斜距垂直角在竖直面上的归心改正

推出了两个实用公式 :一个是将观测斜距归算到标石中心的计算公式 ,另一个是将观测垂直角归算到标石中心的计算公式。     

全球重力异常对大气活动中心、气旋多发区的影响

利用卫星观测和地面实测资料统一归算的全球空间重力异常,探讨重力异常对全球冬夏大气活动中心、热带气旋以及温带气旋和高原低涡多发区的影响,并对其物理机理作一简要讨论.认为重力异常是大气运动发生发展不可忽视的因子之一.     

CHRONOLOGY OF YICHANG GRAVEL LAYER BASED ON QUARTZ TI-LI CENTER ESR DATING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INCISION TIMING OF THE THREE GORGES VALLEY

Uplift of Tibet Plateau and formation of Asian Monsoon greatly affect East Asian geomorphological evolution, climate change and environment systems. Thus, those phenomena also control the origin, size and direction of river systems. The Yangtze River, as the most important linkage between Tibet Plateau and the East Asian marginal seas, delivers large volumes of water, sediment, and associated chemicals from its headwater regions and tributaries to the East China Sea, significantly influencing sedimentary system evolution in its drainage basin. Therefore, the formation of the modern Yangtze River and its geological-time evolution history have been paid more and more attention to since the beginning of the last century. After debated for more than a century, the First Bend in Shigu area and the Three Gorges have been known as the key capture point of the Yangtze River's evolution history. In particularly, the Three Gorges incision period remains greatly controversial, which mainly focuses on Cretaceous period-Neogene period, early Pleistocene period, and late Quaternary period. The Yichang Gravel, just located downstream and outlet of the Three Gorges with an inverted triangle shape, is mainly distributed in western Jianghan Basin with over 1 000km². Because of its wide distribution and key geographical location, many typical profiles of Yichang Gravel have been the critical materials for studies on stratigraphic division, geomorphic evolution, and paleoenvironment change in middle Yangtze River Basin, especially on the Three Gorges incision history. Based on the previous field investigation, the Yichang gravel unconformably overlies the Cretaceous bedrocks and underlies the mid-Pleistocene vermicular red earth. In addition, studies on heavy mineral assemblages, Pb isotopic compositions of detrital K-feldspar grains, magnetic characteristics as well as pollen assemblage characteristics have showed that sediments in Yichang Gravel are mainly derived from upper Yangtze River Basin, such as Jinshangjiang drainage, Minjiang drainage, Jialingjiang drainage and Wujiang drainage. Based on the above comprehensive analysis, researchers demonstrated that the depositing time of Yichang Gravel can best constrain the Three Gorges incising time. The absolute altitude of Yichang Gravel exceeds 110m, and many thick sand lens are developed from top to bottom of the profiles. In this study, we applied the quartz Ti-Li center ESR dating method in Yichang Gravel to determine its absolute formation age, and then to constrain the minimum cutting-through time of Three Gorges. Eight samples(SXY-1, SXY-2, YC-1-4, LJY-1, LJY-2)were collected from the sand lens at depths of 4m, 19m, 40m, 51m, 63m, 75m, 83m and 99m respectively from the top of the profile. At the same time, in order to evaluate the residual dose of Ti-Li center after sunlight bleaching, we also sampled four modern surface Yangtze River sediments near Yichang Gravel for ESR measurement. The result shows that the quartz Ti-Li center ESR signal intensity of the 4 modern fluvial sediments samples are zero, which implies that the Ti-Li center ESR signal intensity of quartz in Yichang Gravel sand lens could be bleached to zero before the last burial. Thus, the above results indicate that the ESR dating results of this paper are reliable. The ESR absolute age from top to bottom of the profile is 0.73Ma BP,0.87Ma BP,0.98Ma BP,1.04Ma BP,1.05Ma BP,1.10Ma BP, 1.11Ma BP, 1.12Ma BP, respectively. The ESR dating results show that the Yichang Gravel began to deposit at about 1. 12Ma BP until 0. 73Ma BP, and the Ti-Li center ESR age indicates that the Yangtze River cut through Three Gorges area no later than 1.12Ma BP.     

夏季南亚高压对流层中上层异常暖中心时空分布特征及其激发的大气波动

利用1979年1月至2016年12月ERA-interim月平均再分析资料和CAMP全球月降水资料,分析夏季（6—8月）南亚高压下方500 hPa到100 hPa暖中心的时空分布,从三维结构来揭示夏季南亚高压暖心特征.回归分析进一步探讨青藏高原上空暖中心对全球大气环流产生的可能影响.结果表明：南亚高压在150 hPa达到最强,这一层也是异常冷暖中心分界面,150 hPa以下有一强大异常暖中心,异常暖中心位于300 hPa附近,150 hPa以上为异常冷中心,中心位置位于70 hPa附近.异常暖中心从500 hPa向上逐渐向西向北倾斜,异常暖中心面积200 hPa达最大,150 hPa异常暖中心消失,100 hPa以上转变为异常冷中心.500~200 hPa异常暖中心表现出不断增暖的长期趋势（1979—2016）,100 hPa异常冷中心则表现出不断变冷的长期趋势（1979—2016）.去掉长期趋势的时间序列表现出明显的"准两年振荡"特征,异常暖中心位置在纬向上较稳定,在经向上表现出年际的"东西振荡".300 hPa异常暖中心是整个南亚高压的关键层.300 hPa异常暖中心对全球其他变量场进行回归分析.高度回归场表明,青藏高原上空异常暖中心在北半球中高纬度高度场上激发出3波的行星波,波特征在对流层中上层表现明显,波振幅随高度增高不断加强,在对流层中下层逐渐减弱并消失.纬向风回归场在对流层中上层表现出横跨南北半球的波列,这个波列在200 hPa振幅最大.经向风回归场在北半球中纬度（30°N—60°N）表现出7波型,说明南北能量交换频繁.降水回归场表明,东亚地区长江中下游至日本降水偏少,而其南北两侧降水偏多.     

Tracking and orbit determination performance of the GRAS instrument on MetOp-A

The global navigation satellite system receiver for atmospheric sounding (GRAS) on MetOp-A is the first European GPS receiver providing dual-frequency navigation and occultation measurements from a spaceborne platform on a routine basis. The receiver is based on ESA’s AGGA-2 correlator chip, which implements a high-quality tracking scheme for semi-codeless P(Y) code tracking on the L1 and L2 frequency. Data collected with the zenith antenna on MetOp-A have been used to perform an in-flight characterization of the GRAS instrument with focus on the tracking and navigation performance. Besides an assessment of the receiver noise and systematic measurement errors, the study addresses the precise orbit determination accuracy achievable with the GRAS receiver. A consistency on the 5 cm level is demonstrated for reduced dynamics orbit solutions computed independently by four different agencies and software packages. With purely kinematic solutions, 10 cm accuracy is obtained. As a part of the analysis, an empirical antenna offset correction and preliminary phase center correction map are derived, which notably reduce the carrier phase residuals and improve the consistency of kinematic orbit determination results.

制约与创作——郑州景峰国际中心建筑方案设计

郑州景峰国际中心位于郑州郑东新区内,它是集酒店及配套和酒店式公寓为一体的综合建筑。该设计比较成功地将紧张用地、规划部门的各种规定和业主的要求及建筑设计充分结合起来。相信它的建成会为郑州郑东新区增添一个高标准的商务及居住场所。     

中国城市物流蔓延的时空演化特征——基于329个城市的物流用地面板数据

基于中国土地市场物流用地数据,构建用地蔓延指数模型,采用核密度、加权标准差椭圆等空间分析方法,从蔓延强度及方向等多维角度出发,获取2008—2017年中国城市物流蔓延的时空演化特征。研究发现：① 2008—2017年,中国城市物流蔓延强度最高为东北部,其次为东部、西部、中部,全国约67.48%的城市处于慢速蔓延状态。② 城市物流蔓延在全国范围内形成长三角、山东半岛和京津冀3个主要核密度高值区,物流用地冷点区主要分布在甘肃和云南等西部地区。③ 中国城市物流蔓延的空间分布重心轨迹经历了向东北?西南?东南方向的演化过程,一定程度上受国家战略和经济发展水平等因素的共同影响,应合理扩张物流用地,降低物流蔓延的负面影响。     

大气扰动分解技术在副高边缘大暴雨落区精细化分析中的应用

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts， ECMWF）再分析资料，基于大气扰动分解技术，对2012年7月华北东部两次副高边缘大暴雨事件进行扰动分析。结果表明：边界层及对流层低层扰动辐合中心与副高边缘大暴雨中心有较好地对应关系；扰动锋区和扰动比湿大值区（4 g·kg^-1）叠加的区域与大暴雨落区相对应，与切变线类暴雨不同，副高边缘暴雨中心并不是出现在冷暖空气対峙扰动（0 ℃线）的位置，而是发生在扰动锋区内的暖区一侧（扰动温度0 ℃以南）；两次过程均存在自南向北的水汽通道，且水汽在输送过程中不断得到抬升，大暴雨落区对应的扰动水汽通量散度中心分别达到-6.8×10^-8g·cm^-2·hPa^-1·s^-1和-11.9×10^-8g·cm^-2·hPa^-1·s^-1，为大暴雨的形成提供了较好地水汽条件。     

Effects of grain size on quartz ESR dating of Ti–Li center in fluvial and lacustrine sediments

The electron spin resonance (ESR) dating method has been introduced into the Quaternary chronology for nearly 40 years and has been successfully used for dating of fluvial and lacustrine sediments. In order to evaluate the possible effect of the sediment grain size on the dating estimate, the parallel ESR dating testing was carried out on quartz grains of five different size fractions ranging from 50 to 450 μm extracted from the same fluvial and lacustrine sediment collected close to the M/B boundary at the Donggutuo section, Nihewan Basin, China. The results show that equivalent doses and associated ages vary significantly. However the beta irradiation dose rate of the grains with different sizes accounts for only about 6% of the total deviation of the dating results. At the same time, the sensitivity of quartz Ti–Li center was calculated based on the additional irradiation. It shows that the larger grains are more sensitive than the smaller ones, which can leads to higher saturate ESR intensity and less equivalent dose. The variations of the sensitivity of quartz Ti–Li center of the grains with different sizes are responsible for the primary deviation of the dating results. The results also suggest that 100–150 μm grain size fraction would be priority size for the ESR dating of quartz Ti–Li center on fluvial and lacustrine sediments.     

乡村地域多功能时空格局演变及影响因素研究——以江苏省为例

以经济发达的江苏省为例,采用价值评价方法核算1990、1995、2000、2005和2010年乡村地域生态保育、农业生产、工业发展、社会保障功能及其综合价值,分析时间演变与空间分异规律,解析关键影响因素。结果表明：乡村地域综合功能价值呈现快速增长态势,工业发展功能增速最快且始终占主导地位;生态保育功能相对集中于苏北和苏南,农业生产和社会保障功能集中于苏北,工业发展功能则集中于苏南;综合功能重心位于地理中心南偏东方向,呈钟摆式移动态势,各类地域功能重心位置和移动过程存在明显差异;政策导向及经济社会发展是影响综合功能及各类功能时间变化和空间差异的主要原因。