由它对应的观测值中的粗差决定,因此它能直接反映粗差的位置和大小。本文还用算例验证了这一结论。     

GIS支持下的宗地估价与管理系统的设计与开发

我国经济的飞速发展,使得信息化的需求越来越迫切,而土地估价长期依赖手工操作,效率低、质量不高,难以准确、高效地完成各种设定目的条件下宗地估价业务。随着GIS的兴起和发展,为空间数据的存储和管理提供了可能。通过对地价管理系统的设计与开发,阐述了GIS在系统开发中的应用,实现了计算机辅助的土地估价,宗地图形和属性查询、分析...     

Late Quaternary glacial chronology on Nevado Illimani, Bolivia, and the implications for paleoclimatic reconstructions across the Andes

¹⁰Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure ages from moraines on Nevado Illimani, Cordillera Real, Bolivia suggest that glaciers retreated from moraines during the periods 15.5-13.0 ka, 10.0-8.5 ka, and 3.5-2.0 ka. Late glacial moraines at Illimani are associated with an ELA depression of 400-600 m, which is consistent with other local reconstructions of late glacial ELAs in the Eastern Cordillera of the central Andes. A comparison of late glacial ELAs between the Eastern Cordillera and Western Cordillera indicates a marked change toward flattening of the east-to-west regional ELA gradient. This flattening is consistent with increased precipitation from the Pacific during the late glacial period.     

Projection Pursuit Evaluation Model: Optimizing Scheme of Crop Planning for Agricultural Sustainable Development and Soil Resources Utilization

Planting structure influences the economic, social, and ecological benefits of crop farming as well as the use efficiency of water and arable land resources, and so crop planning (CP) benefits for agricultural sustainable development and soil resources utilization. The projection pursuit evaluation (PPE) model is put forward to solve the problem of selecting an optimizing scheme for CP by considering the indices of water‐saving and economic, social, and ecological benefits. The real‐coding‐based accelerating genetic algorithm (RAGA) is introduced to accelerate the calculation process. The model can translate multi‐indices into a single index by transforming high‐dimensional data to low‐dimensional space, which helps evaluate CP optimizing schemes. For example, the model is used to evaluate and select an optimal scheme of CP in the middle reaches of the Heihe mainstream basin in the arid area of northwest China. According to four criteria (high efficiency of resources use, economic rationality, social equity, and ecological security) 19 indices were chosen to evaluate 12 optimizing schemes of four kinds (economic‐benefit, food‐security, ecological‐benefit, and water‐saving programs) in 2006, 2020, and 2030. The result shows that, in the 3 years, the water‐saving program is always the optimized scheme in an arid region with water deficiency and fragile ecology. The evaluated results match up to the developmental conditions of crop farming in recent years. Moreover, the direction of the optimal projection could reflect the weight and orientation of indices objectively and accurately.     

Real time earthquake forecasting in Italy

We have applied an earthquake clustering epidemic model to real time data at the Italian Earthquake Data Center operated by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) for short-term forecasting of moderate and large earthquakes in Italy. In this epidemic-type model every earthquake is regarded, at the same time, as being triggered by previous events and triggering following earthquakes. The model uses earthquake data only, with no explicit use of tectonic, geologic, or geodetic information. The forecasts are displayed as time-dependent maps showing both the expected rate density of M_l ≥ 4.0 earthquakes and the probability of ground shaking exceeding Modified Mercalli Intensity VI (PGA ≥ 0.01 g) in an area of 100 × 100 km² around the zone of maximum expected rate density in the following 24 h. For testing purposes, the overall probability of occurrence of an M_l ≥ 4.5 earthquake in the same area of 100 × 100 km² is also estimated. The whole procedure is tested in real time, for internal use only, at the INGV Earthquake Data Center.Forecast verification procedures have been carried out in forward-retrospective way on the 2006–2007 INGV data set, making use of statistical tools as the Relative Operating Characteristics (ROC) diagrams. These procedures show that the clustering epidemic model performs up to several hundred times better than a simple random forecasting hypothesis. The seismic hazard modeling approach so developed, after a suitable period of testing and refinement, is expected to provide a useful contribution to real time earthquake hazard assessment, even with a possible practical application for decision making and public information.     

唐山滦县震区视磁化强度分布与地震关系的研究

依据频率域磁化强度反演方法和程序，对唐山滦县震区航磁资料进行了数据处理，求取了该区视磁化强度的水平分布。反演结果反映了震区地壳内不同规模、不同物性的地壳岩体在平面上的投影。本文结合唐山滦县震区地震的时空分布及破裂方向，对该区地震的孕育及发生过程进行了探讨。     

全息物理模型试验

本文提出了开展全息地震勘探研究的前期实验装置及处理方法。该装置是根据声全息原理,结合地震勘探的某些实际要求设计的,并以矿石作为物体,在消声水槽中进行成像试验,获得了全息图;再采用氦氖激光为光源,在平行光路系统中得到物体重建像;最后采用了PROM器件作为空间调制器,在实时相干光系统中进行边缘增强效应处理,获得了轮廓清晰的物体图。     

GPS精密单点定位技术在像控测量中的应用

本文在分析了GPS相对定位及其RTK在像控中应用的优缺点后,提出了精密单点定位进行像控测量的方法。通过实例证明这种方案是完全可行的,并得出了一些对生产实际有益的结论。