宁镇中段地区蚀变遥感信息提取研究

隶属于长江中下游铁铜金多金属成矿带的宁镇中段地区,以矽卡岩型（接触交代型）铜多金属矿化为主要矿化类型。发生矿化蚀变的矿物中生成的特征离子或基团的诊断性波谱特征是利用遥感数据提取蚀变信息的理论依据。本文基于典型蚀变矿物的波谱特征,利用比值计算、主成分分析（PCA）以及光谱角填图（SAM）的方法进行了蚀变遥感信息增强和提取,最后结合地质信息进行综合解译,建立了遥感成矿预测单元,为研究区找矿靶区的确定提供决策支持。     

CT图像增强方法的研究

利用直方图均衡、中值滤波和小波变换对CT图像(512×512)增强处理的方法进行了研究,实验结果表明,小波变换增强方法可以减少噪声的放大,在增强图像微小细节和避免放大噪声两方面获得令人满意的结果,其处理结果优于直方图均衡和中值滤波的增强方法.     

低空急流对广西热带气旋特大暴雨的影响及概念模式

利用ncep再分析资料,对1990～2003年期间,广西14次热带气旋特大暴雨过程进行850hPa低空急流的合成分析,结果指出:广西热带气旋特大暴雨的产生伴随着中南半岛西南急流的增强,西南急流是暴雨增幅的主要水汽和能量输送系统。另外,结合大尺度环流系统的分析给出广西热带气旋特大暴雨的概念模式。     

我国人工降水亟待解决的问题和发展思路

世界上人工降水（或人工增雨）己有60多年历史。几十年来人工降水取得了很大发展和成绩。但是到目前为止,人工降水仍存在着许多科学与技术问题亟待解决,科技水平有待进一步提高。首先需要加强人工降水的若干关键技术研究,如作业云的预报、识别指标、优化作业方法等,最大可能地降低作业的盲目性;人工降水的效果检验问题,一直没有很好地解决;人工降水的科学储备不足等。目前我国人工影响天气需要从战略上、从发展的技术思路上进行变革,要避免走老的发展道路,要积极推进这些问题解决,才有望获得突破性进展。提出了要发展4项人工降水的关键技术方法:开展短时、局地的云和降水预报;要善于识别,选择可人工增雨的作业对象（云）;要优化人工降水的作业方法;科学地进行人工降水的效果监测和对比分析。       

Spatiotemporal Continuity of Sequential Rain Suggested by 3-D Variogram

A series of rainfalls observed in central Japan from noon on the 13th to midnight on the 14th, August 1999 (36 h), has been analyzed by spatiotemporal variograms in order to reveal the continuity of rain precipitation in a 3-D space defined by geographic coordinates and time. All instances of zero precipitation are considered, but have been treated as four different cases: case 0 excludes all zero data, case 1 includes a zero datum neighboring to each finite value, case 2 includes a zero neighboring to each finite value and the next neighboring zero, and a fourth case (termed case A) includes all zeros. Hourly precipitation has a statistical distribution best approximated by a Weibull model, and somewhat less well by a normal distribution, in all four cases. A rectangular variogram of measured values of total precipitation shows that the best continuity appears approximately along the N-S direction (the ranges given by directional variograms are 500 and 80 km in the N-S and W-E directions, respectively). In contrast, temporally stacked rectangular variograms of hourly precipitation shows that the best continuity direction is W-E in all cases (the ranges in case A are 50 and 100 km along the N-S and W-E directions, respectively). A spatial variogram gives a spatial range independently of time, whereas a temporal variogram gives a temporal range. When geographic coordinates are normalized by the spatial range (here 80 km given by the temporally stacked omnidirectional variogram in case A), and time is normalized by the temporal range (here 7 h given by the spatially stacked temporal variogram), geographic coordinates and time can be treated as equivalent variables. Consequently, a spatiotemporal variogram can be calculated along a given direction in 3-D space using the normalized coordinates. The continuity direction of a series of rainfalls can be best understood by display on a Wulff net, where each range value is written at a point corresponding to the direction. The direction of the best continuity is N0°W+20° in the normalized space. A rectangular variogram in the normalized space, in which the horizontal and vertical axes represent N-S direction and time, respectively, suggests that the series of heavy rainfalls examined here had a continuity pattern that was elongated from west to east (the range values are 20–30 km and 100 km along N-S and W-E, respectively), and that migrated from south to north with a speed of 30 km/h.     

泌阳凹陷核三段地震沉积学研究

泌阳凹陷深凹区核三段发育辫状河三角洲、滑塌浊积扇及近岸水下扇砂体,受到技术方法和研究手段的限制,沉积相分布范围不明确,尤其是对滑塌浊积扇砂体不能进行详细的刻画。在地震沉积学理论指导下,首先采用提高分辨率、相位调整等技术将叠后三维资料调整到适合地震沉积学研究的最佳状态,然后利用地层切片技术,制作了展现沉积微相分布和沉积演化过程的切片数据体,最后综合分析岩心、录井、测井等资料,对典型地层切片进行沉积砂体的精细解释,预测了沉积相在时空上的展布和演变,为该凹陷寻找滑塌浊积扇等隐蔽油气藏提供了较为可靠的依据。     

时频峰值滤波信号增强方法在实际地震资料处理中的应用

在不损失有效信号能量的基础上从低信噪比地震资料中恢复出有效信息是地震资料处理的关键问题之一。针对这一问题利用基于伪Wigner-Ville分布的时频峰值滤波技术处理共炮点地震记录。基于伪Wigner-Ville分布的时频峰值滤波技术可以保证得到复杂地震记录的无偏估计,增强地震资料中的有效信息,去除随机噪声,有效地恢复同相轴。采用实际共炮点地震资料,比较时频峰值滤波前后的地震记录可以看出：地震资料中的有效信息明显增强,同相轴连续性得到改善。     

高原逗点云团与江南暴雨

本文主要是利用水汽图像和ＨＬＡＦＳ数值模式计算方法从定性到定量地研究１９９８年６月１２日￣１４日江南北部的一次大暴雨过程。通过云系路径的分析和发展的定量研究,我们可清楚看到影响江南北部这次大暴雨过程的天气系统,是从青藏高原东移的。其中,特别是该系统（气旋）东移到暖湿的海而时得到了大量第表面水汽蒸发补充,水汽上升凝结潜热释放,促使气旋迅速发展。     

Thermal enhancement of natural magnetism as a tool for tracing eroded soil

Determining sources, quantities and travel distances of eroding soil is of increasing importance given its impact on‐ and off‐site, the sediment‐associated transport of nutrients, metals and micro‐organisms and the ongoing need to provide data for soil erosion model development and validation. Many soil tracers have been developed; however, most comprise foreign materials, such as fluorescent beads and rare earth oxides, which cast doubts on the validity of tracing results given their different physical characteristics. To avoid these problems, we have investigated the potential of soil, which has been heated under reducing conditions to enhance its ferrimagnetic content, as a soil erosion tracer; while the technique has been used successfully to trace river sediment it has not been successfully applied to soil erosion studies. For a suite of 16 magnetic concentration‐dependent properties, values were found to be significantly greater, by at least one order of magnitude, after heating, both for the bulk soil and nine individual particle size fractions. Individual size fractions could be differentiated using two different magnetic properties, thus illustrating the technique's potential to provide information on particle size‐specific erosion. Soil box experiments demonstrated the potential for both in situ measurement of magnetic susceptibility and laboratory measurement of the magnetic properties of eroded sediment, to trace and quantify soil erosion. Thus, heated soil, with artificially‐enhanced ferrimagnetic properties, is successfully demonstrated to have great potential as a size‐specific, cost‐effective and representative soil erosion tracer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

图像增强技术在X射线医学影像中的应用

目的:对X射线影像进行图像增强。方法:应用多种互补的图像增强方法,首先采用拉普拉斯法来突出图像中的细节,使用梯度法突出边缘,然后用平滑后的梯度图像掩蔽拉普拉斯图像,通过高提升滤波得到锐化图像,再使用灰度变换增大锐化图像的灰度动态范围。将本文算法的结果与传统图像增强算法的结果进行比较,该算法对X射线影像增强效果显著,相比传统算法有很大的优势。增强后的图像细节更加清晰,优于传统算法的实现效果。结论:本文算法对医学X射线影像具有一定的理论和实际应用价值。