Mercury radar speckle dynamics

Current data reveal that Mercury is a dynamic system with a core which has not yet solidified completely and is at least partially decoupled from the mantle. Radar speckle displacement experiments have demonstrated that the accuracy in spin-dynamics determination for Earth-like planets can approach 10⁻⁵. The extended analysis of space-time correlation properties of radar echoes shows that the behavior of speckles does not prevent estimation of Mercury’s instantaneous spin-vector components to accuracy of a few parts in 10⁷. This limit can be reached with more powerful radar facilities and leads to constraining the interior in more detail from effects of spin dynamics, e.g., from observation of the core-mantle interplay through high precision monitoring of the 88-day spin-variation of Mercury’s crust.     

Truncated dunes as evidence of the 2004 tsunami in North Sumatra and environmental recovery post‐tsunami

The 2004 tsunami transformed the coast of Indonesia. This research investigates a sand dune area in Lampuuk, Sumatra, that was scoured by tsunami flow. We assessed geomorphology one‐year post‐event and examine the timescale of vegetation recovery. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) evidence shows an eroded succession of thin dipping units, overlain by aeolian layers 0 to 50 cm thick. Incipient dunes were absent, indicating limited dune rebuilding at one‐year post‐tsunami, possibly resulting from channelised airflow and the absence of vegetation. Recolonisation by vegetation was initially limited but progressed rapidly between 2005 and 2011, highlighting the temporal non‐linearity of recovery processes.     

青海互助一次局地强降水天气多普勒雷达回波分析

利用西宁CINRAD/CD多普勒天气雷达资料及自动站观测数据等从影响降水的主要因子方面探讨了2011年7月2日晚青海互助县一次局地强降水的成因,结果表明:多单体强回波带的活动是造成互助短时强降水的主要原因;速度图上强的辐合和逆风区是预报强降水的关键因子;垂直风廓线图上强烈的垂直风切变是不稳定能量积聚的表现,与强降水联系紧密;垂直累计液态含水量(VIL)和回波顶高也能为强降水预报提供有效信息。     

Nonlinear influences on ocean waves observed by X-band radar

The purpose of this study is to discuss the influence of signal nonlinearity upon X-band radar observations. A method for estimating the degree of nonlinearity by bispectral analysis was applied and discussed. We found that bispectral analyses from spatial radar backscatter series are similar to results obtained from water level time series. In addition, the average nonlinear degree from radar backscatter is related to wind speed. The accuracy of wave observations derived by consideration of the nonlinear effect from radar backscatter was also investigated. The estimated error in wave height from the radar data is also related to the degree of nonlinearity. In order to improve accuracy, the modulation transfer function method was applied in order to eliminate the influence of nonlinearity.     

Some Aspects of Meteoric Head Echo Velocity Determination

Velocity determination of 131 head echoes recorded during Perseid meteor shower observations by the Canadian 2 MW radar, has been performed under the assumption of either their constant velocity or of its linear change with time. Even though the constant velocities concentrated at 60 km s-1 generally accepted for the Perseids, a substantial number of echoes had velocities either lower than 60 km s-1 or greater than this value. The inclusion of variable velocity into considerations led to surprising result that a great portion of the head echoes accelerated (3 possibly decelerating echoes in comparison with 33 accelerating cases on the level of relative standard deviations of output parameters not exceeding 10%). It seems that the allocation of the ionization responsible for the head echo is not entirely identical with the instantaneous meteoroid position. As a consequence, the velocity derived from the measured head echo coordinates can differ from the velocity of parent body. We are not able to explain this finding at present. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

流星雷达测距精度的改进

针对目前流星雷达测距误差大的问题，本文提出了提高流星雷达测距精度的新方法，即提高采样速率，用相关分析确定回波脉冲参考点的方法。该方法使流星雷达的测距精度提高一个数量级，测距误差降到±１４ｍ，使流星雷达不仅可以用来观测研究流星，还可用于监测飞机、火箭的飞行等，扩大流星雷达的应用。     

用雷达回波资料识别雹云的最新进展

本文评述了当前国内外利用雷达回波资料识别雹云的现状,着重介绍了笔者近年来利用雷达回波资料建立雹云识别模式的研究工作,并展望了雹云识别的未来发展前景。     

基于探地雷达解译的喀斯特坡地表层岩溶带空间分布特征研究

表层岩溶带作为喀斯特关键带区别于其他区域地球关键带的近地表岩土结构标志层,对于水分和养分下渗、赋存、滞留、植被水分养分利用等方面具有重要作用,是岩石-土壤-植被系统中生物地球化学过程最为活跃的关键地带。描述和认识表层岩溶带对认知喀斯特关键带结构信息、研究水土物质循环过程、揭示表层与地下水资源利用规律等方面具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。本文利用探地雷达技术,探测黔中高原黔西县东南部喀斯特坡地,共计测线35条,测点799个,提取表层岩溶带发育厚度并分析空间分布特征,得到以下结论：喀斯特高原峰丛地貌区表层岩溶带发育较好,发育厚度集中在2~8m之间,最深可达18.8m。表层岩溶带发育空间分布异质性强,坡地表层岩溶带厚度发育异质性变化强于坝地。地面物质组成和表层岩溶带发育厚度关系密切,坡地石质化比例提高,表层岩溶带发育较深,地面物质组成可作为高原型喀斯特坡地反映表层岩溶带发育程度的综合代用性指标。本次研究还指示了喀斯特坡地土地石质化是表层岩溶带地质历史时期不断溶蚀发育演化、土壤地质历史持续漏失的结果。表层岩溶带的发育为水土漏失提供了空间基础,水土漏失也进一步加剧了岩土界面的水岩反应过程,促进了表层岩溶带的进一步发育以及地表土体下沉、基岩裸露、土地石质化景观的出现。

     

城市供水管道渗漏程度的渗流模型分析与探地雷达信号正演

应用探地雷达进行城市地下管道的探查已经在市政工程中广泛采用,但是利用探地雷达进行地下管道泄漏的探查在我国尚未被广泛采用。本文研究了探地雷达在城市地下供水管道渗漏探查中的应用。首先利用Geo-studio软件模拟了不同工况下的管线渗流情况,分析了不同管线大小,不同渗漏位置与不同时间下的渗漏区的分布、渗漏部位含水量发育特征等几何和物理参数;在此基础上,通过采用GprMax探地雷达正演模拟软件对管道的渗漏进行了病害正演,建立了不同埋深、不同管线大小、不同渗漏位置和程度的系列探地雷达响应特征数据。为实际利用探地雷达探测城市供水管道渗漏提供了基础的参数数据和识别参考。     

湘中“6.26”雷雨大风过程的多普勒雷达产品分析

对6月26日发生在湘中的一次大风过程进行多普勒天气雷达回波分析发现,中低层切变线、地面干线和较强垂直风切变是发生大风的主要背景形势,回波的快速移动、\