杭州湾溶解态的Ca2+,Mg2+,SO42-

为研究杭州湾河口海水地区性水化学特征,于１９９４年５月和１９９３年８月在杭州湾１４个大面站和两个连续站采集表层海水水样,对Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、ＳＯ４＾２－及Ｓ,Ｃｌ等化学要素进行了测定。研究结果表明,与黄河口长江口一样,杭州湾中溶解态Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、ＳＯ４＾２－主要受陆源径流与外海水物理混合稀释的影响,与Ｃｌ具有良好的线性关系。由于受北岸工业排废水的影响,Ｃａ＾２＋与Ｃｌ线性相关比Ｍｇ     

海鞘中一种酚类衍生物的分离与结构鉴定

从采自青岛海域的柄海鞘Ｓｔｙｅｌａｃｌａｖａ中分离到一种酚类衍生物。经过ＩＲ,ＭＳ,１ＨＮＭＲ和１３ＣＮＭＲ等波谱数据分析,确定其结构为２,４－二叔丁基苯酚。此化合物为首次从该海域海鞘中得到。     

Reservoir quality along a homoclinal carbonate ramp deposit: The Permian Upper Dalan Formation,South Pars Field,Persian Gulf Basin

Permo-Triassic carbonate successions host some of the largest oil and gas reserves in the Arabian Plate, including the world's largest gas reservoirs of the Upper Dalan and the Kangan formations in the South Pars Gas Field, Persian Gulf Basin. Both formations are stratigraphically equivalent to the Upper Khuff Formation which has been long recognized as a major oil and gas reservoir in the Arabian Peninsula. The Permian Upper Dalan Formation is composed mainly of mixed carbonate-evaporite sequences that formed on a laterally continuous homoclinal carbonate ramp with significant variations in reservoir heterogeneity and quality. They can be grouped in 18 microfacies. High reservoir qualities are found within high-energy shoal environments with a tendency of the best reservoir quality to occur towards the basin in a mid-ramp setting. In contrast, low-energy tidal flat environments exhibit the poorest reservoir quality. Reservoir quality from lagoonal environments is diverse. Diagenesis has significantly affected reservoir properties by both enhancing and destroying original porosity and permeability. Bivariate plots of porosity and permeability values, combined with thin section petrography indicate that pore-filling “pervasive” and poikilotopic anhydrite cements had the greatest negative impact on the reservoir quality whereas dolomitization and dissolution of grains and cements played the most positive role. Two third-order sequence stratigraphic cycles link lithologies and depositional environments to sea-level fluctuations. HSTs are associated with better reservoir characteristics than TSTs.     

YOLO v4框架下Multi-Patch多帧增量式交通视频目标检测

提升目标检测模型的泛化能力是计算机视觉领域的研究热点和关键难点。本文提出了一种Multi-Patch方法和多帧增量式预测策略,提升了不同场景下交通视频目标检测的稳健性,有效解决了目标尺度多变导致的视频中目标召回率低的问题。根据视频分辨率和目标尺寸,基于Multi-Patch方法自动将视频帧分割成最佳输入尺寸,使用YOLO v4神经网络并关联连续帧的上下文信息,采用增量式预测策略降低视频目标检测的漏检率,提升不同场景下视频目标的检测置信度得分和召回率。采集不同拍摄条件下的交通视频,验证该方法的有效性。试验结果表明,本文提出的目标检测方法召回率在80%以上,置信度平均得分在0.84以上。     

西太平洋雅浦海沟区海水中CH4和DMSP的垂直变化特征

本研究首次探究了西太平洋雅浦海沟北段从表层到超深渊海水中甲烷（CH₄）及二甲基硫（DMS）的前体物质二甲基巯基丙酸内盐（DMSP）的浓度变化情况。结果表明:雅浦海沟海水甲烷浓度变化范围为1.49~3.87 nmol/L。其上层海水甲烷平均浓度最高,有明显的次表层极大现象。雅浦海沟氧最小层海水的甲烷平均浓度最低;在500~1 000 m中层水中甲烷浓度有一定程度的增大,1 000 m以下至底层甲烷浓度继续升高。研究海区溶解态DMSP（DMSPd）和总DMSP（DMSPt）平均浓度的垂直变化随深度呈先增大后减小趋势,颗粒态DMSP（DMSPp）的平均浓度随深度呈波动式变化,在中层达到最大。雅浦海沟CH₄和DMSP浓度垂直变化受浮游生物、微生物、光照、温度、压力、大洋环流等的复杂影响。在真光层海水中,CH₄浓度与DMSPd、DMSPp和DMSPt浓度表现为负相关关系,在200 m至底层海水中,CH₄浓度与DMSPd、DMSPp和DMSPt浓度表现为正相关关系,显示光照条件是造成雅浦海沟不同深度海水CH₄和DMSP浓度相关性差异的关键因素。     

Alkaline phosphatase activity in the western English Channel: Elevations induced by high summertime rainfall

Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) was determined in bulk particulate material and in a single-cell (ELF) assay at station L4 in the western English Channel during the summer of 2007. Throughout this period, the UK experienced its heaviest summertime rainfall since records began in 1914; with the result that riverine run-off into coastal waters was also elevated relative to long-term averages. Between May and August 2007, three distinct periods of elevated river run-off were observed which resulted in salinity minima at L4 on days 141, 190 and 232. An extended period of high river run-off between days 170 and 210 was responsible for decreases in near-surface salinity at L4 from 35.2068 to a minimum on day 190 of 34.7422. This contributed to the development of haline stratification which supported the development of an intense bloom of the centric diatom Chaetoceros debelis, with maximum observed chlorophyll a concentration of 8.69 μg l⁻¹. Minima in salinity, and maxima in chlorophyll concentration on day 190 were coincident with a peak in river-derived dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) of 1.9 μmol l⁻¹ which was >5 times greater than the summertime mean and 24 times the concentrations experienced at L4 on weeks immediately before and after. There was no accompanying increase in dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and the DIN:DIP ratio increased to 49. With the inherent phosphorus stress that this caused, rates of APA increased from <4 to 42.4 nmolP l⁻¹ h⁻¹. ELF analysis on day 197 identified two taxa actively expressing alkaline phosphatase: the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans and ciliate Tiarana sp.     

花鲈Syntaxin 4基因及其在免疫应答反应中的表达特征

采用RT-PCR技术,从花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)中克隆得到膜蛋白Syntaxin 4基因近85%的CDS序列.同源性分析表明,该序列与斑马鱼以及哺乳动物的Syntaxin 4 基因的有较高相似性.利用实时定量PCR技术分析Syntaxin 4基因在mRNA水平上的相对表达量.结果表明,该基因在脑组织和免疫相关组织中都有表达,以脑组织的表达量最多,在免疫相关组织中的表达量由多到少依次是脾脏、头肾和血液.在LPS刺激24 h后,脾脏和头肾中的表达量分别是对照组的7.83倍和10.41倍,表明免疫组织中Syntaxin 4基因的相对表达量随诱导增强,提示该基因在花鲈免疫应答反应中可能起重要作用.     

幕式裂陷控洼背景下的烃源岩分布及岩浆改造——以珠一坳陷番禺4洼为例

经历裂陷I幕a期强烈裂陷,a期末北部的抬升和岩浆活动,至裂陷I幕b期北洼萎缩、南洼扩大、新形成北西洼,洼陷整体走向从NE-SW转变为NEE-SSW,珠琼运动II幕整体接受抬升剥蚀。在裂陷I幕演化过程中,半深湖-深湖亚相自下而上呈现自 NE向 SW迁移特征。上文昌组烃源岩面积较大,但仅南部厚度较大,本身湖相有机质含量较高;下文昌组半深湖-深湖亚相烃源岩面积相对较小,北部在I幕a期末被剥蚀后厚度仍较大,南部厚度较小,岩浆活动从某种程度上起到了促进下文昌组有机质成熟、加速成烃的作用。上、下文昌组半深湖-深湖亚相烃源岩具有差异分布的特征,下文昌组的生烃强度优于上文昌组。     

掺硼金刚石膜电极降解水中全氟辛酸

采用掺硼金刚石膜电极(Boron-doped diamond,BDD)为阳极的电化学氧化法降解全氟辛酸(Perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA);对比不同电解质体系中PFOA的脱氟效果,考察初始pH、流速、电流密度、初始浓度和电解质浓度对PFOA脱氟率的影响,估算体系能耗;以甲醇(MeOH)和叔丁醇(TBA)为淬灭剂进行自由基淬灭实验,分析PFOA的降解机理。结果表明:Na2SO4电解质体系中,PFOA具有良好的降解效果;酸性条件下(pH为3~4.2)PFOA脱氟效果较佳,中性条件下较差,脱氟效果随初始浓度的增加而降低,随电流密度的增大先提升后趋于稳定。初始pH为3、电流密度30 mA·cm^-2、流速32.5 mL·min^-1、初始浓度100 mg·L^-1、Na2SO4浓度0.05 mol·L^-1条件下,电解180 min,PFOA脱氟率达53.45%,能耗约为1.13 kWh·(g F)-1;硫酸盐体系产生的·OH、SO-4·两种自由基均能氧化降解PFOA。     

Incremental 4D-VAR assimilation scheme based on Lorenz model

Four-dimensional variational(4D-VAR) data assimilation method is a perfect data assimilation solution in theory, but the compu- tational issue is quite difficult in operational implementation. The incremental 4D-VAR assimilation scheme is set up in order to re- duce the computational cost. It is shown that the accuracy of the observations, the length of the assimilation window and the choice of the first guess have an important influence on the assimilation outcome through the contrast experiment. Compared with the standard 4D-VAR assimilation scheme, the incremental 4D-VAR assimilation scheme shows its advantage in the computation speed through an assimilation experiment.