星内粒子探测器观测结果与辐射带模型的比较

我们将资源一号卫星星内粒子探测器的观测数据与辐射带模式AE8/AP8的预测结果进行了对比,发现在南大西洋异常区的高能电子和质子的通量与辐射带模型的预测结果基本相同,而在两极极光带的电子通量比AE8模型预测的低得多.根据NOAA卫星的观测结果,可以认为这一差异主要是因为在南大西洋异常区（内辐射带）和两极极光带（外辐射带）的粒子投掷角分布的差异造成的.在南大西洋异常区粒子倾向于各向同性分布,而在极光带粒子各向异性明显,投掷角接近90°的粒子通量比0°投掷角附近的粒子通量大得多.     

高分辨红外辐射探测器地表温度数据在江苏地区1980—2009年间适用性评估

地表温度在物理和生物过程中起着关键作用,也是评价地表热环境的重要指标。因此,了解地表温度时空变化对城市热岛监测及生态质量的评价具有重要意义。高分辨红外辐射探测器地表温度(HIRS LST)是目前时间尺度最长的全球逐小时地温数据集。为了解江苏省地表温度的时空分布情况并研究HIRS LST数据在江苏的适用性,论文选择江苏省1980—2009年49个站点的实测地表温度数据,利用相关系数、偏差、非偏性均方根误差等方法,对HIRS产品从多角度进行了验证。结果表明,HIRS地表温度与站点地表温度数据有较好的一致性。两者相关系数在整个区域都高于0.98,2种数据的距平相关系数在0.65~0.80之间。两者偏差和非偏性均方根误差表明,HIRS的数据在江苏北部和南部部分地区低估了地表温度,主要原因是其对高于32 ℃的地温事件发生次数存在较大程度的低估。然而,HIRS LST在很大程度上高估了在20~30 ℃之间的较高温日数。在年际变化方面,HIRS LST与观测数据在春季的相关性最高,冬季最低。趋势检验表明,2种数据在春、秋、冬3个季节均呈现出明显的增长趋势,增温趋势呈现出相似的空间变化。但是,该地区夏季的地表温度长期趋势被明显高估,HIRS数据并未反映出该地区北部大面积的降温趋势,而在其他季节的地表温度被低估。     

Short-wave radiation flux divergence in arctic cirrus: a case study

Radiation and particle measurements have been performed with an aircraft in deep cirrus cloud fields near the island of Svalbard. The data of 12 March 1993, when measurements at 10 different levels could be obtained, are used in a comparative study with radiative transfer calculations. In a first analysis, the cirrus cloud field was assumed to be horizontally homogeneous and invariable during the time of measurements (frozen properties). Calculations of the up and downward radiative flux densities showed root mean square differences of 9 Wm⁻² from the measurements. To estimate the possible effect of changes of the optical properties of cirrus with time, the flux densities in the upper part (6000–8500 m) and the lower part (3000–5500 m) of the cirrus cloud were analyzed separately. In these simulations, the optical thickness in the lower (upper) part was increased (decreased) by 50%. By this treatment, most of all calculated flux densities were within one standard deviation of the natural variability in each leg. Finally, the effect of inhomogeneities in the cloud field on the solar flux density has been simulated using a Monte Carlo method, since the upper part of the cirrus field has indeed been very inhomogeneous. This paper is a result of a collaborative effort between the MRI in Tsukuba, Japan, and the GKSS in Geesthacht, Germany.     

BOBMEX-98 pilot: Measurement and analysis of incoming shortwave radiation data

Empirical formulae for estimation of hourly incoming shortwave radiation over the Indian Ocean under different cloud amounts have been developed by using the pyranometer measurements of the incoming solar radiation and the cloud observations during BOBMEX Pilot (October–November 1998) cruise.     

数值模式中辐射参数化方案的对比试验 Ⅰ:干模式计算结果

应用一个简化的长波辐射和短波辐射参数化方案，与郭晓岚—钱永甫原有辐射参数化方案进行了对比，分析了它们对100hPa，300hPa,500hPa，700hPa及海平面气压场、高度场、温度场及辐射加热率计算结果的影响，发现，两者结果相当一致，高度场、温度场的相关系数都能达到0．9以上，短波辐射加热率的相关系数也都在0．8—0．9之间。简化方案具有计算快捷，节约机时的优点，积分模式时间720小时（5x86／133微机），所需机时约比原方案减少33％。     

我国磁层物理研究的进展和展望

在我国空间科学的开拓者赵九章教授的倡导下，1959年我国开始开展磁层物理研究工作．70年代中期以后，经过20多年的努力，我国磁层物理研究有了很大进展，现已具备重点发展和重点突破的条件本文在文献[1-3]综述的基础上，对近年来我国在磁层物理若干领域内的主要成果进行了补充评述，并对21世纪初我国磁层物理学的发展提出若干建议     

Water Quality and Phosphorus Budget of Mogan Lake,Turkey

Mogan Lake is the largest recreational area near Ankara, which is the capital city of Turkey. Increased macrophyte growth in the water body and the present levels of urban development within the catchment are reflected in declining water quality and aesthetic deterioation. A study of the water quality of the lake was undertaken to quantify the variation of phosphorus, nitrogen, and chlorophyll-a concentrations during ice-free seasons from 1992 to 1994. Its total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a concentrations indicate a meso-eutrophic status. The total phosphorus budget of Mogan Lake was measured for a period of 22 months. The estimation of nutrient loading using Dillon-Rigler nutrient budget shows that an artificial load caused too high phosphorus inputs. The management implications of phosphorus loading and budget are discussed.     

城市化对西双版纳辐射雾的影响

利用景洪气象站和大勐龙气象站的资料，对西双版纳辐射雾减少的原因进行了分析。结果表明：1960－1984年，地形地质条件相近的景洪站与大勐龙站的年雾日数、年均气温、年均湿度、年均最高气温、年均最低气温等气象要素的变化一致，可以认为两站的自然气候变化是一致的。而1985年以后，两站年雾日数和年平均湿度的变化出现较大差异。通过对人文条件的对比发现，景洪市的城市化进程远远大于大勐龙站。因此，我们初步认为城市化对西双版纳辐射雾减少所起的作用远远大于自然气候变化和森林砍伐的作用。     

改进的多角度遥感数据解译模型(英文)

利用卫星遥感数据解译地表特性需要应用辐射传输模型与反演。文中简要提到几种方法，包括蒙特卡洛光线追踪，一维物理模型，以及能够描述自然表面的整体各向异性特征的参数化公式。回顾了每种方法中所作的假设，并强调指出了处理在植被冠层这样的非均匀介质中的辐射传输问题的内在困难。在新一代改进型地球观测探测器时代的到来之际，指出进行深入研究的迫切性。     

Radiation pressure correction to meteor orbits

We present a method to calculate the radiation pressure force to gravity ratio on meteoroids from their atmospheric flight. Radiation pressure corrections to meteor orbits are negligible for fireballs; of the order of or less than the measurement errors ( 1%) for photographic meteors; of the order of and in some cases substantially larger than the measurement errors ( 10%) for radar meteors.