机载LiDAR点云航带平差方法研究

以航带平差作为系统误差消除的关键技术,提出了基于无控制三维表面匹配的方法,并用最小高程差(LZD)和最小法向距离(LND)两种算法加以实现。实验表明,LND和LZD算法的平差结果均可满足工程精度的需求;LZD较LND算法的整体计算效率偏低,但其精度较高;与商业软件TMatch的结果相比,LZD的精度和其相当,且两种方式在TMatch软件平差失败时也能成功地完成航带平差任务。     

集成距离变换和区域邻接图生成Delaunay三角网的方法研究

基于距离变换和区域邻接图,提出了一种D-TIN(包括约束的D-TIN)的生成方法。利用D-TIN是Voronoi图的几何对偶这一特性,使用距离变换获取点的Voronoi图,使用区域邻接图获取点在该Voronoi图上的空间邻接关系,以生成D-TIN或者约束的D-TIN。实验表明,与经典的基于数学形态学生成的D-TIN和约束D-TIN的方法相比,本文算法可以分别提高约57.70%和56.64%的效率。     

An improved specimen generation method for DEM based on local Delaunay tessellation and distance function

Discretizing a domain of interest into a set of particles for discrete element simulation is the first step to generate a specimen. An improved algorithm, the Seed Expansion Method (SEM), is proposed in this work. A seed is first generated inside a given domain. Then, the domain is filled by the seed expansion based on a local Delaunay tessellation and a distance function. An optional operation, refilling, is suggested to further improve the packing density after the completion of SEM. Polydisperse dense packing can be generated by the proposed method for an arbitrarily shaped domain in both 2D and 3D. A specimen can be obtained that approximately conforms to a specified size distribution and packing density. Multiple subdomains of a domain can be filled by packings with different densities and size distributions. A specimen with higher density can be obtained by comparing it with the existing methods. Mathematically, the features of the method include both simplicity and high efficiency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

摄影机主距改变对模型影响的研究

实验环境下检校的相机主距在外界作业环境下产生微小的改变.围绕主距变化对模型点坐标产生的影响展开讨论,得出主距改变对不同像点的影响不是等值的.而且主距越长,模型点之间的距离就越短,主距越短模型点之间的距离就越长.因此在作业过程中,若出现特殊情况使主距有明显变化的过程,必须对摄影机主距进行重新测定.     

几种统计相似方法的适用性比较

针对前人对各种相似性度量的预报检验结果,从公式出发,分析证明了相似离度与海明距离具有相同性质,探讨了相似离度在相似预报中使用的局限性。利用2010年5月1—30日08时东亚区域850 hPa高度场96个站点资料,对几个常用相似量及作者提出的新相似量进行相似选择试验,结果表明：（1）相似离度与海明距离非常接近,选出的相似样本80%以上是相同的;（2）相似离度与相关系数差异最大,选出的相似样本70%以上是不同的;（3）新相似量与相关系数较接近,60%是相同的。相似离度与海明距离反映的是样本间＂距离＂的接近程度,相关系数和新相似量反映的是样本间的形状接近程度。     

中国热量资源精细化估算

热量资源是重要的农业气候资源,掌握其精细化分布情况,对于农业气候区划有重要意义,并对农业发展起科学的指导作用,为了得到全国各时间尺度的热量资源精细化资料,需要将不同时间尺度的气象站观测资料估算到无资料的细网格上。本文对比分析了反距离加权法（IDW）、梯度距离平方反比法（GIDW）、样条函数法（Spline）、克里格法（Kriging）和趋势面法估算全国热量资源的效果,采用1998—2007年全国651个基本、基准站的1月和7月平均气温、最高气温进行空间估算试验,用交叉检验的方法分析估算误差及其分布情况。分析结果表明,梯度距离反比法（GIDW）较好地反映了局地地形、海拔高度的影响,误差最小,估算结果最优,GIDW法对热量资源的估算误差较小,相对误差总体不超过5%。基于GIS软件平台,利用1971—2000年全国2346个站的资料采用GIDW法对全国的热量资源进行了估算,得到了年、季、月、旬尺度的平均气温分布图,并制作了稳定通过0,5,10,12,15℃界限温度的初终日序日、初终间日数、积温全国分布图,空间分辨率达0.01°。     

基于MKLD准则的PSOPF算法设计及其应用

针对标准粒子滤波算法中存在的粒子权值退化和计算量大的缺陷,提出了基于MKLD准则的粒子群优化粒子滤波算法。该方法将粒子群优化算法嵌入到粒子滤波算法的重要性采样过程中,对采样过程进行了优化,提高了粒子集的优良性的同时保证了粒子滤波状态估计的性能。同时,为了降低计算量,算法设计时基于MKLD准则自适应地选择粒子群优化算法所...     

GPS误差分析和精度控制

通过对GPS测量误差的研究,在设计技术方案时采取相应的措施消除或消弱误差的影响,严格按照测量规范进行操作,尽量避免并减少误差从而提高成果的可靠性和精确性。     

A quantitative characterization of the seasonal Lagrangian circulation of the Gulf of California from a three-dimensional numerical model

A set of four indices that quantify Lagrangian properties of the Gulf of California seasonal circulation were implemented from outputs of a three-dimensional numerical model. From trajectories of particles seeded over the entire Gulf, we calculated for 12 one-month periods the following indices: net and total distance traveled by the particles, the number of particles that are found within an area centered on the release positions after one month, and time taken by particles to escape from a 50-km-radius circle. These indices can be used for studies on transport of inert properties and passive planktonic organisms such as eggs and early-stage larvae; their use is illustrated for typical summer and winter conditions in the Gulf of California. These indices show the potential for connecting areas separated by a few hundreds of km along the eastern side of the Gulf, due to the strong seasonal up-gulf and down-gulf current. In the Northern Gulf, large displacements occur at the borders of the basin-wide seasonally reversing eddy that dominates the large-scale circulation (cyclonic in summer, anticyclonic in winter). On the other hand, the potential for self-recruitment areas is found as particles can be trapped for longer than one month within these eddies, as well as in smaller ones in the Northern Gulf, and near the coast of the peninsular side of the Southern Gulf, where current speeds are slow and many small capes and islands are present.