GPS参考站网建设的研究

本文论述了作者对GPS参考站建设技术的研究,包括GPS参考站网的概念、性能技术指标、类型选择及其优缺点分析、建设基本参考站网的过程,并展望了建立山东省GPS参考站网的美好前景。     

实时数据处理系统在乌鲁木齐遥测地震台网中的作用

乌鲁木齐遥测地震台网是目前国内同类台网中孔经最大、直传距离最远的全无线传输网络。对于控制乌鲁木齐及北疆部分地区的地震活动起到重作用。除了传统的模拟信号记录外，实时事件数字采集和相应数据处理系统成为该台网的特色之一。本文将详细介绍该系统的软硬件配置、信道及参数选择、运行功能等方面的情况；最后使用１９９３年９￣１１月发生在相应区域内的地震对采集效果和定位能力进行检验。     

论真误差拟准解的基本特性

本文将回答这样一个问题：为什么拟准检定法能准确地定位粗差并估计出粗差大小？首先从理论上论证真误差的估值的重要特性：真误差拟准解的大小完全由它对应的观测值中的粗差决定,因此它能直接反映粗差的位置和大小。本文还用算例验证了这一结论。     

Development of real-time acoustic image recognition system using by autonomous marine vehicle

Automation of complicated underwater tasks require acoustic image based object recognition. This paper presents an acoustic image based real-time object recognition system. We proposed an acoustic image predictor to estimate an object's shape in advance. Depending on the acoustic camera's position, the predictor generates optimal template for recognition. The proposed method is implemented in our autonomous marine vehicle. For real-time processing, efficient recognition strategies are addressed. The vehicle detects an object and localizes it for recognition. In the detection process, the acoustic image's specific characteristics are used as the detection cues. In the localization process, the vehicle's horizontal and vertical positioning strategies are described. Efficient template generation method to minimize computing power is addressed. This realizes real-time recognition using the vehicle. To estimate the proposed system's accuracy and reliability, a recognition test was carried out in the field. The vehicle successfully recognized two different objects with high accuracy.     

Projection Pursuit Evaluation Model: Optimizing Scheme of Crop Planning for Agricultural Sustainable Development and Soil Resources Utilization

Planting structure influences the economic, social, and ecological benefits of crop farming as well as the use efficiency of water and arable land resources, and so crop planning (CP) benefits for agricultural sustainable development and soil resources utilization. The projection pursuit evaluation (PPE) model is put forward to solve the problem of selecting an optimizing scheme for CP by considering the indices of water‐saving and economic, social, and ecological benefits. The real‐coding‐based accelerating genetic algorithm (RAGA) is introduced to accelerate the calculation process. The model can translate multi‐indices into a single index by transforming high‐dimensional data to low‐dimensional space, which helps evaluate CP optimizing schemes. For example, the model is used to evaluate and select an optimal scheme of CP in the middle reaches of the Heihe mainstream basin in the arid area of northwest China. According to four criteria (high efficiency of resources use, economic rationality, social equity, and ecological security) 19 indices were chosen to evaluate 12 optimizing schemes of four kinds (economic‐benefit, food‐security, ecological‐benefit, and water‐saving programs) in 2006, 2020, and 2030. The result shows that, in the 3 years, the water‐saving program is always the optimized scheme in an arid region with water deficiency and fragile ecology. The evaluated results match up to the developmental conditions of crop farming in recent years. Moreover, the direction of the optimal projection could reflect the weight and orientation of indices objectively and accurately.     

GIS支持下的宗地估价与管理系统的设计与开发

我国经济的飞速发展,使得信息化的需求越来越迫切,而土地估价长期依赖手工操作,效率低、质量不高,难以准确、高效地完成各种设定目的条件下宗地估价业务。随着GIS的兴起和发展,为空间数据的存储和管理提供了可能。通过对地价管理系统的设计与开发,阐述了GIS在系统开发中的应用,实现了计算机辅助的土地估价,宗地图形和属性查询、分析...     

ETKF初值扰动方法中真实观测及扰动调节因子研究

目前国家气象中心业务GRAPES区域集合预报系统中集合变换卡尔曼滤波（ETKF）方法采用的是模拟观测信息，为进一步完善ETKF方法，拟对ETKF初值扰动通过引入真实探空观测资料，使扰动场能够代表真实观测的不确定信息，改善区域集合预报技巧。真实观测资料的引入会使得每日的观测数目和分布发生变化，这对ETKF方法而言可能会引起扰动振幅的不稳定，因此在引入真实观测资料的基础上设计了新的扰动振幅调节因子，通过格点空间中离散度和均方根误差关系来对初值扰动振幅进行自适应调整。从初值扰动结构、概率预报技巧以及降水预报效果等方面对比分析了基于模拟观测、真实观测以及真实观测结合新型调节因子的ETKF方案的差异，结果表明:真实探空资料能够有效应用于GRAPES区域集合预报系统中，真实观测资料与模拟观测资料相比较为稀疏，可以获得更大量级的初值扰动振幅；真实观测资料有助于提高区域集合的离散度，但对集合预报准确度以及概率预报结果的提高有限，对于降水预报效果提高也有限；新型的扰动振幅调节因子可以有效获得稳定的初值扰动振幅，并保持ETKF扰动结构，真实观测资料与扰动振幅自适应调节因子相结合，可以有效提高区域集合的概率预报结果，并有效提高降水预报效果。     

一个诊断非平坦地形上边界层风的数值模式

根据半地转大气边界层模式,由大尺度数值模式并考虑了下垫面地形及粗糙度的水平非均匀性及大尺度气压场的时空变化,给出了一个诊断边界层风的数值模式。对低纬度运用塔层风模式进行诊断。诊断结果与实测资料比较,风向风速均达到了一定的精确度。     

中尺度大气数值模式发展现状和应用前景

对国内外当前一些先进的中尺度大气数值模式的发展现状,应用前景及发展趋势作了概要综述。其内容包括：模式动力学的改进,叫就度模拟系统特征,区域谱模 发展积云参数化和显式云物理方案,行星边界层参数化,大气辐射参数、四维资料同化,区域实时数值天气预报,中尺度数值天气预报应用前景及新一代中尺度模式发展趋势。     

浅谈房产测绘及检查

房产测绘是常规的测绘技术与房产管理业务相结合的专业测绘。本文主要介绍了房产测绘工作的前期准备、外业测量、内业绘图、成果整理及其检查工作,阐述了房产测绘中CitoRS软件的应用,并介绍了房产管理的重要作用。