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71.
Robert E. Reed David A. Dickey JoAnn M. Burkholder Carol A. Kinder Cavell Brownie 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
Water level time series records from the Neuse and Pamlico River Estuaries were statistically compared to local and distant wind field data, water level records within the Pamlico Sound and also coastal ocean sites to determine the relative contribution of each time series to water levels in the Neuse and Pamlico Estuaries. The objectives of this study were to examine these time series data using various statistical methods (i.e. autoregressive, empirical orthogonal function analysis (EOF), exploratory data analysis (EDA)) to determine short- and long-time-scale variability, and to develop predictive statistical models that can be used to estimate past water level fluctuations in both the Neuse Estuary (NE) and Pamlico Estuary (PE). Short- and long-time-scale similarities were observed in all time series of estuarine, Pamlico Sound and subtidal coastal ocean water level and wind component data, due to events (nor'easters, fronts and tropical systems) and seasonality. Empirical orthogonal function analyses revealed a strong coastal ocean and wind field contribution to water level in the NE and PE. Approximately 95% of the variation was captured in the first two EOF components for water level data from the NE, sound and coastal ocean, and 70% for the PE, sound and coastal ocean. Spectral density plots revealed strong diurnal signals in both wind and water level data, and a strong cross correlation and coherency between the NE water level and the North/South wind component. There was good agreement between data and predictions using autoregressive statistical models for the NE (R2 = 0.92) and PE (R2 = 0.76). These methods also revealed significant autoregressive lags for the NE (days 1 and 3) and for the PE (days 1, 2 and 3). Significant departures from predictions are attributed to local meteorological and hydrological events. The autoregressive techniques showed significant predictive improvement over ordinary least squares methods. The results are considered within the context of providing long time-scale hindcast data for the two estuaries, and the importance of these data for multidisciplinary researchers and managers. 相似文献
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Journal of Geographical Sciences - Understanding the underlying ecological processes that control plant diversity within (α-diversity) and among (β-diversity) forest gaps is important for... 相似文献
76.
Atsuko NONOMURA Shuichi HASEGAWA Hideo MATSUMOTO Mari TAKAHASHI Mina MASUMOTO Kazuhito FUJISAWA 《山地科学学报》2019,(1):95-107
To mitigate the damage caused by debris flows resulting from heavy precipitation and to aid in evacuation plan preparation, areas at risk should be mapped on a scale appropriate for affected individuals and communities. We tested the effectiveness of simply identifying debris-flow hazards through automated derivation of surface curvatures using LiDAR digital elevation models. We achieved useful correspondence between plan curvatures and areas of existing debris-flow damage in two localities in Japan using the analysis of digital elevation models(DEMs). We found that plan curvatures derived from 10 m DEMs may be useful to indicate areas that are susceptible to debris flow in mountainous areas. In residential areas located on gentle sloping debris flow fans, the greatest damage to houses was found to be located in the elongated depressions that are connected to mountain stream valleys. Plan curvaturederived from 5 m DEM was the most sensitive indicators for susceptibility to debris flows. 相似文献
77.
Fangli Zhang 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(10):1984-2010
High-performance simulation of flow dynamics remains a major challenge in the use of physical-based, fully distributed hydrologic models. Parallel computing has been widely used to overcome efficiency limitation by partitioning a basin into sub-basins and executing calculations among multiple processors. However, existing partition-based parallelization strategies are still hampered by the dependency between inter-connected sub-basins. This study proposed a particle-set strategy to parallelize the flow-path network (FPN) model for achieving higher performance in the simulation of flow dynamics. The FPN model replaced the hydrological calculations on sub-basins with the movements of water packages along the upstream and downstream flow paths. Unlike previous partition-based task decomposition approaches, the proposed particle-set strategy decomposes the computational workload by randomly allocating runoff particles to concurrent computing processors. Simulation experiments of the flow routing process were undertaken to validate the developed particle-set FPN model. The outcomes of hourly outlet discharges were compared with field gauged records, and up to 128 computing processors were tested to explore its speedup capability in parallel computing. The experimental results showed that the proposed framework can achieve similar prediction accuracy and parallel efficiency to that of the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)-based Real-Time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS). 相似文献
78.
When a subsea pipeline is laid on an uneven seabed, certain sections may have an initial elevation with respect to the far-field seabed, eo, and thus potentially affecting the on-bottom stability of the pipeline. This paper focuses on quantifying the effects of the upstream dimensionless seabed shear stress, θ∞, and Reynolds number, Re, on: (1) the maximum dimensionless seabed shear stress beneath the pipe, θmax, to be compared to the critical shear stress in order to determine whether scour would occur and progress towards an equilibrium state; and, (2) the dimensionless equilibrium scour depth beneath the pipe, Seq/D. Using a 2-D Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach along with the k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model, a parametric study involving 243 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations was conducted. The simulation results were used to develop a closed-form equation for the prediction of θmax. Subsequently, experimental measurements of Seq/D have been compiled from published literature, to develop a new closed-form equation for the prediction of Seq/D with a high correlation to the experimental data. In summary, we present two closed-form equations for the prediction of θmax and Seq/D for pipelines with an initial eo/D, which are applicable for both clear-water and live-bed conditions. The effects of θ∞ and Re have been included, albeit Re having a small influence as compared to the other parameters. 相似文献
79.
DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的四川省GDP空间化分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据模拟省级格网GDP问题,该文选取2000、2006以及2010年DMSP/OLS稳定夜间灯光数据、辐射定标夜间灯光数据和四川省第二、三产业社会经济GDP数据,运用相关性分析、对比分析以及回归分析的方法,模拟出四川省GDP空间化密度图并分析与高程之间的关系。结果表明:在省级范围内,GDP与辐射定标灯光数据的相关性明显高于与稳定灯光数据的相关性,且前者的灯光指数CNLI与GDP相关性最高;运用3年的辐射定标灯光数据模拟得到四川省GDP密度图与GDP统计数据的拟合精度均达到0.99以上;2000-2010年四川省GDP呈现由成都市向四周不断扩张的趋势并随高程变化显著,四川省GDP高值区主要集中在高程1 000m以下的成都平原及周边区域,西部高原和山地地区GDP值较低。 相似文献
80.
实时动态(real time kinematic,RTK)无验潮水深测量技术已成为海洋测绘发展的方向。从RTK无验潮水深测量原理和误差来源入手,定性与定量分析了高程拟合误差、波浪引起的误差、仪器测量误差、定位时延以及仪器安装等误差对成果精度的影响,指出选择恰当的拟合模型是控制高程拟合误差的关键,安装姿态传感器可以削弱波浪引起的误差,提出测量前对换能器连接杆进行垂直度测量、采用双频接收机和PPS等控制方法可以有效减小测量误差。结合实践提出减小RTK无验潮水深测量精度四点建议,为RTK无验潮水深测量技术的推广应用提供参考。 相似文献