电力GIS数据采集系统设计与开发

为提高电网GIS数据采集的工作效率,保证电网GIS平台空间数据及属性数据的整体性、完整性、准确性和及时性,综合运用现代的Ntrip网络RTK技术、移动GIS技术、数据库技术和RFID识别技术,成功研发了电力GIS数据采集系统。实际工程应用表明,该系统提高了采集的工作效率,可有效满足电网GIS采集的工作需要。     

XMl数据存取技术在数据库中的应用

简要介绍XML数据存取技术、数据存取机制和XML在数据库中的应用模式,并介绍了应用实例,提出了XML数据存取技术在防震减灾工作中的应用方向。     

基于IOWA算子的RFID数据有效性评价方法

智能交通系统应用的迅猛发展需要高质量的交通数据,而交通数据采集技术采集到的原始数据会不可避免地混入异常数据,降低数据的有效性,从而可能引起系统应用性能的降低.本文针对基于无线射频技术（RFID）的交通数据,设计了一套交通数据评价指标,并根据交通数据评价指标的特点,综合评价权重向量计算方法的适用条件及优缺点,建立了基于IOWA（Induced Ordered Weighted Averaging）算子的交通数据综合评价方法.基于实际数据的分析结果表明,该方法可以对RFID交通数据进行有效性评价.     

基于RFID和GRNN的景区人流量预测GIS的研究与设计

在分析无线射频识别(RFID)原理和广义回归神经网络(GRNN)模型的基础上,探讨了基于RFID的人流量统计方法,并重点研究了景区人流量短时预测方法,最后从实际应用出发建立了可对景区人流量进行实时预测的GIS决策系统。     

HY-2卫星雷达高度计时标偏差估算

卫星雷达高度计是海洋遥感监测的重要传感器之一,测高系统和定轨系统是高度计重要的组成部分。若两系统使用不同的系统时钟,则获得的轨道高度和卫星测距值之间可能会存在一个时标偏差,该时标偏差会降低卫星雷达高度计的海面高度测量精度。针对HY-2卫星雷达高度计的时标偏差问题,本文分析了时标偏差对测高精度的影响,介绍了一种使用自交叉点数据估算时标偏差值的方法,并基于HY-2卫星雷达高度计第21个周期数据开展了时标偏差修正实验。时标偏差修正后HY-2自交叉点的海面高度差值(也称"不符值")分布收敛程度有了明显的提高,其RMS均方根值从24.7 cm减小到了7.0 cm,HY-2与Jason-2互交叉点的不符值的RMS也从16.6 cm减小到了7.3 cm。这表明本文介绍的时标偏差修正方法可有效地提高HY-2卫星雷达高度计的测高精度。     

Field tests of an improved sediment tracer including non-intrusive measurement of burial depth

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) transponders are now widely used to track sediment in a variety of environments. A recent innovation placed the transponder inside of a rotating inner mechanism that is designed to minimize missed detections due to burial and shielding or ‘signal collision’ effects between tracers, while also allowing a rapid measurement of the burial depth of the particle. Here we test a developed protocol for burial depth measurement and deploy the ‘Wobblestone’ tracers in the field for the first time. Results show that new tracers can be reliably positioned in the horizontal plane (median error ± 0.03 m) and that the burial depth can be accurately measured (~0.02 m maximum error). The field study was characterized by high mobility and travel lengths, and ~20% of the tracers were buried at depths up to 0.15 m. A comparison of exponential distributions for travel length of surface deposited and buried tracers indicate that the buried tracers on average traveled farther and earlier in the flood event. Tracers that did not move were also buried at one site as a result of sediment transport from upstream. Overall the technique has great potential for characterizing vertical mixing and understanding this rarely considered control on sediment transport. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Erosion,transport and deposition of a sediment replenishment under flood conditions

River reaches downstream of dams with constant residual discharge often lack sediment supply and periodic high flows due to dam sediment retention and flow regulation, respectively. To test a novel multi-deposit methodology for defining environmental flows for activating the dynamics of the river morphology downstream of dams, a flood was released from Rossens Dam in Switzerland. This event was combined for the first time with a multi-deposit configuration of sediment replenishment consisting of four artificial deposits allocated as alternate bars along the riverbanks as a restoration measure. To validate the sediment transport behaviour observed in laboratory tests, stones were equipped with radiofrequency identification (RFID) passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, a fixed antenna was installed at the river bed and a mobile antenna was used to enable the investigation of the erosion, transport and deposition of replenished sediments. The duration of the erosion period was determined for the tracked stones, and average transport velocities were found to be on the order of 10^–3 m/s. To estimate the erosion efficiency of the flood, defined as the eroded tagged stones compared with the released water volume, the hydrograph was divided into different periods: rising limb, constant peak discharge, decreasing limb. During the rising limb of the flood, which lasted for 20% of the total flood duration, more than 40% of the PIT tags were transported. The defined erosion efficiency is a measure to support the hydrographic design of artificial flood releases from dams. The deposition of tagged stones resulted in a repeating cluster formation, as expected from previous laboratory experiments, creating an increase in hydraulic habitat diversity. Comparison of the results obtained in the field and from laboratory experiments confirmed the robustness of the multi-deposit sediment replenishment method. Combined with the knowledge gained on the erosion efficiency, these results could motivate further applications and research into multi-deposit sediment replenishment techniques as a habitat-oriented river restoration measure. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of transport and insertion of radio frequency identification (RFID) transponders on resistance and shape of natural and synthetic pebbles: applications for riverine and coastal bedload tracking

RFID transponders, especially low‐frequency Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT tags), are now commonly used for assessing bedload mobility in gravel‐bed rivers. Early studies reported high PIT tag recovery rates in small streams, but recovery rates in larger systems remain low. Explanatory factors for low recovery rates have been identified, but only antenna detection ranges and clustering effects have been precisely characterized. Burial below detection limit and dispersion beyond the study site have been indirectly estimated, and PIT tag destruction is assumed to be negligible. In this study, we quantified the resistance of natural limestone pebbles equipped with PIT tags as related to tag insertion methods and distance travelled in an annular flume. We then compared the performance of these natural pebbles with synthetic pebbles made of polyurethane resin and corundum. Creation of synthetic pebbles makes it possible to test bigger transponders with a greater detection range and no clustering effects, bypassing the existing constraints of RFID tracking. We found that breakage of limestone particles leading to PIT tag destruction is far too rare to explain low recovery rates in situ. Further, breakage is more affected by initial pebble characteristics than by PIT tag insertion method. Synthetic pebbles are more sensitive to attrition, but less likely to break. Natural and synthetic pebbles show slight differences in mobility patterns, transport distances, and abrasion resistances. One of the two synthetic pebbles travelled faster than the other three indicating that mobility is not only related to density but also potentially to shape. To address clustering and detection range issues, we equipped synthetic pebbles with AIT‐tags (Active Integrated Transponders). These were tested for integrity and transponder endurance and show great promise for future applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国卤虫(Artemia sinica)早期胚胎发育相关基因表达序列标签(ESTs)分析

以mRNA差异显示技术分析了中国两性生殖卤虫早期胚胎发育相关基因的表达序列标签(ESTs),共回收了2000条差异条带并进行了克隆、测序,在GenBank/DDBJ/EMBL数据库中用BLASTX和BLASTN软件分别与NCBI上的非冗余核酸序列数据库进行同源性比对,得到分值较高、长度在100bp—2kb以内的ESTs序列133条。所发现的133条ESTs的生物学功能分类为:能量代谢占24%、细胞生长、分裂相关基因占23%、RNA相关占17%、体节形成占12%、蛋白质合成占3%、转录因子占3%、离子转运占5%、细胞信号转导占4%、未知占9%。对所发现的ESTs进行了RT-PCR测定,排除假阳性能够提供足够数量的信息用于获取其全长cDNA,进而获得其全长基因序列以用于功能研究。另外,研究发现了包括小热休克蛋白基因家族、Hox基因家族的abdA和Dfd基因、A-trh基因(排盐器官及盐调节基因)、HIF(缺氧诱导因子)、CK-M2(肌肉型磷酸激酶基因)和GRP基因(富甘氨酸蛋白基因)等20个具有明显功能的相关基因的ESTs和完整基因序列和开放阅读框(ORF)。经初步推断这些ESTs和基因的功能大多为与卤虫发育的生理、生化相关的基因有关。所研究的133条ESTs基本代表了卤虫早期胚胎发育相关功能基因的表达谱。