沥青包裹体的拉曼光谱特征

对石油中的沥青质组分进行了拉曼光谱分析,发现有两种不同的拉曼光谱特征的沥青质:一是具碳质拉曼特征峰的沥青质,二是无碳质拉曼特征峰的沥青质,将前者称为碳质沥青质.对储集砂岩中的深色沥青质包裹体拉曼分析并据其拉曼光谱图特征将这类包裹体分为三种类型:含碳质沥青包裹体、碳质沥青包裹体和沥青包裹体.如果烃包裹体形成后经历了地质构造应力而破裂和地热作用而发生轻组分移出,就形成了沥青包裹体;若再经地质高温变质作用而发生了碳化,就形成碳质沥青包裹体;若只经历地质高温变质作用而发生碳化,组分热解但未移出,可能会形成含碳质沥青包裹体.     

具磷灰石假象绿松石的岩石矿物学及谱学特征

采用x射线粉晶衍射（XRD）、博里叶变换红外光谱（FTI码以及拉曼光谱等方法对安徽马鞍山具磷灰石假象的绿松石进行了研究。结果表明：其主要矿物组成为绿松石,保留了磷灰石六边形的形态特征。XRD~U试的特征谱线d值为36745～36748（111）、29008～29025（123）、34247～34293（2101、32709～32781（113）、61626～61781（011）3020130～20162（301）,与绿松石的标准衍射谱线基本致。红外光谱测试分析表明：3510～3465cm。间的谱带归属绿松石0（OH）的伸缩振动,3300～3070cm’间的谱带归属为绿松Nu（M-H。O）伸缩振动,1210-1012cm’间的谱带归属为绿松石U3口O。）ira缩振动,在838cm。附近的吸收谱带归属为绿松石6（OH）弯曲振动,655-480cm。间的谱带归属为绿松石u4（P04）弯曲振动。拉曼光谱测试分析表明：3466cm’附近的尖锐拉曼谱峰归属于绿松石（OH）基团的伸缩振动所致,宽缓的拉曼谱峰3281cm’~03078cm’归属于绿松石中水合络离子的伸缩振动,798cm’谱峰则是由于OH的弯曲振动所致。     

一种潜在的地质压力计：流体包裹体子矿物的激光拉曼光谱测压法

高温高压下矿物的拉曼原位测量表明，某些拉曼活性的物质其拉曼位移与压力之间具有良好的线性关系。这一特性使我们能够通过测量矿物包裹体中含有这些子矿物的拉曼位移以确定矿物的形成压力。与目前常采用的共存矿物对压力计以及流体包裹体的CO2等容线法等压力测定方法相比，该方法具有快速、方便和准确的特点。由于包裹体中可以存在各种不同的子矿物以及不同的溶液物质，因此系统研究包裹体中一切可能存在的矿物或物质的拉曼位移与温度和压力之间的关系将可以提供一种方便、准确的地质压力测量手段。     

超大城市综合气象观测试验之测风激光雷达数据评估

为评估用于超大城市综合气象观测试验的测风激光雷达,从最大有效探测高度和数据获取率两方面对测风激光雷达的探测能力进行分析,同时使用测风激光雷达与深圳气象梯度观测塔的测风资料从不同观测高度、不同观测值等方面进行对比分析,结果表明：测风激光雷达与深圳气象梯度观测塔的风速、风向一致性较好,相关系数分别为0.96、0.99,平均绝对误差分别为0.54 m/s、9.95°,且不同高度层的测风结果也较为一致,但雨天和雾天条件对测风激光雷达的最大有效探测高度和数据获取率影响较大,设备探测能力受到一定的限制。     

Isothermal annealing of partially metamict zircon: evidence for a three-stage recovery process

 Raman spectroscopy and the powder diffraction technique have been used to monitor the recovery process of two partially metamict zircons (2.6 and 4.8 × 10¹⁸ α-decays g⁻¹) from Sri Lanka during a series of isothermal annealing experiments in the temperature range from 870 to 1622 K. These experiments show for the first time that structural recovery in partially metamict zircon proceeds via three distinct recovery stages, each of which occurs within a distinct time-temperature regime. Whereas the first two stages have previously been recognized (recovery of damaged crystalline remnants and epitaxial recrystallization), the third stage has not yet been identified as a single activated process. It is suggested that anisotropic defect annealing during the first stage at low temperatures, where the structure recovers preferentially along the a(b) plane, produces a geometrical situation where large structural rearrangements are necessary to remove the remaining defects inside the crystalline material. This situation is approximately reached when the amorphous domains start to recrystallize. The reason for anisotropic annealing can be found in a different connectivity between polyhedral linkages in both directions of the zircon lattice. High apparent activation energies, in the range of 6.4 to 7.9 eV, were determined for the third recovery stage from the Raman data, which are interpreted to reflect large structural rearrangements (i.e. polyhedral tilting) associated with the final recovery of the c axis. This explains the occurrence of a distinct recrystallization stage without defect annealing. Finally, it should be mentioned that the first recovery stage is not necessarily expected to occur in less damaged zircon crystals (<∼2 × 10¹⁸ α-decays g⁻¹), since less stable defects along the basal plane might have already been self-annealed during radiation damage accumulation under ambient temperatures. Received: 6 September 2001 / Accepted: 25 February 2002     

Raman spectroscopic study of K-lingunite at various pressures and temperatures

K-lingunite is a high-pressure modification of K-feldspar that possesses the tetragonal hollandite structure. Variations of the Raman spectra of K-lingunite were studied up to ~31.5 GPa at room temperature, and in the range 79–823 K at atmospheric pressure. The Raman frequencies of all bands were observed to increase with increasing pressure, and decrease with increasing temperature for K-lingunite. This behavior is in line with those observed for most of other materials. New sharp Raman bands appear at pressures greater than 13–15 GPa, suggesting a phase transition in K-lingunite with increasing pressure. The transition is reversible when pressure was released. The appearance of these new Raman bands may correspond to the phase transition revealed earlier at around 20 GPa by X-ray diffraction studies. Instead of transforming back to its stable minerals, such as orthoclase, microcline or sanidine, K-lingunite became amorphous in the temperature range 803–823 K at atmospheric pressure.     

电气石的偏振拉曼光谱研究

电气石达到宝石级称碧玺。通过电气石偏振拉曼光谱的实验研究,表明随电气石含铁量增高电气石中Ｓｉ－Ｏ伸缩振动峰发生分裂,峰形变大。不同成因的电气石晶体中（ＯＨ）－离子占位不同,变质岩型、矽卡岩型电气石中（ＯＨ）－只有一个有序占位,而伟晶岩型和热液型矿床中电气石（ＯＨ）－离子则有两个无序占位     

Raman spectra of methane hydrate up to 86 GPa

High-pressure Raman studies of methane hydrate were performed using a diamond anvil cell in the pressure range of 0.1–86 GPa at room temperature. Raman spectra of the methane molecules revealed that new softened intramolecular vibration mode of ν ₁ appeared at 17 GPa and that the splitting of vibration mode of ν ₃ occurred at 15 GPa. The appearance of these two modes indicates that an intermolecular attractive interaction increases between the methane molecules and the host water molecules and between the neighboring methane molecules. These interactions might result in the exceptional stability of a high-pressure structure, a filled ice Ih structure (FIIhS) for methane hydrate, up to 40 GPa. At 40 GPa, a clear change in the slope of the Raman shift versus pressure occurred, and above 40 GPa the Raman shift of the vibration modes increased monotonously up to 86 GPa. A previous XRD study showed that the FIIhS transformed into another new high-pressure structure at 40 GPa. The change in the Raman spectra at 40 GPa may be induced by the transition of the structure.     

川东北毛坝气藏含自然硫包裹体的发现及其地质意义

根据流体包裹体显微观察,均一温度、盐度测定和激光拉曼分析结果,毛坝气藏储层中存在多种类型包裹体,包括气液H20包裹体、烃一H20包裹体、气相烃包裹体、沥青包裹体和含自然硫气液H20包裹体。在含自然硫气液H20包裹体中,自然硫的特征激光拉曼峰值是151．1cm^1～、217．9em^1和473．3cm^1。根据包裹体的产状、分布以及组合特征,可将本区下三叠统储层流体包裹体划分为3期。晚成岩期方解石中气液H20包裹体均一温度变化范围为104～206°c,盐度为4．03％～19．29％NaCl。温度和盐度呈一定的负相关关系,反映随着成岩环境的埋藏深度增加,地层中孔隙水的温度趋于升高,同时烃类与流体中SO42发生热化学还原反应（TSR）,生成H2s和H20,使盐度降低。在区域抬升降温、降压期,由于外来流体的不均匀混合,流体温度、盐度进一步降低（均一温度为31～108℃,盐度为0．35％～4．03％NaCl）,在低温及硫主要以H2s形式存在的条件下,02与H2s反应生成大量自然硫。在自然硫形成过程中,随着温度的降低,pH值趋向于升高,lgf（02）趋向于降低。当温度为100℃时,自然硫在pH=2．9～3．4,lgf（02）=-50．61～-49．92的环境中形成;25℃时,自然硫形成于pH=1．9～6．5,lgf（02）=-69．30～-63．11的环境中。     

榴辉岩中石英出溶体的拉曼光谱学研究及其构造意义

利用拉曼光谱学和费氏台方法对若干地区超高压榴辉岩中柯石英和榴辉岩中石英出溶体的超显微构造特征进行了研究.研究结果表明, 石榴石(或绿辉石) 中柯石英向石英相变是一个连续变化过程.绿辉石中石英出溶体和主晶具有一定的晶体学拓扑关系, 即石英出溶体长轴有两个展布方向: 平行于绿辉石(10 0) 裂理面和平行于绿辉石(- 10 1) 面.目前, 部分学者推断榴辉岩绿辉石中石英出溶体可作为超高压变质作用的标志.笔者认为, 棒状定向石英在绿辉石中出溶的温压条件和出溶机理尚未查明.因此, 需加强过量二氧化硅单斜辉石出溶机理的超高压实验研究, 从而为证实石英出溶体作为超高压标志提供实验定量约束.