夏季黑潮区域SSTA及其与中国夏季降水的联系

采用海温、降水、OLR和NCEP／NCAR40a再分析资料，利用REOF方法，研究了夏季北半球海温异常(SSTA)的变化特征，结果显示：第4个REOF空间型是黑潮海温异常的典型形态。相关、合成分析表明，夏季黑潮海温正异常年时，长江流域降水偏多，洞庭湖流域显著偏多；负异常年时则反之。     

贵州夏季气温分区变化特征

对1961--2007年贵州夏季气温用REOF方法分解,将贵州夏季气温的变化区域分为北区、南区和东区。分析3个区域夏季气温的变化趋势及年代际变化特点,发现夏季气温呈现弱上升趋势,南部地区升温明显。功率谱分析的结果表明,各分区的周期变化基本相同,有10a左右的周期。对全省以及各区作滑动均方差,发现各分区气温的年际变化存在差异。     

中国东部夏季降水型的研究

文章对比分析了气候中心的分型（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类雨带）,及北京大学的旱涝型（１ａ、１ｂ、２、３、４、及５型）,并指出这两种分型的优缺点．其次根据中国东部夏季（６～８月）降水量的ＲＥＯＦ分析,提出了一种新的分型．这种新的分型突出了雨带的主要位置,在一定程度上反映了全国降水异常的分布趋势．     

1960-2009年辽宁冬季风寒温度时空变化特征

基于1960-2009年辽宁省52个气象站气象资料,采用风寒温度计算公式和适合辽宁地区的分级标准并分类,得出50 a历年各类别风寒温度日数。使用旋转经验正交分解法（REOF）,分别针对各类别风寒温度日数进行区域划分,并分析了其空间分布和变化趋势。结果表明：辽宁省可按4个风寒温度类别分别分区,凉爽至轻度风寒可分为4个区域,而轻度、中度及重度风寒可分为3个区域;辽宁省辽东半岛五个地市所在地理区域为易患风寒日数最少的地域,辽宁北部、东北部五个地市为易患风寒日数最多的地域;辽宁地区各风寒类别所在划分区域的日数变化相位基本一致;年平均易患风寒日数总体变化趋势是在1986年发生一次突变,在1960-1985年相对偏多,1986-2009年相对偏少。     

基于REOF的青藏高原东侧降水区划分析

本文运用青藏高原东侧35个基本站常规观测50年(1951～2000)年降水资料,采用REOF(旋转主分量)分析方法对高原东侧降水的区域性特征进行分析,把高原东侧分为七种气候模态,既是中-北部型、川东型、西部型、西北型、重庆型、西南型和南部型.根据这个结果,按照一定临界值,把高原东侧地区分为七个降水区.     

Response of Vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to Global Warming

Using satellite-observed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dada and station-observed surface air temperature anomalies for the Northern Hemisphere (NH), we analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of vege- tation variations in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their correlations with global warming from 1982 to 2002. It is found that the late spring and early summer (May-June) are the months with the strongest responses of vegetation to global warming. Based on the Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function (REOF) method, the study shows that the first REOF spatial pattern of average NDVI for May-June reveals the northern and southern zones with great inter-annual variations of vegetation, the northern zone from the eastern Kunlun Mountains to the southwestern Qilian Mountain and southern zone from the northern edge of the Himalayas eastward to the Hengduan Mountains. The vegetation, especially grassland, in the two zones increases significantly with global warming, with a correlation coefficient of 0.71 between the first REOF of May-June vegetation and the April-May surface air temperature anomaly in the NH during 1982-2002. A long-term increasing trend in May-June vegetation for the plateau region as a whole is also attributed mainly to global warming although there are considerable regional differences. The areas with low NDVI (grassland and shrubland) usually respond more evidently to global warming, especially since the 1990s, than those with moderate or high NDVI values.     

Spatial and temporal variability of annual and seasonal precipitation over the desert region of China during 1951–2005

The spatial and temporal variations of precipitation in the desert region of China (DRC) from 1951 to 2005 were investigated using a rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF), the precipitation concentration index (PCI) and the Mann–Kendall trend test method (M‐K method). In addition, the association between variation patterns of precipitation and large‐scale circulation were also explored using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data. The results indicated that the spatial pattern of precipitation was primarily the local climate effect significant type, with the first three EOFs explaining a total of 55·3% of the variance, and the large‐scale climate system effect type, which explained 9·8% of the variance. Prior to the 1970s, the East Asian summer monsoon was stronger, which resulted in abundant precipitation in the Inner Mongolia region. Conversely, the climate of the Xinjiang region was controlled by westerly circulation and had lower precipitation. However, this situation has been reversed since the 1980s. It is predicted that precipitation will decrease by 15–40 and 0–10 mm/year in the Inner Mongolia plateau and southern Xinjiang, respectively, whereas it will likely increase by 10–40 mm/year in northern Xinjiang. Additionally, 58–62% of the annual rainfall occurred during summer in the DRC, with precipitation increasing during spring and summer and decreasing in winter. The intra‐annual precipitation is becoming uniform, but the inter‐annual variability in precipitation has been increasing in the western portions of the DRC. The probability of precipitation during the study period increased by 30% and 22·2% in the extreme‐arid zones and arid zones, respectively. Conversely, the probability of precipitation during the study period decreased by 18·5% and 37·5% in the semi‐arid zones and semi‐wet zones, respectively. It is predicted that the northwest portion of the DRC will become warmer and wetter, while the central portion will become warmer and drier and the northeast portion will be subjected to drought. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1961-2010年广东省高温天气时空变化特征分析

利用广东省27个地面观测站1961-2010年的日平均气温、日最高气温以及日最低气温等观测资料,采用线性倾向、Morlet小波分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验、EOF及REOF等统计方法,分析了广东省高温天气的气候变化特征。结果表明：广东省多年平均高温日数由北向南递减,并且递减趋势明显;近50 a广东省各地区的高温日数基本为上升趋势,中部高温日数的上升幅度最为明显;从全省平均情况来看,高温日数长期演变为显著的上升趋势,在20世纪90年代末之前处于偏少期,90年代末期以后进入偏多期,2005年后高温日数上升趋势较为显著;高温日数在1998年出现了突变现象;高温日数存在20-23 a的振荡周期,但这种周期性变化并不显著;广东省高温日数的标准化距平场可分为中部、北部和南部3区。     

1960—2005年东北地区降雪变化特征研究

利用国家气象信息中心提供的逐日降水和逐日天气现象台站资料,在运用旋转经验正交函数（Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function, REOF）和相关分析进行降雪分区的基础上,重点研究了46 a来东北地区降雪的时空分布、演变特征和长期气候趋势。结果表明：东北地区的山地是主要的降雪地区,而平原及平原南部是降雪较少的区域,降雪区域差异明显。在空间上,大兴安岭北部（长白山地区）是降雪增加（减少）最大的地区,小兴安岭地区（平原地区）是降雪增加（减少）较明显的地区。在时间上,东北北区降雪量呈增加趋势,且在20世纪90年代发生了突变,目前增加趋势显著,而东北南区降雪量是减少的。     

中国东北地区冬季气温变化特征及其大气环流异常的关系

利用1957-2010年冬季中国东北地区90站气温资料,应用REOF和聚类分析方法将东北划分为南、北两个冬季气温变化子区,分析讨论其冬季气温的变化趋势和冷暖异常特征,及其与主要环流指数之间的同期和滞后关系。使用向后去除变量选择法,选取最优预测因子,并建立了全区和各子区的回归统计模型。结果表明：东北冬季增温较明显,平均上升速率达到0. 45 ℃/ 10 a,北部略高;与同期欧亚纬向环流指数之间存在着较显著相关;前期8月东太平洋副热带高压面积指数、前期10月亚洲区极涡面积指数和前期8月北半球极涡面积指数与东北冬季气温存在着显著相关,复相关系数达到0.70,并且是回归方程最关键预测因子。在对冷、暖冬预测时,可以把选定时段和区域副热带高压和极涡面积指数作为重要的影响因素,且误报率较低。