Effects of demand estimates on the evaluation and optimality of service centre locations

Public service systems, such as emergency health care, police or fire brigades, are critical for day-to-day functioning of the society. To design and operate these systems efficiently much data needs to be collected and properly utilised. Here, we use the OpenStreetMap (OSM) data to model the demand points (DPs), which approximate the geographical location of customers, and the road network, which is used to access or distribute services. We consider all inhabitants as customers, and therefore to estimate the demand, we use the available population grids. People are changing their location in the course of the day and thus the demand for services is changing accordingly. In this paper, we investigate how the used demand estimate affects the optimal design of a public service system. We calculate and compare efficient designs corresponding to two demand models, a night-time demand model when the majority of inhabitants rest at home and the demand model derived from the 24-hour average of the population density. We propose a simple measure to quantify the differences between population grids and we estimate how the size of differences affects the optimal structure of a public service system. Our analyses reveal that the efficiency of the service system is not only dependent on the placement strategy, but an inappropriate demand model has significant effects when designing a system as well as when evaluating its efficiency.     

Why Edit a Journal? Academic Irony and Paradox

Although journal editing is central to scholarly enterprise, helping to maintain academic standards and shape disciplines, it is frequently discouraged within the academic assemblages that depend on it. Following recent contributions by geographers to discussions on academic service such as book editing and reviewing, this article explores some ironies and paradoxes of journal editing. It first discusses the challenges of journal editing as well as its problematic place in “academic capitalism.” It then examines professional and personal rewards of journal editing. Despite strong disincentives, journal editing offers valuable opportunities for self-development and deepening professional networks, as well as for refining the discipline.     

“松科二井”用硬岩长寿命钻头的设计与应用

为提高“松科二井”在深井硬岩钻进中的寿命与效率,选用了高性能胎体材料、高强度焊接材料,并采用了合理的钻头结构与水路结构设计,研制的φ216/124 mm金刚石取心钻头在“松科二井”取得了良好的效果,本文介绍了适用于深井硬岩的金刚石钻头的设计及应用效果。     

典型断陷盆地流域生态系统服务价值时空差异研究

以典型断陷盆地——小江流域为研究对象,以1982年的TM影像、2003年的Landsat ETM+影像和2016年的Landsat OLI影像为数据源,结合云南省测绘局所提供的150 000的土地利用状况图,采用 Costanza 公式对生态系统服务价值进行评估,精细刻画出云南小江流域“盆—山”共存的地质分异结构下生态系统服务价值的时空变化特征。结果表明:（1）小江流域以农田生态系统为主,研究期内生态系统格局总体稳定,耕地、建设用地、林地和园地都有不同程度的增加,而未利用地面积减少,水域面积基本不变;（2）1982-2016年,研究区生态系统服务总价值呈上升趋势,1982、2003和2016年生态系统服务总价值分别为90.11×108元、105.65×108元和136.81×108元,耕地、林地、园地和水域的生态系统服务价值整体上升,而未利用地的生态系统服务价值减少;（3）整体上,小江流域南部和东部生态系统服务价值增加明显,而中部和西部地区生态系统服务价值呈阶段性变化或持续下降趋势,小江岩溶河谷区的生态系统服务价值最高,而沉积平坝区的生态系统服务价值密度最低,且为唯一一个衰退型生态系统服务功能区;（4）研究期内小江流域各项生态系统服务价值均呈上升趋势,调节服务居主导地位,且以气候调节服务价值最高。小江流域生态系统服务价值缺乏弹性,水域生态系统面积变化对研究区生态系统价值的变化具有放大作用。实施封山育林、退耕还林、小流域治理工程等石漠化综合治理工程可增加生态系统服务价值。      

Measuring,mapping and quantifying the effects of trust and informal communication on transboundary collaboration in the Great Lakes fisheries policy network

Ecosystem-based management of fisheries and other transboundary natural resources require a number of organizations across jurisdictions to exchange knowledge, coordinate policy goals and engage in collaborative activities. Trust, as part of social capital, is considered a key mechanism facilitating the coordination of such inter-organizational policy networks. However, our understanding of multi-dimensional trust as a theoretical construct and an operational variable in environmental and natural resource management has remained largely untested. This paper presents an empirical assessment of trust and communication measures applied to the North American Great Lakes fisheries policy network. Using a scale-based method developed for this purpose, we quantify the prevalence of different dimensions of trust and in/formal communication in the network and their differentiated impacts on decision-making and goal consensus. Our analysis reveals that calculation-based ‘rational trust’ is important for aligning mutual goals, but relationship-based ‘affinitive trust’ is most significant for influencing decision-making. Informal communication was also found to be a strong predictor of how effectively formal communication will influence decision-making, confirming the “priming” role of informal interactions in formal inter-agency dealings. The results also show the buffering and interactive functions of these components in strengthening institutional resilience, with procedural trust undergirding the system to compensate for a lack of well-developed relationships. Overall, this study provides evidence to suggest that informal communication and multi-dimensional trust constitute a crucial element for improving collaboration and reducing conflict in the networked governance of transboundary natural resource systems.     

岛津SCT-4800 CT的应用和维修

本文主要讲述我院在缺少必备的医疗设备维护图纸资料的情况下,岛津SCT—4800 CT机的应用与维修的经验。     

移动测量技术及其应用

从地理空间信息服务的关键技术与要求入手,论述了地理空间数据在地理空间信息服务的作用。在对地理空间数据采集与更新技术的分析基础上,提出了基于移动测量技术的地理空间信息服务数据采集与更新的技术途径,结合LD2000-RM移动测量系统,对其应用的领域和方向进行了介绍,最后对移动测量技术在地理空间信息服务的前景进行了展望。     

中国机场体系的空间格局及其服务水平

利用定量模型和GIS方法,从空间布局、服务范围以及航空客流分布等方面来研究中国的机场体系及其服务水平。中国机场存在空间布局不均衡和等级结构不合理等问题,各机场的服务水平空间表现不一致,整体服务格局与全国社会经济发展的格局基本协调。航空客流趋向东部沿海地区集聚,空间联系和拓展具有明显的层级性,具有一定的轴-辐式网络特征。整个机场体系表现为以“京沪穗”为核心的“鼎形”空间系统,并将在未来一段时间内得以维持。研究表明,中国机场体系的结构与全国或区域城市体系结构有一定的相互联系,随着航空运输需求的快速发展,未来机场体系的建设既要注意平衡机场区域布局,又需重视优化网络与等级体系,从而合理引导航空网络结构的演变。     

中国GIS产业发展问题与对策研究

虽然中国GIS产业比十多年前有了显著的进步,但是问题依然很多,集中表现为:GIS产业规模小、应用广度和深度不够;GIS产业服务体系不健全;GIS教育不能适应产业发展的需要;GIS标准化工作滞后。中国GIS产业的发展壮大,不仅需要地理信息技术的进步,GIS软件产品的创新,而且要建立相应的产业服务体系,加快GIS新型人才的培养。中国GIS产业发展过程中的一系列问题是环环相扣的,我们不应该就事论事、画地为牢,而是要“大处着眼、小处着手”,加强当前比较薄弱的产业环节。随着国家信息化进程的推进,特别是电子政务建设的兴起,中国GIS产业面临许多新的机遇。正视目前存在的问题,及时采取适宜的对策,中国GIS产业必将蓬勃发展。